Contour ploughing should be used on steep slope areas. The land is ploughed perpendicular to the slope, alongside contour lines that curve around the arable land. Contour lines favor infiltration of rainwater as water run-off is stopped. So the risk of soil erosion and the formation of gullies is reduced and the availability of water for the annual crops is increased. The soil conserving effect of contour lines can be augmented by planting grass strips, bushes or hedgerows alongside them.

Due to large flocks of livestock, fencing often becomes necessary for annual crops, especially if the cultivated fields are located close to roads, or livestock corridors. There are several forms of fencing practised in Tajikistan. Fencing with mesh wire is effective but expensive. Unlike natural fences, mesh wire fences will not create additional income through fruit yields or timber.

Whenever it is possible, natural, local materials (e.g. branches, brushwood, stones, wooden sticks etc.) should be used for fencing. These materials are cheaper than mesh wire or concrete and offer habitats for beneficial insects and other pollinators. Living fences established from local trees and bushes, preferably with spines (hawthorn, cherry plum and barberry) are even more suitable as they contribute to biodiversity and provide firewood and wild fruits.  They, however, may require protection and watering in the first years of establishment.

If stones are available on-site, fencing with stone walls may be considered as well. Natural stone walls are not only durable but also create habitats for pollinators, other insects and small mammalians.

Due to rising demand for hybrid varieties, seeds of local varieties of vegetables and annual crops and have become increasingly unavailable at local markets. The advantage of local varieties is that they stem from open pollination, i.e. their seeds can be reproduced at the village level. However, conserving the purity of the varieties requires constant control. Plants that do not demonstrate the characteristics of the variety should be sorted out.

It is recommended to conserve seeds of local varieties by storing them in local seeds banks. If no seed bank is in place, the establishment of a new one should be supported to ensure the long-term availability of genetic material on site. 

Adequate harvest and post-harvest management are especially important for the production of fruits, berries, vegetables and herbs. These should be stored in a dry and cool, but frost-protected storage space, which should be disinfected in advance. Especially, mice are a common threat to the most storage facilities, contaminating the products and hence rendering future sales impossible. The use of pesticides should be avoided for controlling pests as these contaminate food products. Instead, various types of traps should be used.

When storing fresh fruits like apples, harvesting should be handled cautiously, in order to minimize the risk of putrefaction.

Storing apples and potatoes together should be avoided as apples produce ethylene, which can cause potatoes to sprout ahead of time.  

Fruits also can be preserved after-harvest by making compote, jam or by drying. 

Like fruits, many vegetables can be preserved in jars, while others, such as tomatoes, can be dried. The easiest and cheapest method for storing root vegetables like carrots, beetroot, radish etc. is to keep them in clamps covered by straw and earth to ensure protection from frost. The clamps should be controlled regularly to prevent infestation by pests, especially mice.

Crop rotation means planting different annual crops in a particular order over several years on the same field. Crop rotation helps to ensure long-term soil fertility as crops from different families have different requirements in terms of nutrients and rooting depth. Moreover, it prevents the accumulation and propagation of soil-borne diseases and pests. In Tajikistan, cultivating the same cash crops, e.g. potatoes in irrigated lands, is generally preferred over crop rotation.

A concept of thorough crop rotation includes cultivating legume fodder plants as alfalfa or esparcet for several years, which substantially improve soil quality. Moreover, pulses (chickpeas, green peas, lentils) can be used to promote crop rotation and crop diversification. These can also be planted as a second crop. Simultaneously, pulses fix nitrogen and thus improve soil fertility. Most of these crops besides attract pollinators and provide suitable habitats for bees.

By decomposing organic matter, natural soil fertilizer can be generated from what is usually regarded as waste. Organic matter as weeds, leaves, cut grass, residuals from harvest, animal dung, ash, green and brown pruning material, kitchen waste, such as eggshells and vegetable peels and other organic materials are mixed and decomposed by microorganisms for producing long-acting manure.

Compost not only improves the soil structure but also its porosity, creating a better environment for the root system of plants. It also increases the permeability of heavy soils and reduces erosion and runoff by increasing the soil's water retention capacity.

Compost supplies a variety of macro and micronutrients and in general a significant amount of organic matter to the soil.

Compost also can be used for preparing liquid manure, a very quick-acting organic top dressing which can be applied if vegetables show a deficiency of nutrients or are in a phase when they need many nutrients, e.g. tomatoes after flowering. 

Given the climatic conditions in Tajikistan, with very dry summer and cold winter, compost is normally produced in pits. Most commonly, a two-pit system is recommended.

In order to develop good quality fruit yields and to enable the association of fruit growing with vegetable or fodder production in the long-run, optimal fruit tree formation is vital. From the beginning of their lifecycle, fruit trees should be formed by pruning, binding up and spreading branches. For building up stable and light-flooded trees, skeleton and fruit branches should be clearly differentiated. In the later stages of its lifecycle, maintenance pruning is used to remove superfluous fruit branches, shoots and deadwood. This allows sunlight to penetrate the inward of the tree, offering the conditions to produce bigger fruits that taste better. When fruit trees become very high and quality of fruit decline, they can be rejuvenated through rehabilitation pruning. Adequate pruning also can prevent pests and diseases, as is ensures that the trees are not too dense, and wind can pass through. The surface of leaves will consequently dry quickly after rain or dewfall and consequently spores of diseases as powdery mildew will not germinate.