By decomposing organic matter, natural soil fertilizer can be generated from what is usually regarded as waste. Organic matter as weeds, leaves, cut grass, residuals from harvest, animal dung, ash, green and brown pruning material, kitchen waste, such as eggshells and vegetable peels and other organic materials are mixed and decomposed by microorganisms for producing long-acting manure.

Compost not only improves the soil structure but also its porosity, creating a better environment for the root system of plants. It also increases the permeability of heavy soils and reduces erosion and runoff by increasing the soil's water retention capacity.

Compost supplies a variety of macro and micronutrients and in general a significant amount of organic matter to the soil.

Compost also can be used for preparing liquid manure, a very quick-acting organic top dressing which can be applied if vegetables show a deficiency of nutrients or are in a phase when they need many nutrients, e.g. tomatoes after flowering. 

Given the climatic conditions in Tajikistan, with very dry summer and cold winter, compost is normally produced in pits. Most commonly, a two-pit system is recommended.