Process for integrating protected areas into Colombian land use planning
They have increased pressures on protected areas (PA), putting biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services at risk. In the planning of land use and development models promoted by municipalities, departments, the nation and productive sectors, PAs are absent or are perceived as limiting factors for progress. It is essential and unpostponable that PAs be integrated into land use plans. Our process has combined political, technical and operational actions. Today, National Parks is part of the Special Inter-Institutional Committee of the Colombian Land Use Planning Commission, has achieved the inclusion of PAs in municipal, departmental and national land use planning instruments, develops pilot cases in different parts of the country and trains different stakeholders.
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Contexte
Défis à relever
Move away from the traditional planning of protected areas isolated from the territory.
Reduce the multiplicity of planning instruments.
Strengthen the capacities of environmental authorities to participate and influence public policy with arguments and language more understandable to other sectors in land use planning processes.
The integral vision of the territory and joint interinstitutional, intersectoral and community management at a multiscale level.
the privileged vision of extractive development in the development planning of governments
Insufficient information on the contribution of protected areas to territorial development and the country's gross domestic product, based on the provision of essential ecosystem services for regional development in a territorial context.
Elaboration of a fiscal policy that recognizes and encourages municipalities with the majority of their territory in protected areas with the allocation of the national budget.
Emplacement
Traiter
Résumé du processus
Territories are the product of the interaction of people in a specific space, one of the components of this space are the ecosystems and the diversity associated with them. The territories are not small urns, but the product of interactions of different social and institutional actors, therefore to plan a territory it is not enough to plan an ecosystem or a community, it is necessary to harmonize all these planning instruments and visions of intervention in the territory.
Blocs de construction
Planning and land management
Knowing and managing the instruments, instances and processes in which land occupation models, land use and activity regulation are planned is fundamental for the effective management of protected areas and the viability of the territory.
Facteurs favorables
Capacity building in land-use planning.
The rise of rural areas in planning and the new global urban agenda that allows us to see that there are not only cities but also human settlements.
The trend and commitment to manage protected areas beyond borders.
The Sustainable Development Goals
Leçon apprise
Territory is not only a polysemous concept but also the scenario where different social and institutional interests are managed.
In the territory there are not only socio-environmental conflicts but also ethno-territorial, sectoral and political-administrative conflicts, but the management of all of them requires a social agreement.
Positioning biodiversity and protected areas in public policies of development and territorial planning requires intersectoral management and the development of skills for the participation of technical bodies with technical contributions that contribute to common goals, i.e. learning to be part of a collective and to manage in a network.
Diversity as a starting point for land-use planning
Latin America and the Caribbean is a multidiverse region. In most Latin American territories, pre-Hispanic, colonial and modernist models of development planning and land use coexist. This situation generates socio-ecosystemic and territorial conflicts. In the study Integration of Protected Areas into Land Use Planning, a Necessity for Achieving Human Well-being in Colombia, it was concluded that in order to effectively plan and manage land use planning it is necessary to start from the recognition ofThe conclusion was that in order to effectively plan and manage territorial planning, it is necessary to recognize the socio-cultural, ecosystemic and political-administrative diversity of the territories, as well as to clarify the irreplaceable role of biodiversity and protected areas in the achievement of human wellbeing, the prevention and effective management of socio-ecological, territorial and humanitarian conflicts in order to propose differentiated public policies,
in accordance with biodiverse, multiethnic and pluricultural contexts, from an integral, complementary and
from an integral, complementary and synergic vision between territories.
territories. Based on this, some strategies and conceptual clarifications are proposed.
Facteurs favorables
The recognition of ethnic and cultural diversity as a strategy for territorial planning, based on traditional knowledge and as a measure of adaptation to ecosystem conditions
The proposal of ways for the harmonization between ethnic planning instruments, environmental authorities and governments.
It is a product of the work in diverse territories in the country.
Leçon apprise
The technical, institutional and social factors that hinder integrated territorial management were identified.
The territory is a set of several territories, i.e. we are talking about multi-territories to be managed and harmonized to ensure biodiversity conservation and human well-being.
Language is a key factor for understanding and joint management.
Impacts
Public policies: Inclusion of protected areas in public policies, instances and land-use planning instruments at the national, departmental and municipal levels. Today, National Parks is part of the Special Inter-Institutional Committee of the Colombian Land Use Planning Commission.
Participatory territorial planning: Recognition and collective understanding of the territory as a common space, where different actors, interests, processes and protected areas converge.
Socio-environmental conflict management: joint, synergic, multi-scale and complementary work of national, regional, local, sectoral and community institutions for: identification and understanding of problems, harmonization of planning instruments (community, PA, sectoral and territorial entities), management, redirection and complementarity of investment towards contextualized processes.
Capacity building: design of methodological and training tools on PA in TO and workshops.
Pilot cases: Structuring and implementation of 8 pilot cases in the 5 regions of the country as input for Colombia's general TO policy, on wetlands and TO, PA and risk, collective territories and PA in TO, associative tri-boundary TO scheme, urban-PA and TO context.
Bénéficiaires
regional environmental authorities, rural communities, indigenous and black ethnic communities, national institutions, National Parks staff, etc.
Objectifs de développement durable
Histoire
Working in protected areas is the opportunity one has in life to contribute to the achievement of a better world, based on the respect and promotion of ethnic, cultural and natural diversity. During these 22 years of management in National Parks, in the Amazon, Orinoco, Caribbean, Pacific and Andean regions and at the national level, or in the exchanges with IUCN South in Ecuador or with the Park Systems of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Central America, it has been possible to interact with different people, communities, ethnic groups, institutions, governments and academia. What a quantity and diversity of knowledge, experiences and motivation. I have understood that it is not possible to continue planning protected areas - PAs - from the boundaries inwards or to explore the creation of conservation corridors. It is essential and unpostponable to transcend from this form of management to PA planning in the context of territory, since the pressures of land use change, globalization, extractivist development model, poverty and increasing biodiversity loss show that the ecosystemic, rights, productive or urban planning approach is not enough. The question is how to make viable and just territories that contribute to the achievement of human wellbeing and the conservation of nature and all the beings in it. That is to say, it is necessary to plan and manage protected areas in terms of third and fourth generation human rights. To do so, it is vital to put ourselves in the shoes of others, understand their intervention logics, recognize and know their forms of planning (ethnic, environmental, productive, etc.), zoning and regulation of land use and the development of activities. This allows us to recognize that we are also generators of conflict, but also part of the solution. This allows us to clarify that the terms ecosystem, resguardo, municipality are not equal to territories, but are part of the same. That is to say that you, me and others as human beings, citizens and officials have a responsibility in the conservation of the natural heritage and in the well being of the people.
