The planting of Tengkawang seedlings and the provision of processing tools for the extraction of Tengkawang oil form the framework conditions for the production of Tengkawang butter and derived products. 
 

An adaptive capacity assessment was conducted with key institutions and communities who participated in the implementation of the final urban EbA measures, through face-to-face interviews and group discussions. It is important to note that there was a general acceptance of the need to respond to climate change in the long term and the importance of using climate information to inform decision-making. However, the Dong Hoi-specific, contextualised understanding about long-term climate risk management and adaptation planning is less clear. The focus of development planning and implementation relies mainly on grey infrastructure interventions while the possibilities of blue and green infrastructure were little known. Furthermore, existing ecosystems which the city provides are not preserved and valued or integrated in a meaningful way when new infrastructure projects are planned. For example, resorts have been built on dunes and promoted as eco-resorts while the dune system was removed for a better view which eventually will lead to flooding and seabank erosion during the typhoon season.  

Therefore, along with the implementation of pilot urban EbA measures, a capacity development strategy for relevant stakeholders at different levels was elaborated. Awareness raising and technical trainings for provincial leaders and technical staff which are responsible for planning and approval processes in the city were core activities. The focus of these capacity building activities was, on the one hand, the general knowledge on urban adaptation, urban EbA and climate change risk and, on the other hand, on green/blue/grey adaptation options with an emphasis on the meaningful consideration of existing ecosystems in planning and approval procedures. In addition, relevant awareness raising activities on urban EbA was also initiated and conducted for urban communities of Dong Hoi city. 

In six different stakeholder workshops, nearly 200 provincial and municipal leaders, technical and private sector staff who are responsible for decision making and urban planning have improved their knowledge and understanding on urban adaptation, urban EbA and climate risk management. They were also involved in the urban EbA study which helped them to learn about the process of identifying potential benefits of EbA measures as well as gaps and challenges caused by climate change impacts in the city. 

Two technical training courses on urban EbA and climate risk assessment tools were carried out for about 80 provincial and district technical staff who are responsible for development planning at different levels. The participants were equipped with technical knowledge and tools which they could apply in their daily work to assess climate risks and potential EbA measures to enhance resilience and ecosystem services in the planning processes.

Ten awareness raising events were conducted for about 600 local people of ten urban communities in Dong Hoi city to provide basic knowledge on climate change impacts, climate change adaptation and urban EbA. The events created interesting opportunities for local people to discuss, exchange and brainstorm on their challenges and difficulties caused by climate change impacts and agree upon feasible adaptation measures at community level. Most of them confirmed that this was very interesting and helpful for their areas. 

As a result of the activity, relevant training material was developed and published. Moreover, urban EbA was integrated into the Provincial Climate Change Respond Action Plan of Quang Binh province. 

At the stakeholder consultation workshop, three urban EbA measures were identified and selected to pilot in Dong Hoi city, including: 

1) The water retention measure aims to address flood risk through water retention and delayed runoff during flooding, and heat stress reduction in the core urban zone of Dong Hoi City. It integrates urban flood risk management, relieves pressure on Cau Rao River as the main floodway protecting the city, improves existing ecosystem health, and increases blue-green space for the city. The measure is designed with multiple urban EbA components, including (1) a water retention area for flood reduction, (2) permeable surfaces (e.g. grass, vegetation and pavement) for storing water runoff, (3) swales along the existing road to reduce runoff and infiltration of pollutants, (4) additional trees to provide shading and regulate microclimate, (5) a protected area for habitat and to enable scientific investigation.

2) The green wall and green roof measure aims to conserve green spaces in the municipality in the face of increasing pressure to develop the natural lands due to rapid urbanisation, contribute to the reduction of surface temperature and heat stress during hot summer months and flood risk mitigation, green-blue components (e.g. trees, vegetation layers...). The measure is designed with facade greening on exterior walls and a rooftop garden replaced the traditional corrugated iron-roof of the building adjacent to a rainwater harvesting system. 

3) The Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) aims to enhance the drainage system through applying a nature-based approach in the construction and operation of the system to improve the flood management in the urban area. It helps to address the problem of local hotspot flooded areas during heavy rainfalls or typhoons in Dong Hoi city. The measure is designed and implemented with following components: 

• Two underground storage tanks with storage capacity of 150 m3 with soak-away structure
• Eight inlets to collect rainwater on the road surface around the site
• Perforated uPVC collection pipes that are connected to the existing drainage system with a one-way backflow preventer
• Sidewalk paving slabs replaced by permeable structure
• Green trees to increase water permeability on land surface

The results showcase the effectiveness and possibilities of green interventions in helping the city to cope with increasing temperatures, flood management and energy efficiency while reducing GHG emissions. On top of that, lessons learnt and practical experiences in terms of technical knowledge, methodology and approach were shared, expanded and integrated into provincial technical standards, urban planning and relevant binding documents. 

In fact, in order to finalise the urban EbA measures at site after the selection process, there were different steps required according to Viet Nam's legal frameworks and project's procedures: 

• Site assessment: Planning an urban EbA measure required a thorough site assessment of the local climatic and geographical conditions to inform the optimum design and installation requirements. A comprehensive site assessment examined climate, hydrology, soil and water conditions on meso- and micro-level and takes into account the existing built environment.
• Planning: At this step, it was important to set an upfront goal of each urban EbA measure as this will influence the design, construction and level of maintenance required for the system. The scale, relationship to other facilities, benefits and impacts to communities and region, problems to be addressed were defined and elaborated. In addition, stakeholder engagement needed to be considered to define relevant involved parties and their roles, specialists, technical designers and service providers. All relevant procedures and regulations were figured out as well.
• Design phase: The crucial step of this phase was to develop a technical design document for the measure. Based on the set goals, site assessment results and requirements, the designers and technical experts prepared the technical drawings and the design report. Aspects related to size, functional components, technology, materials, timeline and cost estimation needed to be included. Consultation process to present the technical design was conducted for comments and feedback from different stakeholders before submitting all files for approval by local authorities. Upon the approval of the technical design document, the process to obtain the construction permit needed to be carried out according to government regulations. 
• Implementation: The construction implementer and construction supervision consultants were selected through a bidding process. An implementation plan was worked out and agreed by all relevant stakeholders before construction on the site. Local authorities and project partners took the roles of overall management, monitoring the work progress. Monthly meetings were conducted to update the progress and deal with arising issues during the implementation. The relevant government regulations and standard requirements needed to be complied fully and strictly at this phase. At the end of this phase, the implementation guidelines, lesson learnt and leaflets to promote the results were developed and shared in public for awareness raising and upscaling in the region.
• Maintenance: Upon the completion of the implementation phase, the urban EbA measures were handed over to provincial partners. A consultation process was conducted to agree upon the roles and responsibilities on management, operation and maintenance of the work by parties who took over. Planning and budget allocation was prepared and committed to on the partner side. 

In order to identify the most feasable urban EbA measures with the highest potential to pilot in Dong Hoi city, the first step was to carry out a scoping mission and a preliminary study to collect and analyse data to provide a scientific basis for the consultation process. The objective was to provide a detailed review and analysis of previous studies and information gathered through structured stakeholder engagement via interviews, focus group discussions and stakeholder consultations for a participatory selection of pilot measures with relevant partners. 

The scoping mission and the preliminary study were conducted to provide further insight into the specific vulnerabilities and the possible adaptation responses for Dong Hoi city. The findings were used to identify a short list of urban EbA measures as well as any outstanding knowledge gaps and/or information needs for the next steps. 

A multi-stakeholder engagement event was held to promote an open dialogue between stakeholders to discuss key issues related to climate impacts and local vulnerabilities. This knowledge exchange among key stakeholders strengthened relationships among key partners, enhanced partners’ understanding of urban EbA measures as well as generated knowledge to fill information and data gaps identified in the preliminary study.

Selection Process
Analysis: The identification, development and assessment of the selected urban EbA measures was based on a functionalistic approach in which the cause and effect of the main hazards compiled during the preliminary assessment and the scoping mission provided the basis for the revision of final measures. These measures, based on the causes of the key problems and their linkages to current and future climate hazards, were meant to take into account short-term and long-term considerations as much as possible.

Selection: The selection criteria were based on the Friends of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (FEBA) Assessment Framework for EbA Quality Standards. It was used in a participatory selection exercise during the second multi-stakeholder event and during consultation with key partners. The use of the framework provided a scientific and transparent selection process, based on an internationally endorsed tool.

The final measures, based on this selection process, was defined as: 1) Cau Rao EbA River Park (water retention areas), 2) Rain Gardens (green wall and green roof) and 3) Water Flow Management (SUDS).

SMART is used as a monitoring database for systematic archiving of data, documentation, analysis and data processing. It is also used for the preparation and evaluation of patrol reports and feedback sessions with rangers. A SMART operations room was established at the park and is used for interpreting monthly patrol reports, preparing feedback for patrol teams, developing adaptive patrol strategies, and planning deployment  of patrol teams by the SMART committee.

SMART provides an automated platform for making data entry, analysis, and report generation very easy. It reduces time of analysis and reporting from more than 12 days to 2-3 hours by using the SMART database manager. It also enables reporting of the full spectrum of work the park management does. SMART generates a variety of customisable, yet standardised reports and charts, for example of threat indicators, patrol effort statistics and individual ranger performance summaries.

SMART-based patrolling and field data collection is a methodology that utilizes the SMART framework to effectively guide and optimize patrolling activities and field data collection processes. The collection of SMART-data is automated by CyberTracker, an application that captures data and provides visualization capabilities. A patrol-configurable CyberTracker plug-in was implemented within the SMART-database to document illegal activities within national parks. It is specifically tailored for use at Nech Sar National Park, with data collection formats structured around threats, wildlife, and habitats. The data model and collection protocols focus on gathering only the necessary data for effective patrol management and management indicators.

SMART-based patrolling and field data collection has simplified and streamlined workflows and increased data accuracy and consistency. The platform also made it easy for the management to record their daily activities and helped to reduce workload on patrol teams by reducing time spent on filing the data collected by 50%. Detailed and standardised protocols of collection, storage, management, and processing of data on SMART support law enforcement and proper management of the national park and its resources.