WILDLIFE RESCUE AND REHABILITATION

We co-established a rescue and breeding centre with Cuc Phuong National Park called the “Carnivore & Pangolin Conservation Program” inside the Cuc Phuong NP. The main purpose of the centre is to cooperate with authorities to successfully rescue wildlife confiscated from the illegal wildlife trade and release them back to the wild. The animals then go through a 30-day quarantine. If they meet health standards, they are then released into safe protected areas, while animals who did not have the ability to survive in the wild, would be kept in the education centre to inspire visitors to contribute to the species conservation.

  • A hotline is provided for people to report illegal wildlife trade incidents
  • A rapid response team, composed of veterinarians and animal keepers, is built up and trained to respond to emergency calls from the authorities or reports from local people.
  • Develop guidance for animal first responses
  • Enhance active participation and effective collaboration with rangers, and police, who have confiscated wildlife
  • Having a collection form to record information of the confiscated wildlife e.g., rescue location, species, and animal status for post-rescue monitoring and management
  • It is extremely important to guide and advise on how to apply first aid for the confiscated animals to authorities and local people before the rapid response team arrives
  • Get to the rescue location as soon as possible to give the animals better chances to survive
  • Develop a relationship with the authorities in the province or district responsible for confiscating illegal traded wildlife so that the following rescue events could be more effective
Behaviour change

Behavioural change is one of our main building blocks to benefit wildlife conservation. This project component aims to change the behaviour of wildlife consumers by identifying key behaviours and using them to reduce demand for wildlife products. Findings of background research on awareness and attitudes of government officials and citizens around Pu Mat National Park towards wild meat consumption and sales were used to develop appropriate behaviour change interventions, drawing attention to the impact of wild meat consumption on health and the negative social perceptions of consuming wild meat. Following implementation of our work, the impact of our messages on avoidance behaviour and attitudes toward wild meat consumption was measured.

  • Interview-based research on wild meat trade/restaurants in the project area and relevant literature fed to behavioural change researchers
  • Behavioural change campaign designed and implemented in the project area: a campaign launching event; a billboard and posters campaign were installed in central locations and main roads. Moreover, all of the government officials signed a pledge not to use illegal wildlife.
  •  Pre- and post-project evaluation to assess initial impacts
  • Project planning should be more carefully considered to avoid overlapping agendas with local government. The team should try to make a detailed plan for requesting approvals and implementation that avoid the government’s regular busy period.
  • The content and image used on every campaign material must be considered carefully to minimise controversy and politically sensitive issues. All content and images used for intervention had been considered and adjusted carefully before installation, which followed both recommendations from the consultant team and the government.
  • The campaign and its messages should be delivered by more diverse communication mediums to enhance the outreach and effectiveness.
  • The material of billboards should be considered carefully to ensure the resistance to extreme weather in Vietnam and unexpected accidents.
Community engagement program

Working with local communities in the buffer zones of Pu Mat National Park is one of SVW’s main focuses, in order to raise awareness, reduce their impacts on forest resources, and inspire them to protect wildlife. We utilise diverse approaches to implement different programs, from holding community engagement workshops and training, placing large billboards around the buffer zones and using self-sustained education outreach tools to encourage local people to take informed actions to protect wildlife.

  • Numerous community workshops were conducted in wildlife strongholds and poaching hotspots around Pu Mat National Park, with the attendance of local villagers
  • SVW installed large-size billboards to raise awareness at the entrances to the forest and other areas
  • A bilingual radio broadcast about wildlife for the community living in the buffer zone of the park
  • A handy awareness-raising toolkit was developed for the Anti-poaching team and Park’s rangers to bring along and use to talk with people during their patrol or meetings with the community
  • A large number of people in the remote areas of the buffer zones are illiterate, therefore all educational materials need to be simple with many images.
  • When developing activities, the participation of local communities should be taken into consideration to raise the effectiveness of the community engagement programs.
  • After a series of community engagement activities, SVW aims to develop appropriate alternative livelihoods for the local communities.
School program

Raising awareness and educating the community, especially children in the buffer zone of Pu Mat National Park is one of SVW's long-term strategies that aims at forming a future generation with positive attitudes and behaviours towards wildlife while reducing unsustainable exploitation of natural resources. Our program "Join me to protect Pu Mat forests'” is aligned with the environmental education curriculum at schools carried out by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training, as well as general policies of the government in the field of nature conservation and wildlife management. More than 4,500 primary and secondary students in the buffer zone of Pu Mat National Park were engaged in this program, gaining more knowledge, and proudly contributing to the protection of Pu Mat National Park when possible. Visual posters, handbooks, and other materials were distributed to schools to continue spreading the word of conservation.

 

The program consists of 5 different activities:

  • Social research was conducted before and after the program to assess the impacts
  • A student club at each school was established
  • A broadcasting program was launched at schools, encouraging students to raise their own voices
  • Our one-day field trips took clubs’ members and students who actively participated in the program to Pu Mat National Park to experience wildlife and nature in the Park to inspire and encourage them to take action.
  • The difference in the cognitive level of school children of different ages, especially those in the remote areas should be kept in mind when developing content and materials for the activities. Multiple educational methods should be adopted to create more diverse approaches for students of different ages.
  • Severe weather conditions in the local areas can interfere with the conduct of the activities, especially those that require in-person interaction. When these unfortunate events occur, it is best to be flexible and backup plans should be carefully prepared beforehand.
  • The complicated and unpredictable outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam were the most significant factor that impacted the program. Taking activities to online platforms can be a solution, however, accessibility of students in remote areas should also be considered. Backup plans always should be carefully prepared beforehand.
Implementation of Ecological Restoration Agreements

The agreements are aimed at preserving the integrity of the SFFG, through the release of transformed areas and the implementation of active and passive restoration processes, in order to achieve the recovery of degraded land cover and contribute to the maintenance of natural areas and the good living of the community.

To achieve the implementation of the ecological restoration agreements, it was necessary to carry out out outreach activities and socialization of the process with the 23 prioritized peasant families and also to collect information according to the guidelines of participatory ecological restoration, which allowed the construction of the technical annexes and the content of the agreements.

  • Funding sources available from the National Government and international cooperation projects (GEF Mosaic Galeras Heritage Fund - KFW).
  • Willingness of key stakeholders to sign Ecological Restoration agreements.

As a contribution to land management and the conservation objectives of the SFFG, the activities that have been developed within the framework of the agreements and the participatory process of ecological restoration, contribute to the appropriation of knowledge of the rural communities for the implementation of favorable practices for conservation, in a way that favors their quality of life and reduces socio-environmental conflicts. On the other hand, it is expected that in the short and medium term the communities will feel identified, involved and appropriate to the ecological restoration process and will be able to conceive a degree of social co-responsibility in the conservation of the protected area.

Social participation in the implementation of the ecological restoration strategy.

Its purpose is to involve local communities in the restoration process, depending on the socioeconomic environment prevailing in the area, with special attention to the aspirations of local communities in terms of the future they want for the space they inhabit. Therefore, in the implementation of the restoration strategy, local communities made up of children, youth and adults were involved in activities such as:

(i) Identification of the areas to be restored.

ii) Construction of community nurseries for the propagation of high Andean forest species. iii) Participation in the implementation of isolation in areas under pressure from agricultural activities, in order to encourage the use of the region's own natural resources that contribute to valuing the existing biodiversity and ensure the long-term continuity of the project, taking into account the important knowledge that the community has about their region, its history of use, the location of the species and in some cases their propagation.

  • Funding available from the National Government and international cooperation projects (GEF Mosaic Galeras Heritage Fund - KFW).
  • Community ownership of the restoration work, guaranteeing the continuity of the process.
  • Recognition of the communities regarding the existence of a protection figure.
  • Knowledge of the communities and the work team of the territory and its ecosystems.
  • The ecological restoration strategy developed by the SFFG has involved the participation of the communities from the beginning, generating ownership in the conservation of the protected area's ecosystems.
  • Scientific knowledge and ancestral knowledge of the communities should be considered in the ecological restoration processes.
  • The strengthening of community nurseries has allowed the protected area to have adequate plant material for the implementation of ecological restoration actions, both in the interior and in the zone of influence. These nurseries also function not only as a source of plant production, but also as an experimental site for native species of interest, with the goal of creating temporary banks of germplasm and seedlings of native species that allow for their characterization, selection, and management. In the future, this will allow the design, knowledge and adaptation of the simplest techniques for the massive propagation of the different Andean species.
Building block No. 1: Identification of the areas to be intervened through active and passive restoration actions.

The purpose of identifying the areas to be restored is to determine the number of hectares in which active restoration actions should be implemented (which consists of direct human intervention on the structure and characteristics of the degraded ecosystem, in order to replace, rehabilitate or restore it to ensure the existence of a structured and functional ecosystem) and passive restoration (focused on eliminating or minimizing the disturbances causing the degradation, leaving the degraded ecosystem to recover its structure and functionality by itself).This process was carried out through the methodology of observation and participatory research, which consists of making field trips with some members of the community, to take geo-reference points with the GPS, to subsequently build the polygons and calculate the area to be restored, which comprises 196.2 hectares. Parallel to this activity, a diagnosis of the conservation status and composition of the plant species present in the area is made to determine the degree of intervention to which the ecosystem has been subjected and thus make the decision on what type of restoration will be implemented.

  • Funding sources available from the National Government and international cooperation projects (GEF Mosaic Galeras Heritage Fund - KFW).
  • Availability of geographic information systems.
  • Willingness of rural communities to participate in restoration activities.
  • Building trust with the farming families, since they have been involved in the ecological restoration strategy activities, thus achieving a degree of co-responsibility in the conservation of the protected area.
  • The SFFG technical team gained experience in carrying out active and passive restoration activities.
Biodiversity communication

The creation of the series came about because we identified the need to communicate differently about biodiversity.

During our expeditions we have recorded in high quality videos several species, and in our networks we published those videos. However, we saw that there was little interaction from people who did not know about the birds or those who were interested.

In that sense, we came up with the idea of making a digital series, with the intention of showing the biodiversity of Alto Mayo in a different way. We had to design the series, evaluate possible recording scenarios, select fauna, build stories, plan logistics, make alliances with audiovisual production companies, expert professionals, audiovisual production, and post production.

  • Audiovisual production planning
  • Creation of nature and conservation stories for each episode
  • Experts (in biodiversity and audiovisual production)
  • Quality wildlife audiovisual recording
  • A lot of learning about the implications of developing an audiovisual project.
  • New ways of communicating about biodiversity and conservation
  • It has been important to reflect on the importance of the sites where conservation actions are carried out.

Biodiversity awareness

We were aware of the local biodiversity, and at the same time we knew what we were looking to show in terms of biological importance and possible national and international audience interest.

In addition, we consider the product to be very valuable in terms of photographic record.

- Presence of endemic and/or restricted birds

- Fauna and flora monitoring

- Constant field trips

- Relevant photographic and video recordings, in good quality.

- Equipment and materials available

The dedication we had in the wildlife observation activity was important. Also the previous wildlife records were important, thanks to the fact that we had adequate equipment and informative material to build the stories.

Another important lesson was to provoke interest in all participants. It is important to remember that the series was recorded in different spaces and our work was also to integrate the people who work here in the making of the series, their participation was key.

Partnerships & Collaboration

From the conception of the PREDICT project through to today’s day-to-day laboratory management, partners working effectively across sectors has been an essential building block. The PREDICT project brought conservation and health nonprofits and Malaysian federal and local government departments together to collaborate on zoonotic disease surveillance. Over the last 10 years the WHGFL has been able to expand into new surveillance, genetic, and forensic research as capacity is built through open and productive collaboration. The Sabah Wildlife Department has scaled up their involvement increasing their funding for the WHGFL each year and leading the management committee. The management committee ensures the multiple projects utilizing the small laboratory are coordinated and organized, especially as new projects come on board and the scope of work expands.

A One Health approach was employed at every step, ensuring priorities of different sectors were heard and respected. Siloed sectors were brought together to meet a shared goal of conservation through zoonotic disease screenings that promoted human and wildlife health. By highlighting the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health, collaboration, instead of competition, was emphasized and promoted. Wildlife disease screening results provided Sabah State Health Department with actionable data to inform risk mitigation policies at the state level.

Multiple partners were involved with the renovation of an empty building to create a laboratory meeting international biosafety and biosecurity standards, and while the initial investment was from outside sources, in recent years local leadership has taken on a larger role in management. The success of the PREDICT project demonstrated the importance of the laboratory to local and global research efforts, earning a larger investment, both financial and bandwidth-wise, from local leaders. This has allowed budding partnerships to further develop and deepen over time.