Apalancamiento de fondos para alternativas productivas sostenibles compatibles con la conservación (3)

En complemento al TDC, cumpliendo los Lineamientos de Sostenibilidad Financiera con apoyo de ANECAP y DRIS se apalancó proyectos de: fondos climáticos, cooperación Internacional, fondos concursables y alianzas con privados. Se inició con la promoción de la cadena de valor sostenible de cacao.

  • Las comunidades tenían parcelas instaladas de cacao convencional, aunque les faltaba mejorar sus prácticas
  • Existían árboles silvestres de cacao nativo “eshpe” en la RCY y las comunidades nativas
  • El gobierno local fomentaba el uso excesivo de agroquímicos para lograr altos volúmenes de cacao. Ante esto, hubo disposición de los Yánesha para (en ecosistemas secundarios comunales) cultivar cacao sin deforestación y con prácticas ambientalmente responsables mediante un paquete técnico validado con la Mesa técnica de cacao del distrito de Palcazu.
  • Se creó la empresa social KO´WEN POETSATH, conformada por las comunidades y el ECA AMARCY para mejorar los precios en mercados especiales y disminuir la intermediación en beneficio de las comunidades.
  • Se tienen tres tipos de cacao: CCN51, el cacao aromático (criollo) identificado en 2019 y se descubrió el cacao nativo “eshpe” (que ganó el 2019, el XIII concurso nacional de cacao de calidad reconocido en el evento del Salón del Chocolate).
  • Se busca una producción de alta calidad, actualmente el cacao nativo y convencional (grano y derivados) tienen la marca “Aliados por la conservación” otorgada por SERNANP para productos asociados a ANP y se promueve un reconocimiento de producción cero deforestación (monitoreado por el PNCBMCC). Esto permitirá el acceso a mercados que reconocen mejoras técnicas en la cosecha y postcosecha y por lo tanto los precios de venta.
  • A futuro se continuará las mejoras en la producción y otros requisitos para acceder a certificaciones de comercio justo y orgánico, con el fin de reconocer la conservación de los boques y la biodiversidad.
Construcción de la institucionalidad coordinada para la vigilancia integral de las amenazas a la Reserva Comunal Yanesha (2)

Con el liderazgo de la cogestión SERNANP-ECA AMARCY, se ha construido una estrategia integral de vigilancia de la RCY, su zona de amortiguamiento y su paisaje asociado, elaborando herramientas unificadas en coordinación con todas las instituciones responsables y promotoras de la vigilancia comunal.

  • Liderazgo del ECA AMARCY para elaborar la propuesta de vigilancia integral de la RCY, su zona de amortiguamiento y su paisaje asociado.
  • Apoyo técnico de ANECAP para la formulación de las propuestas de herramientas y procedimientos unificados de vigilancia comunal.
  • Disponibilidad de las instituciones promotoras de la vigilancia comunal al interior de la RCY (SERNANP) y fuera de la RCY en territorios comunales y la zona de amortiguamiento y paisaje asociado (PNCBMCC y el Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre - SERFOR)
  • Se elaboró un protocolo de vigilancia unificado utilizando los elementos solicitados por SERNANP, el PNCBMCC y SERFOR.
  • Como parte de la unificación de procedimientos, los vigilantes comunales capacitados por SERNANP- ECA AMARCY para la vigilancia dentro de la RCY deberían ser reconocidos también por el PNCBMCC y SERFOR para vigilar sus territorios comunales.
  • Las capacitaciones en vigilancia comunal de la cogestión SERNANP-AMARCY, PNCBMCC y SERFOR son canalizadas a través de la cogestión, para los vigilantes de las 10 comunidades del ECA AMARCY y vigilantes de anexos colonos.
  • Para implementar la estrategia integral de vigilancia, se elabora un Plan operativo anual que la cogestión ajusta al inicio de cada año y reporta su cumplimiento a las comunidades al finalizar el año.
  • Se aporta a tres NDC del Perú: a) Las TDC del PNCBMCC abarcan 17,866.00 ha conservadas; b) Patrimonio del Perú a través del Contrato de administración entre SERNANP y ECA AMARCY aporta con 34,000 ha conservadas c) Revalorización de saberes ancestrales medida de ANECAP-SERNANP para Reservas Comunales.
ECA AMARCY
Crear condiciones habilitantes para la intervención del Mecanismo TDC en las comunidades socias de la Reserva Comunal Yánesha (1)
Construcción de la institucionalidad coordinada para la vigilancia integral de las amenazas a la Reserva Comunal Yanesha (2)
Apalancamiento de fondos para alternativas productivas sostenibles compatibles con la conservación (3)
3. Action planning based on the outcome of the SAGE assessment

Development of an action plan after the SAGE process was very crucial as it ensured that recommendations provided in the SAGE process were addressed in a systematic and targeted manner whereby key stakeholders who participated in the SAGE process were also engaged in the action planning process hence, they drew the roadmap for implementation of those recommendations.

 

In addition, recommendations which came out of the SAGE process informed Honeyguide on areas of priority in designing WMA governance capacity building programs.

 

The overall successful preparation of an action plan after the SAGE process required the following;

  • A clear understanding of the assessment findings and recommendations provided
  • Clear goals and objectives to be achieved
  • Strong leadership and coordination with key stakeholders
  • Adequate resources
  • Willingness and commitment from all key stakeholders.

Overall success of the action planning phase based on the outcome of SAGE process provided an opportunity to learn important lessons related to;

  • Keen selection and active engagement of key stakeholders in the planning process
  • Thorough understanding of the local context
  • Effective prioritization and goal setting by all key stakeholders
  • Inclusiveness of all key stakeholders in adequate resource mobilization

These lessons learned can be used as a good source of information to future development planning and programming organs of the WMA and can help to ensure that development interventions are effective, inclusive, and sustainable over the long term.

Effective communication

Effective communication is an important aspect of the IMET assessment. Of course, effective communication between the project implementers and other stakeholders, including the funding institution(s), is needed during project development and implementation. However, in the IMET assessment, it is critical that the results of the assessment are effectively communicated to stakeholders. The stakeholders include those involved in the assessment and others who may not have participated. In our case, we organised an information sharing event at the national level to which different national stakeholders were invited. In addition to the presentations made at this event, information packs providing an analysis of the IMET results were shared with all participants. We also developed a summary results banner that was later deposited (and still is) at our project office. It is the first thing anyone sees when they walk into our office. We also developed simplified brochures in three local languages for community stakeholders.

A simple communication strategy was included in the project design. It detailed how results would be shared with stakeholders of different backgrounds.

To effectively communicate, we must acknowledge that we all perceive things differently. As a result, understanding others' social context must serve as a guide for our interactions with them, and we must use this understanding to choose the best means of communication. The methods you use to approach learned people or technocrats may not work for local communities. For instance, we found out that our local communities could not interpret the indices shown in our analysis report because, in their context, percentages did not mean anything. We therefore translated the indices into simplified explanations that they would make sense of.

Institutional (and financial) capacity for co-management of a MPA

The Toledo Institute for Development and Environment was established in 1997 by local communities in southern Belize to combat illegal fishing and harvesting of the West Indian Manatee. The organization aims to strengthen natural resource management and community stewardship within the Toledo landscape and seascape by supporting biodiversity and communities, whilst contributing to national sustainable development goals. 

 

Over the years, TIDE has successfully managed three protected areas, including the Port Honduras Marine Reserve. TIDE has continually demonstrated its capacity to effectively manage protected areas and in October 2022 its institutional knowledge enabled the NGO to add Cayman Crown to its portfolio as its fourth co-managed area in southern Belize.

  • TIDE has over 20 years of experience in the co-management of protected areas, including the Port Honduras Marine Reserve.

 

  • The NGO has a proven track record in successful fundraising for the management of protected areas. For example, TIDE had secured funding for an enforcement team to oversee management of Cayman Crown prior to obtaining co-management.

 

  • Adequate infrastructure at the field station to house the enforcement team and meet subsistence needs. This also showed commitment on behalf of TIDE to MBECA for long-term management of the site.

Having the proven experience and institutional knowledge in the field facilitated TIDE reaching to an agreement with the relevant government agencies for co-management of Cayman Crown. Likewise, having funding available to implement activities.

Strengthening partnerships to enhance management

A change in government administration in November 2020, brought the establishment of the Ministry of Blue Economy and Civil Aviation and a change in the National Co-Management Framework for Marine Protected Areas. The creation of the framework has been ongoing since 2020 and has delayed TIDE's application as co-manager of Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve. With funding commitments to conduct enforcement at the reserve, the delayed designation of TIDE as co-manager of the MPA meant a delay in effective management of the Cayman Crown reef.

 

With a limited timeframe for implementation, TIDE, MBECA and BFD signed an memorandum of understanding (MOU) for TIDE to co-manage Cayman Crown and two established FSA sites within SCMR. This required continuous communication among the entities that resulted in a mutual agreement valid for one year. A rollout of the National Co-Management Framework is expected for 2023. In the interim, Cayman Crown, a highly biodiverse reef found lying between the maritime borders of Belize and Guatemala, is being effectively managed through the strengthening of partnerships.

  • Willingness on the part of the Ministry of Blue Economy and Civil Aviation, Belize Fisheries Department, and TIDE to come to an agreement for co-management of the Cayman Crown.

 

  • Continuous communication among all entities involved during the process, especially in the development of the memorandum of understanding.

Continuous and open communication with government authorities is necessary improved collaboration and achievement of common goals, especially for the conservation of natural resources. 

Sustainable alternative livelihood

In order to manage parks sustainably, access to traditional resources is frequently restricted or changed. Such impacts must be reduced since local residents and resource users must directly or indirectly benefit from the MPA and be fully included in the solution. To steer local stakeholders away from the ongoing overexploitation of their mangrove and fishery resources, the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative revenue creation was created. Apiculture was chosen to demonstrate that income can be generated from mangroves and other plants without destroying them and losing their ecological benefits. This activity has strengthened the two fishing associations and illustrated that they can cooperate to execute activities outside of their "normal" operations, the members stand to gain from it.

  • Strengthening the existing beekeeping cooperative
  • Training beneficiaries in honey harvesting techniques and business management
  • Women (fishermen's wives) were more engaged than the actual fishermen who were busy spending long hours in the sea.
Environmental Education and Outreach

An important component of conserving the marine protected area is public education, communication, and increasing awareness about the value and vulnerability of the marine ecosystem. Capacity building activities were desperately needed and the project provided this opportunity to stakeholders including university students, local government officials, and FoProBiM employees. Everyone was glad to go outside and have real field experiences, which made the classes, both in the classroom and, in particular, the field, extremely well accepted. This was the first "large scale" activity that FoProBiM offered to many sectors, allowing them to meet each other, learn together and create new beneficial contacts. FoProBiM has conducted smaller, more directed activities similar to this in the past. As management operations for the 3-Bays continue to grow, this additional capacity will be crucial for all stakeholder groups.

  • Outreach activities should be integrated into a program 
  • Training for trainers; train community members to conduct activities
  • Stakeholder engagement
  • The addition of university students is key.
  • Activities carried out within the communities are more effective