Trust - key to the success of co-management between the State and Native Communities in the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve (RCA)
Solution complète
Karene_Riverscape_RCA
@Sandra Isola/Pronaturaleza
REDD+ is a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation that promotes the inclusion of environmental and social safeguards, with attention to the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities. In Peru, REDD initiatives emerged that did not consider indigenous organizations. Thus, RIA was born as a strategy for mitigation, adaptation and resilience to climate change, which contributes to the conservation of forests in indigenous territories (60% of Peruvian territory is forest). Native communities own 11.5M hectares where 16.5% of deforestation occurs. Communal Reserves emerge as a strategy for biodiversity conservation for the benefit of local populations. In 2012, COICA and AIDESEP proposed a pilot RIA in the RCA, where the Harakmbut, Yine and Machiguenga ethnic groups live, to strengthen governance, channel climate funds and contribute to the reduction of emissions from deforestation.
Dernière modification 25 Sep 2025
6459 Vues
Galerie de photos et de vidéos
Contexte
Défis à relever
Social
- Consolidation of a good relationship between indigenous organizations and the Peruvian State that promotes full life systems for indigenous populations, and articulates national and international goals and commitments, ensuring the conservation of biodiversity, forests and various ecosystem services.
- Development and definition of principles and mechanisms aimed at governance among the actors involved in RIA under an Indigenous Management Contract.
Environmental
- Elaboration of the baseline for the various ecosystem functions. It is essential to define this information as it is necessary to align reference levels on deforestation and degradation at the national level.
- Review and articulation of protocols for Indigenous Monitoring, Reporting and Verification and monitoring of the National Forest Conservation Program for Climate Change Mitigation.
Economic
- Formulation of a technical-financial proposal with an RIA approach.
Emplacement
Department of Madre de Dios, Peru
South America
Traiter
Résumé du processus
The Communal Reserves are established to conserve the biodiversity and cultural values of the indigenous populations, under a participatory mechanism. Since 2005, a special regime has been in place that regulates administration and management between SERNANP and the beneficiary communities, organized as Executors of Administration Contracts (ECA). A contract establishes shared responsibilities between SERNANP and ECAs for participatory management and biodiversity conservation. For its consolidation, it is necessary to strengthen technical, institutional and communicational capacities, as well as multi-stakeholder and multilevel articulation. In response to the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and in the face of global warming, RIA has emerged as a strategy to address climate change that contributes to the conservation of forests in indigenous territories. RIA in the CAR is an innovative co-management experience, under an approach of indigenous administration and the State, which contributes to the reduction of emissions, but, above all, provides security and consolidation of the integral and collective territory; it implements plans for the full life of native communities and implements the Master Plan with an RIA approach.
Blocs de construction
REDD+ Amazon Indigenous REDD+ (RIA) under the indigenous management contract approach
RIA is the climate change strategy that contributes to forest conservation in indigenous territories. With the support of indigenous organizations, SERNANP and allied NGOs, a pilot project was proposed in 2012 in the RCA, led by ECA-RCA, SERNANP and indigenous organizations, and the basis for its implementation was built in a participatory manner. Thus, they gathered contributions from stakeholders aimed at mitigation actions, adaptation and resilience to climate change, through the implementation of full life plans (strategic planning of native communities), articulated to the Master Plan and the RIA guidelines: security and consolidation of the integral and collective territory; life plans and Master Plan with RIA approach; governance, institutional agreements and financial sustainability.RIA in the RCA is consolidated through: the agreement between SERNANP and the ECA-RCA, COHARYIMA, FENAMAD and AIDESEP; the addendum to the ECA-RCA Administration Contract to facilitate the implementation of projects for the retribution of ecosystem services; and its incorporation into the Master Plan, the National Climate Change Strategy, and the implementation of climate funds. Its replication in Communal Reserves and Native Communities (4.5M ha) gives it great importance.
Facteurs favorables
- Joint efforts to overcome the challenge of modifying an administration contract between the State and the Executor of the Administration Contract, representative of 10 indigenous communities, for the implementation of RIA.
- Support from COICA, AIDESEP, FENAMAD and COHARYIMA in national and international forums to present the progress of RIA in the RCA.
- Readjustment and approval of planning documents to implement RIA under an Indigenous Administration Contract approach: Master Plan, RIA Table, Climate Funds.
Leçon apprise
- Trust and goodwill are fundamental for effective co-management between the State and the Management Contract Executors, which facilitates the adaptation (addenda) of contracts and planning documents for the implementation of RIA in the Communal Reserve.
- The articulation of efforts with other climate initiatives, under an Indigenous Administration Contract approach, made it possible to incorporate joint actions with the National Forest Conservation Program, the Forestry Investment Fund and the Joint Declaration of Intent. It also facilitated the establishment of alliances between Indigenous Organizations and private organizations.
- The strengthening of ANECAP, as representative of the 10 ECAs at the national level, is fundamental for implementing the RIA proposal.
Innovating the co-management model with native communities
Co-management in a Communal Reserve implies a distribution of functions and responsibilities for participatory management in an area. In the RCA, SERNANP, the ECA-RCA and each community of the ECA-RCA have established Agreements to implement Full Life Plans (strategic planning of native communities) articulated with the Master Plan. The Agreements contemplate a conservation and development strategy that is implemented through sustainable economic activities for the benefit of the communities, while they commit to collaborate with community oversight and improve the distribution of conservation benefits. The Agreements also support five communities that have a signed agreement with the National Forest Conservation Program for Climate Change Mitigation of the Ministry of Environment, which promotes forest conservation through Conditional Direct Transfers with native communities (S/.ECA-RCA works together with the Forest Conservation Program to support the implementation of the National Strategy on Forests and Climate Change, and contribute to national commitments (NDC).
Facteurs favorables
- Synergy between indigenous organizations for the design and implementation of the RIA proposal, respecting their roles and functions.
- Strategic allies support co-management, based on a conservation and development strategy, implemented through sustainable economic activity programs.
- Native communities, based on a conservation and development strategy, receive benefits from forest conservation, which today represents an asset that must be protected from various threats (illegal mining, illegal logging, etc.).
Leçon apprise
- Effective co-management between SERNANP and the ECA-RCA is essential for the implementation of Full Life Plans, since both have different but complementary roles and responsibilities on which the success of the agreements and the conservation of the RCA depends.
- The articulation of efforts between the strategic allies that contribute to the co-management of the RCA, respecting the role of the Indigenous Administrator of the RCA, is key to the sustainability of the Full Life Plans.
- The strengthening of ANECAP, as representative of 10 ECAs, is fundamental to promote the replication of a successful co-management model based on the Full Life Plans in other Communal Reserves in Peru.
Impacts
RIA defines three central elements in relation to REDD+:
- Integral management of indigenous territories: guarantees the conservation and management of forests in indigenous territories, providing legal security through the recognition, demarcation, and titling of these territories.
- Reduction of the global ecological footprint: promotes the effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from all sources and in all countries. Recognizing the need for compensation mechanisms in accordance with the indigenous vision.
- Reduction and control of the drivers of deforestation and degradation in the Amazon: considers a national and regional strategy to reduce and control the pressure on forests by different industries and livestock.
Among the benefits or potentials are:
- Privileges an integral vision that incorporates other goods and services that forests provide, not only carbon sequestration.
- Potential to attract alternative financing mechanisms that recognize biological diversity and ecosystem health.
- Contributes to strengthening the governance of indigenous territories.
- Opportunity to advance the status of indigenous communities and local populations in forest management.
- Contributes to the fulfillment of the country's national emission reduction commitments.
- Promotes the application of prior consultation.
Bénéficiaires
Native Community: Puerto Luz, Karene, Shintuya, Barranco Chico, Boca Isiriwe, Puerto Azul, Diamante, Shipetiari, Masenawa, Queros.
ECA-RCA: indigenous organization that co-manages the PA.
FENAMAD and COHARYIMA: regional indigenous organizations
ANECAP
Objectifs de développement durable
SDG 13 – Climate action
SDG 15 – Life on land
Histoire
Héctor Sueyo, Sontone, received us at his home in Madre de Dios.
Revista Viajeros. En: Mongabay-LATAM
The house of Sontone, Héctor Sueyo Irangua, is made of wood and palm leaves and stands barely on a distant bank of the Eori River, today's Madre de Dios River, the most important waterway in the department that was once considered the biodiversity capital of Peru. Sontone, a harakbut elder who lived in total isolation until he was twenty years old, is perhaps eighty or ninety years old, he does not know. What he does remember is that sixty years ago, leading a group of young men from his clan, he peacefully left the forest to live in the mission of the Dominican priests of San Miguel de Shintuya, in the province of Manu. His clan, one of many that made up the Harakbut people, had to disperse to escape the violence and genocide that intensified since the rubber tappers entered their ancestral territories during the first decades of the last century. Sontone spends his days making ceremonial bows and arrows that the leaders of his community use to pass on the knowledge of the Harakbut people to children and young people. "We Harakbut rely on the wisdom of our elders, many of whom were born in freedom, who have told us about the history and suffering of our people," says Yesica Patiachi, a bilingual teacher from Puerto Luz, one of the native communities co-administering the RCA. Last January, during the indigenous peoples' meeting with Pope Francis in Puerto Maldonado, Patiachi was in charge of speaking on behalf of the Amazonian communities. Her clear voice resounded in the auditorium full of natives: "Francis said that day, the natives of the Peruvian Amazon are the survivors of many cruelties and injustices. Our indigenous brothers and sisters suffer from the exploitation of our natural resources". And he added: "The tree cutters, the gold diggers, those who open trails to build cement roads poison our rivers to turn them into black waters of death". But there is new hope for the Harakbut, who are now convinced that with the implementation of the RIA mechanism, their communities can finally be compensated for caring for biodiversity and the ancestral territory in which they live (G. Reaño. 24 July 2018. Mongabay-LATAM).
The LVAPC represents a global recognition of co-management and the commitment to continue with actions in a PA with a strong intercultural component (D.Huamán, 2018. SERNANP).
