Advocacy and stakeholder engagement

Advocacy activities help promote awareness and understanding of FMNR as a cost-effective and scalable approach to landscape restoration and climate resilience among practitioners, community leaders, and national government. This can promote acceptance among peers and encourage community leaders and government officials to create an enabling environment at the municipal and/or subnational level to facilitate the adoption of FMNR in communities (e.g., through relevant policies and regulations).

  • Mobilize national stakeholders to create a policy environment in support of adoption of FMNR in relevant strategic frameworks
  • Identify and engage with other partner organizations to enhance the implementation of the FMNR approach

Advocacy works for government recognition and formalization of the rights and responsibilities of those who practice FMNR. It creates an enabling policy environment that encourages individuals and communities to manage their natural resources sustainably.

Leveraging local livelihood strategies

Integrating FMNR with livelihood activities is strongly recommended. For example, alternative livelihood development activities can support FMNR uptake by reducing household dependence on unsustainable timber harvesting for subsistence and/or sale. Complementary livelihood activities to support FMNR outcomes include: 

 

  1. Agricultural development activities that promote sustainable intensification and/or diversification of smallholder agricultural production. Combining trees on cropland and pasture with conservation agriculture practices has proved to increase crop yields and improve livestock productivity.
  2. Market development activities that support more profitable marketing of products produced by smallholder farmers. They enhance the adoption and sustainability of FMNR by increasing smallholder incomes, thereby reducing the need for households to adopt coping strategies that can further damage the natural environment and reduce biodiversity.
  3. Energy-saving solutions (e.g. clean cookstoves) that support FMNR by reducing household demand for wood, thus increasing the likelihood that trees that can regenerate will not cut down or felled for their wood in unsustainable ways.

Complementary livelihood activities, preferably those based on trees (e.g., agroforestry and woodlands), can offset short-term fluctuations in household and community resource availability and income that might otherwise undermine FMNR success by increasing pressure to use and cut trees.

Implementing complementary tree-based value chain development activities, such as beekeeping, can improve FMNR uptake and sustainability by increasing its benefits and economic value to households and communities. In addition, FMNR can increase crop and livestock production by enhancing soil fertility, reducing soil erosion, improving water availability and increasing fodder.

Promoting community development practice

FMNR represents a community development practice. In this sense, FMNR directly aims at participatory, inclusive and community-based and -owned analyses, plans, knowledge sharing and adoption. The following three components  are critical in understanding and implementing FMNR as a community development process:

 

  1. Connect: Community member come together to participatory analyse, discuss and connect the root causes and consequences of deforestation and landscape degradation in their community. Once the connection has been made, FMNR is introduced as a potential solution.
  2. Plan: Community members engage in a participatory visioning process to identify common goals and agree on tangible actions to drive and enable the scale-up of FMNR on communal and privately owned/managed land. These plans can vary in formality and may be developed and refined over the years.
  3. Enable: Community member are trained in the technical knowledge and skills to adopt and promote the practice of FMNR on landscapes. This component also includes the identification, training and follow up of FMNR Champions who actively work to enhance the spread and adoption of FMNR in their communities.

To build awareness and understanding around FMNR among peers, community leaders, and national governments as a low-cost scalable approach. This creates an enabling environment at the community and/or sub-national levels to facilitate its adoption in communities – for example through enabling policies and bylaws.

Engaging the community in the right way from the beginning will be foundational to the success of any FMNR activities going forward. FMNR involves change: not just in the landscape, but often in the ways that people interact with each other. Understanding traditions, traditional roles and the dynamics of people in the community is an important part of engagement. Key principles of FMNR, such as inclusion and ensuring that women and minorities have equal rights and access, may require the community to carefully think through their values and norms. FMNR involves decision-making, therefore community ownership of the process is essential. The technical practices part of FMNR activities are important, but they will not succeed unless the people who use the land more broadly are in agreement on how to manage it, as well as the regeneration of the trees.

Livestock Department
Strengthening of community organization
Strengthening local skills and knowledge
Improvement of green-gray infrastructure
Livestock Department
Strengthening of community organization
Strengthening local skills and knowledge
Improvement of green-gray infrastructure
Livestock Department
Strengthening of community organization
Strengthening local skills and knowledge
Improvement of green-gray infrastructure
Feedback workshops and maintenance of the park

In order to preserve the functionality and the esthetics of the park, it is important to know how to maintain it. This includes monitoring, the maintenance of green spaces and cleaning. 

With regards to monitoring, it is recommended to have communication mechanisms established between the community and the municipality. In this case, the neighborhood committee remains in touch via WhatsApp with the contact person of the Public Services Department and may share observations or ask directly for support in the case of any event. 

Furthermore, a list of indicators was established for the monitoring and ensuring the functionality of the green space, with a focus on the vegetation, water infiltration, erosion and shadow areas. The maintenance of the infrastructure of the park (paths, discharges, bins) was also addressed. 

 

During a maintenance workshop with the Public Services Department and members of the local community, roles and responsibilities were divided with regards to the different indicators. 

 

Furthermore, a feedback workshop was conducted with the Public Services Department and the neighbors, in order to capture how both groups perceived the entire process and to integrate their feedback into the methodology of future processes. 

  • Having worked with native plants and local materials reduces the necessary effort to maintain the green infrastructure and vegetation over time (for example, after the first year, irrigation may not be necessary anymore) 
  • Having established a good relationship between the Public Services Department and the community helps to divide roles and to generate commitment
  • Time constraints: it was impossible to arrange a joint maintenance workshop with the neighbors and the Public Services Deparment due to conflicting working schedules. Conducting seperate workshops was not ideal, but the only alternative. 
Participatory practical workshops to transform the space and to promote financial and environmental education

The actual construction was implemented through practical and educational workshops with the neighbors, the Public Services Department and partly with contracted workers. The workshops addressed the following measures: 1) green infrastructure and reforestation, 2) urban art and tactical urbanism, and 3) urban furniture. In this way, the park was transformed through joint efforts, while learning about the importance of nature-based solutions and easy measures to implement them in other public spaces or in gardens and other spaces of the community. 

 

In adition, educational workshops were conducted with a local school and a group of scouts to improve the financial education of young people and kids in the community. Another set of workshops was implemented with neighbors and members of an informal neighborhood, with a focus on first aid. 

  • High commitment of implementing partners and the municipality
  • Know-how of local organizations
  • Clear division of roles among implementing partners and the municipality, good coordination among partners
  • Activation of other local groups along the way (scouts) 
  • Time buffers requiered for unforeseeable events (health and climate related)
  • Implement activities outside of heat and hurrican period to ensure participation and safety