SMART-based monitoring and reporting

SMART is used as a monitoring database for systematic archiving of data, documentation, analysis and data processing. It is also used for the preparation and evaluation of patrol reports and feedback sessions with rangers. A SMART operations room was established at the park and is used for interpreting monthly patrol reports, preparing feedback for patrol teams, developing adaptive patrol strategies, and planning deployment  of patrol teams by the SMART committee.

 

SMART provides an automated platform for making data entry, analysis, and report generation very easy. It reduces time of analysis and reporting from more than 12 days to 2-3 hours by using the SMART database manager. It also enables reporting of the full spectrum of work the park management does. SMART generates a variety of customisable, yet standardised reports and charts, for example of threat indicators, patrol effort statistics and individual ranger performance summaries.

To enhance park experts’ skill and capacity to analyse, generate reports and interpret patrol and monitoring data, eight experts took capacity building trainings.

 

In addition, the SMART operation committee plays various roles including guiding the operations, overseeing reporting, budgeting, and planning of SMART patrols. They also ensure the logistical and financial sustainability of these patrols, manage internal department coordination, and facilitate coordination with other law enforcement agencies.

The main takeaway is that effective training in SMART-based adaptive patrol management, monitoring, deployment mechanisms, and systems is essential for both management officials and members of the SMART operation team. Furthermore, conducting debriefing sessions and providing consistent feedback to patrol teams are critical components for strategic patrol planning, deployment and reporting.

SMART-based patrolling and field data collection

SMART-based patrolling and field data collection is a methodology that utilizes the SMART framework to effectively guide and optimize patrolling activities and field data collection processes. The collection of SMART-data is automated by CyberTracker, an application that captures data and provides visualization capabilities. A patrol-configurable CyberTracker plug-in was implemented within the SMART-database to document illegal activities within national parks. It is specifically tailored for use at Nech Sar National Park, with data collection formats structured around threats, wildlife, and habitats. The data model and collection protocols focus on gathering only the necessary data for effective patrol management and management indicators.

 

SMART-based patrolling and field data collection has simplified and streamlined workflows and increased data accuracy and consistency. The platform also made it easy for the management to record their daily activities and helped to reduce workload on patrol teams by reducing time spent on filing the data collected by 50%. Detailed and standardised protocols of collection, storage, management, and processing of data on SMART support law enforcement and proper management of the national park and its resources.

All 54 frontline rangers were trained on SMART-based patrolling, data collection protocols and field data collection using the SMART mobile application. Rangers’ SMART data collection protocols and step-by-step procedure pocket booklets (laminated with waterproof materials) were developed and used by the management staff (rangers) during field data collection.

 

Additionally, to fill gaps on recording field data during patrol mission, continuous orientation was provided to patrol ranger heads, patrol mission deployment heads and selected rangers.

The lesson learned from the implementation of SMART-based patrolling and field data collection is that simplifying the language used in data models of the platform is necessary to enhance accuracy of data collection. Not all rangers are familiar with scientific names and the terminology of ecology. For this reason, the previous SMART data model that had scientific species names made it difficult for rangers to identify them. However, upon simplifying to common names, an improvement in data collection was observed.

SMART-based strategic planning

SMART-based strategic planning is an approach that involves setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals to guide the development and implementation of strategies. The SMART platform allows the park administration to improve the management effectiveness in terms of reducing illegal activities and improving patrol teams’ efforts and effectiveness of resources allocation. 

 

SMART-based strategic planning is used to:

  • Set numeric and spatial targets - SMART focal persons in the park, in collaboration with the park management, set numeric and spatial targets for all patrol teams and prepare monthly deployment plans for both terrestrial and aquatic parts of the park. The targets help in setting clear and measurable benchmarks to the goals and objectives of patrol teams in protected areas. It makes tracking progress and measuring the impact of the strategic planning and law enforcement efforts easier.
  • Create adaptive management mechanisms - Adaptive management mechanisms are useful for continuously creating a law enforcement plan, acting on the plan, measuring the impact of the plan, and creating a new improved plan based on that information. By learning from outcomes and revising, adaptive mechanisms help to address uncertainties and promote effective management strategies in dynamic systems.

A SMART operations committee was established to implement effective adaptive management mechanisms that enable the continuous creation, execution, measurement, and improvement of plans. The committee made the strategic planning possible by guiding the operation, reporting, budgeting, and planning of SMART patrols, ensuring their logistical and financial sustainability, managing internal department coordination, and coordinating with other law enforcement agencies.

The key lesson learned is that successful implementation and operationalization of SMART is highly dependent on the commitment and willingness of national park managers to change management systems and practices. The introduction of new systems like SMART needs to be done gradually, to allow enough time for adoption by the users and ensure that the data collected is accurate and consistent. Proper planning and training are required to make the implementation and use of the platform as smooth and simple as possible.

GIZ
SMART-based strategic planning
SMART-based patrolling and field data collection
SMART-based monitoring and reporting
GIZ
SMART-based strategic planning
SMART-based patrolling and field data collection
SMART-based monitoring and reporting
Crane-based eco-tourism

The five villages frequented by cranes, the Cheorwon Crane Protection Association, the Bird Protection Association, the Crane Photography Club, the Farmers' Association, and other local residents and organizations deeply loving cranes formed and operate the ‘Cheorwon DMZ Crane Ecotourism Council’, extending beyond individual efforts. Under the leadership of local communities, it focused on sustaining the crane habitat. These include initiatives such as watering rice paddies, providing cranes with snails as a food source, and preserving rice straws on the fields. Notably, the council advocates for a form of tourism aligned with nature conservation.

Despite potential inconveniences, the emphasis is on a crane birdwatching program that adheres to birdwatching etiquette: 1) loving nature, 2) refraining from entering restricted areas, 3) avoiding collection or damage to natural elements, 4) maintaining cleanliness of facilities, 5) embracing slow travel, and 6) choosing local accommodations.

  In conjunction with the arrival of migratory birds, the local residents actively engage in crane population surveys and feeding activities in collaboration with esteemed experts from organizations such as the National Nature Trust and the Crane Protection Association

  • Ensuring the sustainability of crane habitats requires continuous effort and resources. Activities like watering rice paddies and providing food sources need to be carefully managed
  • Developing a form of tourism that does not harm the environment while still providing an engaging experience for visitors is challenging
  • Coordinating efforts among a diverse group of stakeholders, including local residents, various associations, and conservation experts, can be complex

The formation and success of the Cheorwon DMZ Crane Ecotourism Council demonstrate the power of community-led conservation efforts. By bringing together various stakeholders with a shared love for cranes, the council has managed to implement meaningful conservation strategies.

 

The council's emphasis on a birdwatching program that respects nature and promotes environmental protection highlights the importance of sustainable ecotourism

 

The collaboration between local communities and experts from organizations like the National Nature Trust and the Crane Protection Association shows that pooling knowledge and resources can significantly enhance the impact of conservation efforts.

 

The council's initiatives serve as an educational platform for both locals and visitors, promoting awareness about the importance of conservation and the specific needs of cranes. By advocating for birdwatching etiquette and engaging in community-based conservation activities, the council fosters a culture of respect for nature and wildlife.

Maintenance of agricultural environment and conservation of cranes

Local communities are actively contributing to habitat conservation through initiatives like preserving rice straws and providing water to rice paddies in winter, facilitated by Payment of Ecosystem Service (PES) contracts. Engaging in 'ecotourism programs, including crane birdwatching activities, and hosting 'Crane Seminars,' they create added value for their efforts. Furthermore, farmers in the Cheorwon area have taken an innovative approach by producing 'Cheorwon Odae Rice' and promoting their product brand using the image of the crane.

 

'The Cheorwon Crane Land,' serving as a conservation asset under the stewardship of the National Nature Trust is situated in Yangji-ri, which boasts a fertile plain and is adjacent to Togyo Reservoir and the Hantangang River, resulting in abundant water resources. This geographical advantage makes it a haven for various migratory birds that flock to the area every winter, typically from mid-October to March. Embracing its rich ecological setting, Yangji-ri has actively pursued becoming a full-fledged eco-village. This commitment has earned notable recognitions, including being selected as an eco-friendly excellent village in 2000, becoming a project operator of the New Rural Construction.

  • Habitat conservation: Preserving the agricultural environment in a way that supports wildlife, especially migratory birds like cranes
  • Community engagement: Encouraging local residents to participate actively in conservation efforts requires overcoming inertia
  • Sustainable ecotourism development: Developing ecotourism, such as birdwatching activities and educational seminars
  • Economic sustainability: Finding viable economic models, such as the PES contracts, that incentivize conservation while also supporting the local economy is a complex task.

The efforts in Cheorwon illustrate the importance of integrating conservation activities with local economic development. By aligning the interests of wildlife conservation with those of local farmers and the wider community, a more sustainable and mutually beneficial outcome is achieved.

Initiatives like preserving rice straws and providing water to paddies, supported by PES contracts, demonstrate how community involvement can lead to significant ecological benefits.

The geographical advantages of Yangji-ri, with its fertile plains and abundant water resources, underscore the potential of leveraging local natural resources for conservation purposes. These resources provide a foundation for the area's success in attracting migratory birds and supporting biodiversity.

The series of awards received by Yangji-ri serve as powerful motivators for continued ecological and conservation efforts. These accolades not only provide validation for the work done but also inspire further commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable development.