Improved planning and coordination
Park authorities, communities and NGO’s developing a clearly articulated and agreed process to address issues. Land tenure and user rights secured for communities inside the park through participatory land-use planning and zonation with park authorities and NGO partners. Robust social institutions developed or strengthened to manage activities and decision-making in communities
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The key lessons learned include, developing high levels of trust with communities and park authorities alike. This is best achieved by initially focusing on issues of shared concern, and building from there, and also ensuring all activities - be they non-governmental or community - are completely integrate into park management. Project proponents must spend significant time in communities and move at their pace and using their social institutions, where possible. When developing eco-tourism or other conservation enterprises, ensure a direct link between the income and the conservation – for example tourists only paying when they see selected species. To strengthen social institutions, and social pressure on compliance, payment schemes should include a community payment that is discretionary spending for the managing social institution.