Enhance local laboratory diagnostic capacities

In order to facilitate the detection of potential pathogens on samples collected during the PREDICT surveillance activities, low-cost viral family-level consensus PCR assays were implemented at PREDICT´s local partner laboratory (IBMB) for detection of 12 different viral families of public health importance in wildlife. Also, to increase the diagnostic capacity of the Ministry of Health reference laboratories, CENETROP and INLASA, both laboratories received the PREDICT PCR protocols to detects prioritized families of viruses of zoonotic potential (coronaviruses, hantaviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, alphaviruses, paramyxoviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses, henipaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, poxviruses and rhabdoviruses). In addition, primers and synthetic universal controls were donated to those laboratories for the detection and discovery of known and novel viruses in wildlife.

The existence of laboratories with technical and physical capacities to run PCR tests in wildlife samples under save conditions, is crucial. Laboratory technicians should be interested and willing to implement new protocols and do research in collaboration to the field staff so that results can be properly interpreted.

Rapid detection and identification of pathogens is fundamental to prevent diseases at the wildlife-human interphase. Thus, establishing local laboratory capacities and identifying strategies for its sustainability in developing countries has to be a priority in any strategy aiming to improve human and animal (including wildlife) health.

School Based Management Solutions

Practical implementation guidelines strengthen school based management.

Integration of measures in school routines and improvement of planning, promoting community involvement and participation. School-level monitoring and budgeting are supported by the program through practical implementation guidelines to strengthen school-based management.

  • Integration of measures in school improvement planning is a straighforward way to ensure time and resource allocation for activities and improvements. For that, it is necessary that school management considers school health and WinS as part of their core tasks
  • Community involvement and participation are the most powerful tool to achieve improvements despite limited government budgets for infrastructure and materials. District level officials can play an important facilitating role in that process
  • School level monitoring and budgeting need to be based on understanding the benchmarks that need to be achieved, the current status, and take into account available resources from Ministry side and community support
Capacity Development

Large-scale capacity development embedded in the education system.

WinS Massive Open Online Courses are conducted to build management and leadership capacities of staff at the school and division levels. Between 2019 and 2021 a number of 22,500 educators have enrolled in the course.

Knowledge products such as manuals and videos are produced to provide practical implementation guidelines.

Seven International Learning Exchanges serve as capacity building through exchange of ideas and best practices to trigger action and improve implementation.

  • Training roll-out should consider long-term feasibility: by utilizing existing Ministry meeting structures (e.g. the district education advisor´s regular technical meetings with school principals) can keep costs at a minimum and help to focus the content into digestible chunks
  • When designing larger scale capacity measures, such as online courses for education sector personnel, best utilize existing Ministry platforms for training delivery and seek accreditation for the course as part of the development process to create in-system incentives for personnel to complete the course
Supportive Policies

Supportive policy and frameworks guide implementation.

The programme works closely with the Ministries of Education in the development of national WASH in Schools policies and their implementation guidelines.

  • Supporting WASH in Schools (WinS) and school health policy development facilitates anchoring and focusing implementation processes and key interventions
  • Supporting the development of implementation guidelines allows for practical application of policies
  • Developing and locally contextualizing the WinS Three Star Approach (UNICEF/GIZ 2013) – an integrated monitoring and recognition system, that encourages stepwise improvements - proved invaluable to illustrate for countries in the region, how they could advance WinS with existing resources and structures
Intersectoral Collaboration

Alignment of relevant sectors (health & WASH) under the leadership of the education sector.

 

The program works on strengthening intersectoral working groups, setting clear roles and coordination mechanisms at all levels, integration of public health topics in education sector policies and structures, and provides platforms for international learning exchange.

  • A school health or WASH in schools policy serves as a solid basis for clarifying roles with other sectors and to coordinate collaboration. 
  • A policy framework supports alignment and harmonization of development partner support. 
  • Regular exchange and joint decision-making through e.g. a technical working group facilitates moving the topic foward and keeping all relevant actors involved. 
Early Warning System

Through a fully functioning integrated health monitoring system for people, habitat and habituated apes and other wildlife, an early warning system was created. The aim is to detect prevalent diseases early and prevent its spreading within wildlife or human population through improved collaboration with public health and civil society actors. The Health monitoring system comprises:

Health condition of habituated gorillas are monitored daily. The Primate Habituation Programme was started by WWF back in 1997 and is one of the main pillars of the conservation work in Dzanga-Sangha ever since. Habituation has started in Campo Ma'an since 4 years. 

A variety of methods are used to investigate the spread of zoonotic pathogens in the natural habitat, such as collecting monthly faecal and urine samples from the gorillas and, less frequently, from mangabeys, collecting vectors such as carrion flies, and regularly taking swab and necropsy samples from carcasses. These are then analysed in the field laboratory.

Conservation and ecotourism employees and their families receive annual health checkups and vaccinations, and are closely monitored in suspected cases.

  • an operational field laboratory for the collection and analysis of samples from wildlife, 
  • continous health monitoring of the habituated gorillas; 
  • regular health monitoring of conservation and ecotourism staff and their families.

 

  • The long-term cooperation with RKI/HIOH has contributed to the professionalisation of the field laboratories through equipment, training and knowledge exchange.
  • Preventive health surveillance and the consideration of human, wildlife and habitat health within a One Health concept proved to be very effective in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. Quick and targeted intervention was possible.

  • Peer-to-peer training and knowledge exchange between the two sites has substantially improved performance in Campo Ma'an.

Successful outcomes

We hope to share our experience in integrated management with protected areas with similar situations and learn more from them. Therefore, we have jointly launched the Forum for UNESCO multi-designated sites with Shennongjia Global Geopark in China, Chilento Global Geopark in Italy and Azores Island Global Geopark in Portugal to exchange experience in integrated management.

In 2021, our research on integrated management of Huangshan got support from UNESCO seed funding. GGN newsletter and China News Agency both made special reports on the integrated management of Huangshan. We were invited to introduce the experience of integrated management at the UNESCO training course on biosphere reserves in Northeast Asia. At the 9th UNESCO International Geopark Conference, we shared Huangshan's experience in applying the Green List standard to promote integrated management.

1. Our integrated management has achieved certain results

2. Cross industry communication

3.Networking of the 3 UNESCO designations

Networking is mutually beneficial, and achievements can be actively exchanged and shared.

Capacity building in internal/external partnerships and articulation

Capacity building in the creation of alliances and the articulation between the different organizations that make up the CL of a CBI are essential for the efficient execution of measures aimed at improving the environmental conditions of the territory. This will be composed of people with different professions, vocations, levels of knowledge and experience. It is important to offer spaces to train them on topics underlying the actions of an IWC: ecology fundamentals, conservation concepts, current regulations, political-administrative processes, etc. A common understanding of these bases will create a better environment for internal collaboration and cooperation. When developing strategies and action plans for the territory, the limited resources available will make it necessary to seek contributions from third parties: research, project financing, articulation of CBI measures with municipal management instruments, and transfer of knowledge and technology. This external articulation can only be successful through coordination and collaboration with other entities in the territory, CBI members should be instructed and trained in methods and good practices for the creation of intersectoral alliances, and regularly exchange lessons learned.

  • Multilevel and interdisciplinary coordination favors articulation in all directions and assertive relationships in the CBI territory. To this end, it is essential to develop a strategy based on detailed stakeholder mapping.
  • Partnerships with the private sector make it possible to obtain fresh goods and resources for the implementation of measures in the territory; they also encourage other actors to become part of the CL.
  • The articulation with academia facilitates resources to develop social and environmental projects and research in the CBI.
  • The communities in the territory of the CBIs are fundamental actors for the implementation of concrete measures. To this end, it is necessary to identify and create alliances with community leaders and spokespersons. At the beginning, a reasonable amount of time should be allowed to establish a relationship of trust.
  • When incorporating new actors as members or allies of the CBI, it is important to recognize and respect the roles and responsibilities previously established, as well as the dynamics and organizational levels of the CBI.
  • The training provided by the CBIs can be open to the general public, so that all sectors can take advantage of them and facilitate the exchange of knowledge and information among the actors. In addition, it provides visibility to the CBI and a space to promote the achievements and impacts of the work of the CL.
Biodiversity responsible touristic offer

Bosque La Tigra developed an attractive tourist product for international and national visitors, communities, and students that aspire to connect with nature and learn from local biodiversity. This tourist product will stand out as an offer that was created with a high sense of environmental responsibility and serves as an example, inspiration, showcase, and replicable model for international and national organizations.

Bosque La Tigra offers guided tours, an interactive walking trail where visitors can learn about the rainforest, local biodiversity, and wildlife. Visitors can enjoy 4 km of trails across primary and secondary forests. The trails are interpreted with signs of the most representative tree species of the forests, with information such as scientific name, common name, and the natural history or a brief description of the species. Visitors can also visit the tree nursery and pick a native tree to plant at the reserve. The reserve also carries out wildlife monitoring activities, installing camera traps that register videos and photographs of the fauna that live at the reserve. Visitors can also see the installation of the cameras and observe videos and photos of local fauna.

  • The proximity of protected forests and the ones it safeguards makes Bosque La Tigra a perfect place to develop a touristic offer that takes advantage of healthy ecosystems and work within its limits, ensuring sustainable use and the conservation of biodiversity.
  • Travel to Nature business engagement with sustainable ecotourism and its vision to design a touristic offer that combines exclusive travel experiences with sustainability are key aspects to carry out this kind of business model.
  • Tourism trends worldwide show an increasing need to experience sustainable offers and journeys, in this sense, Bosque La Tigra manages to fulfill the need of this segment and seize the opportunities that these trends offer to ecotourism.
Environmental education: Bosque La Tigra Rainforest School

Bosque La Tigra built a biological station in the reserve that serves as a rainforest school, a place for learning and discovering the forest. Students, tourists families, and visitors can have a first-hand experience at Bosque La Tigra and enjoy the outdoor activities in the reserve.

Families can visit Bosque La Tigra and enjoy a unique experience embedded in the tropical forest. Bosque La Tigra is also a welcoming space for schools and high schools of La Tigra and surroundings, where students can learn about the tropical rainforest, its dynamics, and local biodiversity. The biological station of Bosque La Tigra has classrooms to give lessons for the local communities that are undergoing training in tourist guidance, entrepreneurship, among other topics.

Bosque La Tigra has focused on creating alliances with universities, schools, and learning institutes to cooperate and implement environmental education programs and other training at the biological station. The Project also offers overnight accommodation for students groups to develop outdoor courses and training.

  • Bosque La Tigra has harnessed the benefit of having a unique classroom right outside the biological station: the tropical rainforest. This is an essential feature of the reserve and makes it attractive for visitors and student groups.

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Bosque La Tigra adjusted the overnight accomodations to lodge smaller groups. Initially, they were designed to accomodate large groups, but after the social distancing recomendations this aspect was redesigned. Now, Bosque La Tigra can lodge small groups of students, visitors, families and social bubbles.