Monitoring and being vigilant and active in implementation

Though ensuring the registration of a surf break is no easy task, it is critical to ensure thata once a surf break is recognized and registered, actions are taken to ensure that the promises and advantages of protection are delivered to all actors, and local fishing communities in particular. This building bloc implies, for example: regular capacity building and interaction with children and youngsters; cleaning of beaches campaigns; recognition of local champions and leaders; monitoring development initiatives (e.g. in infraestructure which may affect a surf break), regular mettings with local actors to explore ways in which the local environment an be improved, etc.    

1. Good relations with local communities and all involved actors. 

2. Available resources to undertake montoring and vigilance activities and actions. 

3. Permanent travel and visits by Do it for Your Wave to each registered surk break. 

4. Good communications and networking activities.  

This particular building bloc is key in the step by step process suggested. Actual formal protection is almost a FIRST step in a more long term effort to ensure integrity of surf breaks and their surroundings. Resources need to undertake a close monitoring of what is happening oin each site, regularly. Things may change rapidly, including if agreements have been set to ensure for example, that no infraestructure affects these sites (negatively). This has proved to be  a key challenge as expectations by all actors are often high. Protecting the surf break should enable a tangible benefit to all. This needs to be documented carefully and disseminated to ensure all actors are aware about the positive change taking place. 

Working in partnership with key champions in the public sector

To achieve an effective protection of surf breaks, SPDA has built a very strong relationship with DICAPI and, in  particular, with the National Surfing Federation (FENTA)  with whom all actions are coordinated and campaigns discussed. Having a good relationship with with DICAPI  as the competent authority in registering the surf breaks is not a guarantee for success, but does facilitate actions taken as DICAPI realizes SPDA is a serious organization and is supported by a group of committed actors.  The relationship with FENTA is also very positive because FENTA is the key national institution which promotes surf and related sports.   

1. Leadership and seriousness - on behalf of institutions leading protection initiative. 

2. Good relationships with public institutions which are key in promoting and managing the surf breaks protection regime/system.  

Legal and administrative procedures are not mathematical: they imply levels of interpretation, discussion, and interaction with authorities and officials of DICAPI, FENTA and even the protected areas authority to discuss how the system for the protection of surf breaks might interact with the protected areas regime. 

Participatory awareness raising and analysis

Legitimizing the formal recognition and protection of a surf break is key to ensuring sustainability and maintainance of the site over the long term. Meetings to explain the advantages of protecting the surf break and its multiplicatory effect, enables direct actors at the local level in particular to commit to the idea and be the direct agents of change and local protection. Likewise, involving local authorities facilitates broad consensus towards a common goal shared by all participants. This is achieved through local workshops and incidence activities.   

1. Good alliances and reliable partnerships with key actors. 

2. Good communication skills. 

3. Detailed understanding of advantages and potential challenges to be met by actors.  

1. It is not always easy to find a common goal among all actors or stakeholders with an interest in the surf breaks and their surrounding areas of influence. 

2. Though the surf break is per se the central object of protection, it is important to highlight and ensure people understand that the overall effort goes beyond the surf break.  We are trying to protect interests related to small scale fisheries; tourism; marine environments; and sustainable development opportunities. 

3. Organizing local meetings with key actors is not always easy given their daily working agendas. To overcome this, it is key to adapt to these dynamic agendas and respond accodingly. 

Commission for the management and protection of sea turtles.

1.By consensus of the interested parties, INCOPESCA, ADIO, UCR, and SINAC created a commission of co-management and created a legal framework established with executive decree DAJ-020-2005, in order to work together and this group of Co-management launches a management plan for the conservation and sustainable use of turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting on Ostional beach.

The SINAC and INCOPESCA authorization and supervision of the Ostional Development Association (ADIO) to use eggs as a means of subsistence (consumption and sale). The community benefits from consumption of the egg as food and also to receive the economic resources that are distributed between people and social welfare, while contributing to the conservation of the turtle, through the cleaning of the beach and the care Of turtle hatchlings.

 

Leaning from the results of the first phase (2006-2011) progress was made in fulfilling population recovery objectives. The analysis of research advances made in the last five years and the sessions valuation that each of the actors did on experiences informed the 2013 – 2016 5-year plan; so did negotiations and agreements between the parties.

Representatives of the ADIO, UCR, INCOPESCA and SINAC developed jointly and by consensus four products that were the basis for the development of the new five-year management proposal:

  • A basic characterization of the roles of the actors and the main elements of their experience, which identified the keys to a successful plan for future use.
  • An interpretation framework as reference to outline the guidelines of the use plan for the next five years;
  • the principles governing the plan
  • general and specific rules and objectives.
Status Quo Assessment and Management Plan

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Identification of Value Addition Opportunities

The goal of bush control is savanna ecosystem rehabilitation, fostering biodiversity and balanced habitats with woody species and grasses. Bush value chains have emerged as a solution, turning a rehabilitation byproduct into an economic opportunity, prioritizing landscape diversity and large tree preservation to enhance natural controls.

 

Opportunities for value addition range from low-tech, labor-intensive to high-tech, capital-intensive products. The choice depends on factors like available resources, land rights, location, capital, expertise, market access, and local conditions.

 

The heart of value addition is the selection of bush control or harvesting methods. This pivotal decision marks the start of potential value chains. Multiple methods exist, varying in efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental sustainability, including large-scale mechanical control, heavily mechanized control, manual and semi-mechanized control, and chemical control.

Farmers and companies enter the growing bush biomass sector. Current value chains involve global charcoal, local firewood, and small-scale production. The sector optimizes, diversifies, and scales. Key catalysts:

  1. Financial Resources: Opportunities align with available finances.

  2. Skilled Labor: Skilled workers ensure sustainability and efficiency.

  3. Technical Equipment: Specialized gear handles hard wood and minerals

Developing bush-based industries in Namibia is vital for financing sustainable bush thinning efforts. Abundant biomass offers economic opportunities: 

  • Customization for Local Context: International tech must align with local conditions.
  • Co-financing in Low-Income Areas: Subsidies promote participation.
  • SME Outsourcing for Cost Efficiency: SMEs cut costs for landowners.
  • Cooperation & Knowledge Exchange: Sector bodies like Namibian Biomass Industry Group and Charcoal Association enhance innovation.

Namibia's robust bush-based industry restores ecosystems and fosters sustainable financing. Biomass abundance fuels diverse, optimized value chains. With catalysts and lessons, Namibia creates a valuable, sustainable "restoration economy" pooling private sector resources per ecological restoration principles and economic opportunities.

Enabling Environment & Sector Coordination

Namibia prioritizes addressing bush encroachment, driven by the emergence of bush value chains. Localized farm-level measures yielded mixed results, necessitating a national framework: the National Strategy on the Sustainable Management of Bush Resources (2022-2027). This strategy aims to optimize bush resource utilization, safeguard sustainability, and benefit all Namibians while enhancing environmental outcomes.

 

Governance involves various sectors. Environmental and forestry sectors focus on land rehabilitation, sustainability, and management. Industrialization and trade support value chains. Agriculture seeks sustainable rangeland management to prevent encroachment.

 

Due to the cross-sectoral nature, a National Coordinating Body is crucial for collaboration, knowledge exchange, adaptive management, and informed decision-making.

Key factors enabling guidance on bush control, a shared vision, and sustainable bush value chains include:

  1. Stakeholders steering committee: A diverse committee provided policy direction and technical guidance, fostering cross-sectoral coordination and clear mandates.

  2. Sector associations: Organizations like the Charcoal Association of Namibia (CAoN) and Namibia Biomass Industry Group (N-BiG) support policy advocacy, research, investments, and market development.

  3. Policy harmonization locally and globally:

Active work in the biomass sector by multiple stakeholder kick-started the discourse on the potential of biomass and has influenced the investigation into the formulation of new policies. The following lessons are learnt:

 

  1. Time: The process of facilitating discussion aimed at formulating policies and enabling framework shifts takes time. Buy-in for the necessary policy changes challenging and will be a much longer process, to secure higher-level commitment. Consistency is required in collecting information for policy makers, open stakeholder engagements and collaboration with the policymakers, academia and subject experts.
  2. Lack of public budget: minimal to lack of government budget dedicated to addressing bush encroachment led to limited commitment to key strategic decisions.
Integrated vulnerability analysis at national and local level

The vulnerability assessment was carried out for three periods: the status quo in 2014, the period 2030-2060 and the period 2070-2100. The assessment follows the eight-step approach described in GIZ’s Vulnerability Sourcebook, and was supplemented by a scientific modeling of the impacts of climate change for Burundi.

The study was carried out by three institutions (Adelphi, EURAC, PIK) in collaboration with GIZ / ACCES and its partners. Four national workshops were held with all relevant stakeholders. A group of experts was created to advise and direct the process. Activities at the local level at the selected project sites were carried out in close collaboration with local governmental and non-governmental actors and the local population.

The results of the assessment were presented in the form of vulnerability maps for the three factors of erosion, drought and malaria prevalence. Highly vulnerable areas have been identified to guide the identification of three pilot watersheds. In these watersheds, local vulnerability assessments were conducted to identify local challenges and appropriate adaptation measures.

  • National Workshops: enabled participants (government and civil society) to better understand the process and to share their perspectives and expertise on the topic.
  • Establishment of an expert group composed of experts from various Burundian ministries and institutions: important for the ownership of the process itself and its results.
  • Integration of vulnerability assessment into the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process in Burundi.
  • Data availability was a major challenge. Most government records are not classified and documents and information are incomplete. Aggregate data are often only available at the national and provincial levels, making it difficult to communicate at the local level.
  • The results of the vulnerability assessment form the basis for integrating climate change adaptation into national and local investment policies, strategies and plans. Other actors can use this experience and information for adaptation planning.
  • The methodology used to assess vulnerability in Burundi is based on a standardized methodology, which allows for replication.
Scientific cooperation

Joint migratory bird monitoring programmes and support of common scientific and management projects to promote conservation and management of the natural resources of the Wadden Sea and Banc d’Arguin. The ambition is for the two sites to take lead in simultaneous counts along the entire East Atlantic Flyway in order to get a full picture on the status of migratory bird populations using the flyway. Research on migratory birds in the Wadden Sea and Banc d'Arguin is closely interconnected and significant for all other wintering, breeding and staging sites along the flyway. Thus, only scientific cooperation can reach a holistic perception of the flyway and a common basis for successful management.

Shared research questions and similarities of nature sites.

Cultural differences lead to different understanding of monitoring and scientific research, e.g. different approaches to scientific research and monitoring had to be viewed and discussed to find a common path.

Exchange of know-how

Regular exchange visits and exchange of know-how between experts and site managers. These meetings are means of capacity building with harmonised values and methods taught and practiced both in Banc d’Arguin and the Wadden Sea. Common monitoring and management methods are harmonized and a shared level of knowledge and understanding is created. Participants are scientists, site managers and other experts of the respective protected areas.

The exchange visits of experts and managers are funded by the Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation and partners in the countries, e.g. the national parks. From the beginning, all partners on regional and national level of the MOU understood the advantages to enhance the conservation of their WH properties and especially migratory bird along the East Atlantic Flyway.

Cultural differences lead to different understanding of nature conservation and management, e.g. the diverse views on nature conservation has to be acknowledged on both sites in order to define common goals and methods of managing the sites.