Village Ranger System
There are 18 villages that have traditional land rights inside the park boundaries. First 4-5 rangers per village were selected by the community based on their willingness to become rangers, knowledge of the area and having time available. The first teams were set up and trained to start villager trail mapping. Payment fee for biodiversity monitoring and patrolling was agreed through negotiations and based on a fair compensation for the hard and dangerous work of hiking in the mountains. The division of the park in village responsibility areas designates the village ranger working areas. Due to the different sizes, terrain and threats, some villages indicated the need for many more rangers and involvement of village militia or police. Now 110 villager rangers have been trained in use of GPS equipment and in the recording of sightings in coded booklets. They make regular trips into the park to record wildlife and threats (monitoring) and are involved in patrolling for law enforcement. The patrol frequency is adapted with the incoming information. As the village rangers know the area well, they are willing to go into very remote places and in very difficult circumstances where other rangers usually do not venture.
Identification and acceptance of the limitations by government: agreement to fill the gap left by government of people for patrolling. A system that government could support in future: as cheap as possible but an effective patrolling system; no ranger stations and part time workers. Use limited government resources as effectively as possible as staff does not know the area well and do not want to work under remote and difficult circumstances; make use of local knowledge and hardened people for ranger activities.
The system of village rangers depends on the willingness of all villagers to uphold the rules that they have established and agreed upon, as for the village rangers it is not possible to arrest their neighbors. Therefore it is important to have a separate ranger team focused on law enforcement from the government/outside. Village rangers only work in their own village managed area as trust between villages needs to be built. In the Hin Nam No the village ranger teams always include village militia or police who are authorized to carry arms which is a requirement to stop well equipped poachers. Training on monitoring, apprehension and other tasks needs to be done regularly. Clear processing of violators and support for poaching camp raids needs to be established. Feedback sessions are an important tool for exchange of information and improving effectiveness.