The objective of implementing native plant nurseries is to promote forest plantations in thickets and/or agroforestry, which contribute to carbon sequestration, do not degrade the soil and do not consume much water as eucalyptus or pine. This will contribute to water regulation and protect the soil from erosion. In turn, these species have economic value and are of practical use to the community because they are an important source of wood for carpentry, construction, firewood and charcoal, as well as being melliferous (used by bees to produce honey), medicinal (they cure various diseases, such as digestive, respiratory, renal, etc.) and useful for dyeing fabrics (they give different colors). In addition, Polylepis forests are in danger of extinction and currently form relict forests in patches. Thus, the community plants to produce trees and shrubs; they know and practice good management and value the importance of Jalca's native trees and shrubs. The process goes from the collection of vegetative material for propagation to the planting of the seedlings produced in the selected sites. They are implemented by combining traditional and technical knowledge and with communal work such as mingas.

The objective of this measure is to prevent water loss by retaining water, increasing its capture, and preventing and controlling erosion during periods when rainfall is more intense. To this end, we are working to protect meadows, water sources and springs with live fences planted with native species of queñuales (such as Polylepis incana or Polylepis racemosa), mainly, as well as colle(Budleja sp.), elder(Sambucus peruviana) and alder(Alnus spp), and stone piles. At the same time, the ecosystem's capacity to continue generating services for the communities and resist climate variations is maintained and increased, thanks to the fact that the organized population cares for, protects and conserves the springs, meadows, grasslands, grasslands and forests of the Jalca or upper part of the basin, and makes good use of the water.

The selection of forest species is based on traditional knowledge about the species that are best suited for the intended purpose. Thus, it is built by combining traditional knowledge with technical knowledge and participatory community work such as mingas, which integrate and increase social cohesion.

Within the concept of integrated management of the family plot, water harvesting was one of the most important points to make the process sustainable. In this sense, it was sought that the Jalca communities strengthen their water culture and use it efficiently and conserve the ecosystem that provides it, taking into account that it is likely that water scarcity will increase due to the effects of climate change. Thus, the farming family incorporated the efficient use of water and its conservation as a fundamental aspect of their development, making the most of water runoff during the rainy season through family micro-irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. The objective was to harvest, augment and use water. The land micro-irrigation systems were built by combining traditional and technical knowledge, within the framework of communal family work called "mingas", which strengthen social organization and the values of mutual support and social cohesion between families and the community. In addition, the PPA Project provided part of the food, some of the necessary tools and materials, as well as technical guidance and accompaniment in the process. The local government provided machinery and fuel for digging the wells.

The Jalca's Participatory Management Plan (PMP) is a document that was developed with the participation of leaders, authorities and community members, which establishes the programmatic and action framework to achieve management objectives in the short, medium and long term (10 years). The PMP reflects the main needs of the communities in terms of threats, analyzed with the communities in order to minimize these threats together. The active participation of both men and women, as well as people from all generations of the community, was sought in its preparation. The plan consists of 5 components that allow planning, in a collective analysis, actions for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and water. These components take into account the socio-environmental problems and threats identified in the socio-ecological diagnosis and in the prioritization of threats for this micro-watershed, including both local anthropic pressures and the adverse effects of climate change. Its purpose is to promote a process of social change, management and implementation of sustainable alternatives for the conservation of the Jalca. The PMP becomes a dynamic instrument for the management and sustainable management of the Jalca at the community level.

The mechanism of retribution for ecosystem services Quiroz-Chira Water Fund (FAQCH) has been created with the purpose of channeling economic resources from the users of the lower basin of the Quiroz, Macará and Chira system to implement conservation and sustainable development actions in the upper basin, being the community of Samanga one of the beneficiaries of the Fund since 2014.

For this, the community must annually prioritize up to two activities and develop a proposal that is reviewed and approved by the FAQCH, for which an agreement is signed with the community for the implementation of the proposal.

The FAQCH brings together five public institutions (municipalities of Ayabaca and Pacaipampa), irrigation boards (San Lorenzo and Chira) and NGOs (Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional), who contribute on an ongoing basis, in cash or in value, to finance the proposals from the communities of the upper watershed. The good governance characteristics of the fund give it the confidence of its members (participatory, transparent and accountable). This process has matured with the support of public and private organizations and successive cooperation contributions, and is now in a scaling-up phase.

An essential factor in the integration of key aspects of climate change and biodiversity into territorial planning at the municipal level was the strengthening of local capacities in territorial planning, ecosystem services and adaptation to climate change. This was done at the level of municipal administrations, personnel from Colombia's National Natural Parks and protected areas, and local communities. Equally important was knowledge management to provide inputs that facilitate the development of public policy proposals in this area. Such is the case of the preparation of diagnoses of the Basic Land Management Plans in the two municipalities, to analyze the degree of inclusion of PAs and generate recommendations for greater integration; the preparation of diagnoses and identification of ecosystem services, to make visible the importance of PAs in territorial development and in the quality of life of the surrounding population; and the identification of risks associated with climate change and adaptation strategies, based on local experiences, in order to contribute to the resilience of ecosystems in the context of land use planning.

In compliance with the goals established in the National Parks System's Institutional Action Plan and the SNAP Action Plan, Parks began the process of integrating PAs into national, regional and local technical instruments and public policy. With the issuance of Colombia's Organic Law of Territorial Planning by the Congress of the Republic and the creation of the Territorial Planning Commission (COT), made up of seven institutions, including the National Planning Department, which serves as Technical Secretary, the process of forming the Special Interinstitutional Committee (CEI) of the COT began. National Parks was included as one of the 6 institutions permanently invited to participate in the CEI, due to its efforts in public policy, the preparation of technical documents, and the development of 8 pilot cases in different regions of the country, with the aim of providing inputs for the formulation of the General Land Use Planning Policy, from a multilevel, interinstitutional and participatory approach. IUCN-South America proposes to be part of this national process by supporting the implementation of 2 of the pilot cases through the global project "Integrated Land Use Planning for Biodiversity".

For the successful application of the approach, sustainable and integrative forest management needs not only to be piloted and practiced on the ground but also integrated into national strategies, development plans, and long-term forest management planning and monitoring. Consequently, it is equally important to work with forest tenants on the local level as to mainstream the approach on the national level.

The Join Forest Management approach has been anchored in the Forest Code of Tajikistan in 2011. This builds the legal basis of the implementation and accelerates the further dissemination to other parts of the country. Since 2016, a more integrative forest management is practiced for which an inter-sectoral dialogue has been established. This inter-sectoral dialogue facilitates to address environmental, economic and social challenges beyond the mandate of the forest agency. Forest monitoring and management planning are being strengthened through support to the forest inspection unit. Only if a forest management planning system and a forest monitoring structure are in place, an approach such as the integrative forest approach can be out scaled throughout the country and mismanagement, corruption, and wide-scale violations of regulations (e.g. grazing on forest plots) prevented. 

Competence development of forest tenants and of State Forest Enterprises (SFE) is likewise an important element of integrative forest management.

On the one hand, training on forest management techniques is required either directly for the forest tenants, who are often new to forest management, or for the local forester and other employees of the SFE. The training includes silvio-cultural techniques, such as grafting and pruning, and management of fruit tree species. On the other hand, training on the rights and responsibilities of the two contract parties, the forest tenant, and the SFE is needed.

Additionally, a modular training for forest tenants and foresters to encourage a landscape perspective when planning forest management activities has been developed. Within these training modules, the tenants identify threats and vulnerabilities of their communities and learn how re-and afforestation can be a suitable disaster risk reduction strategy. Further, land use conflicts on forest land are addressed and the training provides a platform to exchange and identify solutions, e.g. regulating if, when and how much livestock can graze on forest plots. Moreover, forest tenants learn about the benefits of diverse forest areas and the benefits of planting and grafting local tree species.

By applying a landscape perspective to forest management, the ecosystem as a whole is considered. For this solution, a special focus has been given to biodiversity, climate change adaptation, and pasture management.

A diverse forest plot has multiple benefits for the forest tenant. Firstly, the tenant has a diverse harvest which contributes to food and nutation security. Secondly, species diversity reduces the risk of pests and increases the soil fertility. Thirdly, diverse forests provide a habitat for pollinators, which are crucial for fruit and nut trees.

Tajikistan is prone to disasters, further reinforced by overharvested natural resources and climate change having fierce impacts. Landslides and droughts are common phenomena but the frequency and intensity have increased significantly. Forest cover on slopes and along river banks are an important adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategy.

Further, livestock is frequently grazing on forest areas, as pastures are scarce and the limited land available overused and degraded. Forest grazing reduces ground cover, impedes the root system, and hinders natural forest regeneration. Therefore, grazing must be addressed together with the forest tenants and solutions identified that go beyond the prohibition of grazing in forests.