Planning for reforestation of protected areas

It is intended to plan activities for the reforestation of the areas catalogued as protected, with oak trees and other plants germinated in the community nursery; with the purpose of recovering and conserving the biodiversity of the native species of these areas, and to receive the benefits that this represents.

Acquire a variety of trees and plants to reforest protected areas, which can be achieved through the construction of a community nursery where the necessary natural resources are produced.

It is easier and more continuous to reforest protected areas having their own natural resources generated in a nursery, than to seek them through the use of intermediaries and other institutions, since they represent a cost, sometimes high, in time and money.

Local stakeholder steering group and community empowerment

The building block is built on the principle that a community based initiative to protect cetaceans and their habitats is best done when owned by the local communities itself. It incentivizes, empowers and engages a community and its businesses so that they benefit directly from a healthy and thriving ocean. 

 

To coordinate and facilitate the development of a WHS initiative, a steering committee is formed by local stakeholders. These are enthusiastic, creative and passionate individuals who steer the process and help launch, maintain, and sustain the application process.

 

An effective WHS steering committee should be fully diverse and inclusive and representative of the community and include staff, volunteers, and community members. Its purpose is to serve as a mobilizing force, not a bureaucracy. Making the process meaningful and purposeful for everyone involved. Within the process there is guidance on establishing sub-committees or workgroups to focus on specific goals and activities. 

 

As well as leading and manageing the process of application, the steering committee must show continual improvement across the community with its various initiatives, through annual reporting as a measure of WHS's excellence.

It took 2 years and the collaborative efforts of a local steering committee, made up of dedicated and passionate local stakeholder partners (individuals and local organisations), for The Bluff to achieve Whale Heritage Site status. Committee members now work together for positive change. Meeting on a regular basis and continually striving toward the ultimate goal of putting The Bluff front and centre for the conservation and preservation of cetaceans and all the benefits that this provides for the community. 

Enabling and empowering a community to work together requires a clear direction, benefits, and a core team of dedicated stakeholders to drive the project forward locally. It must be community owned at every stage of the process and be fully representative of the community, its needs, its vision and its priorities. 

Community nursery

The community nursery is the main element as a means of producing unlimited natural resources, if its management is optimal, to be used in the reforestation of areas with forest loss, deterioration or deforestation. It is essential to avoid buying or waiting for donations of trees or plants, which represent costs in money and time. It can also function as a means to generate income with the commercialization of the resources produced in the nursery, with the purpose of being self-sustainable.

Territorial space, technical assistance for the construction of the nursery, as well as for the germination and maintenance of the trees and plants. Also the material and human resources necessary for the maintenance of the nursery.

The commercialization of the plants produced in the nursery, which are sold to individuals who wish to plant them in their properties, with the purpose of generating economic income that allows this solution to be self-sustainable (payment of workers, basic services, rent, among other expenses).

The construction of the nursery requires the legalization of the land on which it will be built, as well as the technical and legal advice necessary for implementation.

Impact Measurement

We are constantly working to measure our environmental and social impact in terms of the internationally known Sustainable Development Goals. This has allowed us to find synergies between our project and other organizations which in turn has accelerated our growth.

1. Be very clear about each of the Sustainable Development Goals (Targets/Goals).

2. Have a baseline for comparison.

3. To have measurement methodologies.

1. It is important to plan the measurement methodologies very well so that the results are as expected.

2. Periodicity must be established for the application of measurement methodologies.

Livelihood strategies

The work of the Sanghatan is merely to empower the Van Gujjars within the Chaur by propagating techniques of breed conservation but are not directly involved with the day-to-day milk trade and profit. Nonetheless, the Sanghatan keeps a tab on the number of bulls, young calves, pregnant buffaloes, and those which produce milk on a monthly basis. Out of the 1528 buffaloes raised within the Chaur, around 475 buffaloes at present produce milk during this season. On a daily basis, a total of 700-800 litres of milk is collected in this season but this number rises to 1100-1200 litres in winters as it is the season when buffaloes give birth to young calves.

The Sanghatan has demarcated the grassland into three areas namely Miya Bazaar, Nahar ke peeche compartment and Majhada (Islands on the floodplains of Ganges). All these three areas are utilized as per seasonal variation to ensure there is timely regeneration of grass and other vegetation. 

The Sanghatan is keen to promote the natural growth of forests in the region to ensure the indigenous Gojri breed need not have to rely upon purchased fodder from the market. With the use of such natural fodder, the Van Gujjars are able to maintain the nutritious value of their milk. The Sanghatan believes by adopting such sustainable processes for ensuring high quality of milk is enhancing the identity of their produce which has benefited several members to procure a reasonable and equitable market price for their commodity. The Sanghatan is keen to build on the goodwill of producing unadulterated and nutritious milk, unlike commercial dairy, which has additional health benefits for the populace consuming them.

Business Alliances

One of the lines we have is the creation of corporate forests. What we do is to link companies to implement their corporate social responsibility strategy through us by planting a forest in the Amazon. Many companies implement it to integrate their different stakeholders (employees, customers, partners, suppliers, etc.) in their strategy, planting a tree on behalf of each of them, which has proven to be very successful.

  1. Have sufficient physical and human infrastructure capacity to implement the projects.
  2. To have the technological tools to be able to monitor and control.
  3. To have the administrative capacity to meet their requirements.
  1. The areas of the organization must be flexible to adapt to different types of demand.
  2. Identify in time which variables are sensitive to changes in order to react quickly.
Breed and Ecosystem conservation

The Van Gujjar Tribal Yuva Sanghatan has initiated several initiatives for the youth amongst them to turn towards education, both from schools as well as self—study groups which also initiate them towards traditional knowledge protection, bird watching, nature guiding, outdoor education through trails and games, handicrafts and cultural orientation of the community, to preserve their forest identities. The tribal identity is further promulgated in their sincere efforts to file for individual and community claims through the Forest Rights Act, 2006 as well as initiate community restoration drives, practices of herd mobility by empowering pastoral opportunities, prepare forest fire prevention squads and protect forests from poachers and cattle smugglers. They have currently undertaken a project to document the traditional knowledge and ecosystem benefits of 20 species of flora, which have food, medicinal, household or cultural uses for the community. 

The Van Gujjar Tribal Yuva Sanghatan has ensured members of the community do not engage in intermixing of breeds and promote the security and preservation of the indigenous Gojri breed within this landscape. The community is keen to safeguard  its traditional knowledge, customary practices and cultural values. The Van Gujjars are also cultivating new ways to undertake conservation drives through initiatives like Saila Parv that ensure trees beneficial to the livestock are planted.

It is hopeful that this activity of the Sanghatan will be incentivized by the Forest Department to ensure better management of the common pastures. The Sanghatan is willing to cooperate with all government and non-government institutions that are keen to propagate sustainable protection of the grassland through participative means to further its efforts in breed conservation and pasture management. It is also hopeful that the Sanghatan will soon form a cooperative of its own to ensure the breed finds viable means to develop and cherish with a complete agency of the Van Gujjars. Pastoralism as a livelihood needs a fillip through identifying such conservation strategies amidst humans, their livestock and other coexisting wild animals within the grassland. Several activities of the Sanghatan have ensured that coupled with the breed, several other species of fauna find utilization of the common property resource within which the Van Gujjars reside.

Coastal and Marine Conservation

In 2019, Shark Spotters identified the need for more practical interventions to conserve our coastline from human impacts, and therefore started a “Coastal Conservation Team”, working in partnership with the City of Cape Town to conduct proactive and reactive conservation activities that make a significant positive impact on the coastal environment. These include sand dune stabilisation and rehabilitation, removal of ghost fishing gear, vessel waste and other pollution from the coastal zone, management of stormwater outlets at the beach interface to reduce land-based pollution entering the sea, repair and removal of damaged coastal infrastructure after swell/storm damage, ocean water quality testing, responding to stranded animals and more. Their presence ensures our coastal habitat is protected from human degradation as well as the effects of climate change, and that our oceans remain healthy for sharks and other marine creatures.

During the recent pandemic, we found more and more people using the coastal zone as it was often the only "safe" exercise and recreation area. This saw an increase in pollution and other human impacts on the coast and highlighted the need for more awareness around the importance of active citizenship in protecting these areas that provide so much economic and social value to communities.

Partnerships with local authorities and identifying areas where local authorities do not have the capacity to implement practical solutions to coastal degradation issues.

Competent coastal ecology experts to guide effective conservation solutions.

The need for adequate tools and equipment to complete the tasks.

The need for flexible and rapid response to coastal emergencies as they arise.

The importance of a "last line of defence" to mitigate human impacts on the marine - terrestrial interface.

The publicising of these interventions so that people are aware of their impacts on the oceans and how responsible environmental behaviour on land can reduce detrimental effects caused to the oceans.

Environmental Education and Awareness

Education & awareness is key to a successful shark-safety strategy and we work hard to provide factual, non-sensational information about  shark-safety to visitors to our beaches so that they can make informed decisions about risk when entering the water. We also aim to foster a greater understanding of sharks and their important role in the ecosystem in order to change people’s perspective of sharks, from fear to acceptance.

Our Info Centre serves as an interactive space for the public to connect with the program and access information about sharks and marine conservation, seeing thousands of local and international visitors every year. We also perform numerous educational outreach activities in our surrounding communities, reaching +/- 3,000 participants directly and many thousands more through festivals and exhibitions we participate in. We have developed a marine safety and conservation education program for all ages, from pre-primary to University level, with many aspects aligned with the South African CAPS curriculum.

Our unique mobile app provides real time shark-safety information and other beach conditions for all our operating beaches. This is an invaluable tool for visitors to the area to ensure they have the most up to date information about shark risk before visiting the coast.

 

Buy in from local education facilities and communities to empower their students and citizens to learn more about responsible ocean use.

Engaging content that instills new values in learners and allows them to make changes to their daily activities to minimise harm to the ocean.

Strong relationships with local media to disseminate information and change the narrative from sensational to more reasoned discourse around shark bite incidents.

Need to be adaptable to changing circumstances (e.g., coronavirus pandemic limiting "in-person" interventions).

The need for buy-in from the private sector to fund education initiatives as part of their corporate social investment initiatives.

The need for training in conflict-resolution to manage polarising views and get the message across in a form that does not exclude certain sectors. For example, managing the complex balance between keeping surfers and swimmers safe from sharks and potentially scaring them away from the beach, or significantly impacting their recreation time, resulting in negative sentiments to the programme or sharks. Also, dealing with different user groups that have conflicting views on the need to protect sharks, like fishermen and bathers.

The importance of environmental education in empowering people through greater understanding to encourage behaviour change and active participation in conservation efforts.

Actions that conserve and protect natural assets

Open-grazing and over-cutting in dryland areas reduces vegetative cover, making them prone to erosion and causing downstream flooding.

 

DryDev introduced FMNR as a low-cost community-led approach that build consensus on how to manage and govern open-grazing areas through local by-laws (including fines for non-compliance). FMNR uses selective pruning to assist recovering trees and stumps. In denuded areas where root stocks are not present, enrichment planting was undertaken to maximize vegetative cover in the protected areas.

 

Physical structures were also used, such as terraces, trenches, half-moons, check-dams and gully reclamation structures. 

 

Biological and physical structures in open grazing areas (now protected) led to rapid vegetative recovery, recovery of springs and the rise of groundwater. Smallholders improved their water access for household needs, for small crops and fruit trees, and for animals.

  • Community visioning was needed to remind the community what the landscape once looked like, and to imagine the restored state. 
  • Testing new ideas, such as FMNR, in small plots was useful to members who were unsure of the benefits. Bringing farmers to existing FMNR sites and to talk with other farmers convinced them of the benefits. Bringing government on board also assisted with uptake.
  • Water harvesting proved to assist greatly with the speed of vegetative recovery.

Solutions like FMNR are low-cost, scalable and replicable with spontaneous adoption observed in neighbouring sub-watersheds.