Community and gender oriented Ecosystem-based adaptation measure: The Monte Serrat case, Brazil

The sense of community on Monte Serrat and surrounding hills was fundamental to choose an active social participation approach. After all, it is the people living there who feel the impacts caused by climate change, such as landslides. The frequent visits by the Municipality Hall (Civil Defense) and the constant contacts with locals were extremely important to gain the trust of the community, especially to engage young people and more recent residents in the area. 

The relocated families were invited to participate in the workshops to value their history and the ties built in the region and  to take advantage of the benefits of the EbA measure.

The strategy of the participatory approach, joint between public authorities, civil society and the assistance of ProAdapta, (i) built community knowledge about climate change and its link to local climate vulnerability and (ii) strengthened relationships of trust among the diversity of stakeholders involved. The high-risk areas that have been vacated need to be urgently and consensually designated before any attempt of reoccupation, therefore the urgency of the EbA workshops. 

Residents of other neighboring hillsides that suffer from the same landslide problems were invited to participate to replicate the methodology and upscale the solution.

The gender approach of Monte Serrat recognizes women as victims but also part of the solution. Climate change affects groups that are socially, environmentally, and economically vulnerable differently, be it women, indigenous peoples or communities. On the other hand, women's decision-making responses to climate risks can be faster and more efficient.

It is essential to think of solutions that respect the right to non-discrimination of these groups. Guided by international recommendations, gender mainstreaming favors the participation and equitable engagement of all people living in Monte Serrat. In addition, the idea was to promote representativeness in the technical staff responsible for implementing the EbA measures.

Gender equity was reinforced in all stages and resulted in greater participation of women, including pregnant, nursing and women with newborns and babies, without the embarrassment of bringing children to the workshop space. They were welcomed and given special attention through the support of the municipality's Secretariat of Social Assistance.

This made it possible for women to feel comfortable to contribute to the construction of EbA solutions that benefit them directly, by giving suggestions for a recreation area for their children with fruit trees that could be used in cooking.

In the period at the end of 2019 and beginning of 2020, together with the Community Association, dialogues began to plan the implementation of the EbA proposal. The suggestions of residents, city hall technicians and the GIZ team were observed. However, in February and March 2020 there were torrential rains (extreme events) that caused landslides on Monte Serrat and other hills in the municipality, causing death in some of them and destruction of homes, making it impossible to continue the work.

While the community was recovering and restructuring, the COVID pandemic began and, with that, the cancellation of all the activities of the actors involved. During this period, the community also remained united, seeking to minimize the damage caused by job losses and illnesses caused by the pandemic.

In the brief period between the end of the rains and the beginning of the pandemic, the city's technicians started to recover the slopes of some hills by planting native species according to the EbA methodology learned. However, the pandemic prevented the continuation of all work on Monte Serrat and on the other hills.

After adapting to the new pandemic scenario, during 2020 and 2021 virtual meetings were held in order to monitor the situation of the community, to resume activities and plan the Communication project.

The EbA measure was discussed and included as a practical implementation measure during the development of the following public policies in the region: (a) PACS - Santos Climate Action Plan 

(b) Municipal Plan for Recovery and Conservation of the Atlantic Forest (PMMA) (c) Subnational adaptation governance study and (d) São Paulo State Adaptation Plan under the Race to Resilience

The construction of these plans and guides was made with the involvement of a large number of diverse actors, were approved and will be launched on January 2022.

While the inception phase of the EbA measure at Monte Serrat, in 2019 the elaboration of the PMMA and PACS began to be discussed and were finally approved in 2021. Since the beginning, the PMMA applied the EbA cycle and gender equity and climate change lens. 

The EbA methodology was characterized as a common goal of the multi sectors that encouraged diverse political will and allowed the integration between environmental, urban and risk reduction policies in the municipality of Santos. Public policies institutionalizing enables EbA enhancement, replication and involvement of the private sector.