Cash Crop Integration for Sustainable Incomes

The cash crop integration component aimed to incentivize tree management by linking reforestation efforts with short-term income generation. Top-performing farmers, assessed based on tree survival rates and GAP training participation, were awarded cash crop inputs such as soya beans and groundnuts. These crops were selected for their adaptability to local soils, market demand, and ability to complement agroforestry systems. Farmers achieved an average 12% increase in soya bean yields (350 kg/acre) and 10% increase in groundnut yields (240 kg/acre), with incomes averaging UGX 1,050,000 ($285) for soya beans and UGX 900,000 ($244) for groundnuts. The inclusion of cash crops encouraged farmers to maintain their agroforestry systems, reducing tree felling for short-term needs.

  • Crop Suitability: Identifying crops that thrive in local conditions while supporting agroforestry practices.
  • Farmer Training: GAP for cash crops, focusing on planting density, pest management, and post-harvest handling to improve yields.
  • Market Access: Establishing links with traders and milling companies to secure 15% higher prices and reduce reliance on middlemen.
  • Monitoring and Evaluation:  Digital monitoring and evaluation, regular farm visits to assess crop performance and address challenges promptly.
  • Crop integration incentivized tree preservation and diversified farmer incomes, enhancing resilience to climate shocks.
  • Regional variation in weather and soil conditions impacted yields. Research and consultancy would help identify the most suitable varieties.
  • Poor post-harvest handling in some areas reduced profits. Training on crop drying and storage is essential to maximize market value.
  • Develop region-specific crop calendars and include low-cost storage solutions to address post-harvest losses. Partnering with buyers early ensures market demand aligns with farmer production.
Tree Planting at community Level

The primary purpose of tree planting at community level is to achieve large-scale ecosystem restoration while enhancing local livelihoods through agroforestry. The project partnered with four communities to mobilize 425 farmers for tree planting, distributing 73,867 seedlings. Farmers were trained in Good Agroforestry Practices (GAP), including tree planting techniques, mulching, pest and disease management, and soil fertility enhancement. Tree species like Grevillea robusta and Agrocarpus were selected for their fast growth, timber production potential, and ability to improve microclimates and soil structure. Tree planting activities focused on degraded lands prone to erosion and drought, effectively addressing flood control, biodiversity restoration, and ecosystem loss.

  • Farmer Training: Comprehensive GAP training to equip farmers with technical skills in tree care, pruning, and pest management.
  • Species Suitability: Selecting trees adapted to regional environmental conditions to maximize survival and growth rates including soils, weather, culture and .
  • Monitoring Systems: Continuous farmer field visits to monitor growth, survival rates, and emerging challenges.
  • Community Ownership: Collaborating with SEs and local leaders ensured trust, commitment, and adoption of sustainable tree management practices.
  • Integration of trees with cash crops enhances farmer engagement and ensures long-term care for planted trees.
  • Survival rates were highest in areas with reliable rainfall (Kapchorwa at 92%), highlighting the need for location-specific strategies in drought-prone regions.
  • Termite infestations in Busia and Mbale posed a challenge, requiring targeted pest control solutions such as biological control agents and mulching to minimize damage.
     

    Advice: Deploy tree care manuals with localized pest and soil management techniques. Integrate weather forecast systems to align planting activities with optimal rainfall periods and mitigate drought-related losses.

Community-Based Nursery Beds

The purpose of community-based permanent nursery beds is to ensure the production of high-quality, resilient seedlings for reforestation efforts while building local capacity. Each of the four project districts (Luwero, Mbale, Busia, and Kapchorwa) established one centralized nursery bed per location, equipped with essential tools, irrigation facilities, and trained nursery operators. Seeds were delivered early (December 2023–January 2024) to allow for the full growth and hardening process, ensuring seedlings met survival standards. The nurseries produced 96,423 seedlings of multi-purpose tree species, including Grevillea and Agrocarpus, which were selected for their adaptability to local climatic conditions, drought resistance, and soil stabilization properties. Nurseries also served as training hubs, where farmers learned good agroforestry techniques, seed propagation, pest control, and seedling management techniques.

  • Technical Knowledge: Trained operators with skills in seed management, seedling management, farmer training, community mobilisation and engagement, root pruning, and hardening-off processes.
  • Access to Inputs: Reliable supply of quality seeds, potting materials, and pest control inputs.
  • Water Availability: Sustainable irrigation systems to overcome drought periods and maintain seedling health.
  • Community Engagement: Active participation from farmers and local leaders to monitor and support nursery operations.
  • Early seed delivery, proper management, good nursery management and seedling hardening significantly improved tree survival rates in harsh field conditions.
  • Poor irrigation infrastructure in some locations exposed seedlings to water stress during dry spells. Investment in simple irrigation techniques is recommended to mitigate this.
  • Root damage and poor seedling management during transplanting led to seedling mortality in some cases. Ensuring proper root ball integrity during handling is critical.
     

    Advice: Establish contingency production targets (10–15% above the actual requirement) to buffer losses from pests or weather-related issues. Additionally, develop on-site water harvesting systems to support irrigation during drought periods.

Delopment of the SIREN App

This building block is to explain how I developped an App that allow fishers to contribute to marine science knowledge in Africa. 

Initially we gave fishers a pre-printed form to report opportunistic sightings they encountered. However, the form was getting lost most of the time. 

We decided to move to a digital solution. The existing App by then required internet to work and was just too complicated for fishers. So we thought we shoud develop an App that will be more userfriendly for fishers. 

We wrote the  algorithm (workflow) of the App and then contracted an Indian development company to write the code. 

Later we had to bring the development of SIREN back to Cameroon to reduce the cost of developement. 

We work with volunteer around the world that will continuously support with the development of the SIREN

  • passion and determination
  • availability of seed fund to develop an initial version of the SIREN App
  • Collaboration with local App developpers
  • Extending the collaboration to international volunteers 
  • understand
  • The first developper company I contracted for the development of SIREN was a foreign company based in India. The cost of develpment was very high and there was a lot of miscomunication due to language barriers. When we started working with local developpers, the cost of development decreased importantly and it was easier to communicate.
  • Before giving a smarphone to fisher for data collection you must develop a trust relationship with him before otherwise the phone will never be used by the fisher to report sightings.
Web Platform for Collaborative Data Integration

This building block focuses on the creation of a web-based platform that serves as the core tool of Bio-Scanner. The platform is designed to centralize biodiversity data by allowing users to upload, access, and analyze information related to jaguar distribution and other species. The dashboard facilitates collaborative data integration, making it accessible to researchers, conservation practitioners, and decision-makers. By feeding this information into the algorithm, the platform helps refine predictions on species distribution, population dynamics, and behaviors.

The purpose of this building block is to provide an accessible and user-friendly platform that acts as a central hub for biodiversity data. It allows users to contribute data (e.g., camera-trap images or additional species records), visualize trends, and understand key insights about jaguar populations. The platform is designed to democratize access to AI-driven conservation tools and foster collaboration across stakeholders, improving conservation outcomes.

Enabling factors:

  • Development of a secure, scalable, and user-friendly web application to handle large datasets.
  • Collaboration with technical experts in AI, web development, and conservation biology to design functionalities that meet user needs.
  • Accessibility features to ensure the platform can be used by decision-makers, academic researchers, and local conservation practitioners alike.
  • A robust data governance framework to protect sensitive data while promoting transparency and sharing
  • Simplifying the user interface is critical for engaging a broad audience, including non-technical users.
  • Ensuring data interoperability through standardized formats facilitates integration with other conservation projects and tools.
  • A participatory design approach involving users from different sectors helps tailor the platform’s functionality to meet diverse needs.
  • Regular updates and maintenance are essential to ensure long-term usability and relevance.
Collaborative Partnerships for Conservation

This building block focuses on the establishment of strong partnerships between academic institutions (Universidad Politécnica de Yucatán), local governments (Secretaría de Desarrollo de Sustentable del Estado de Yucatán), and conservation organizations (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), private sector (Huawei), and local communities (Dzilam de Bravo) to enhance the collection and analysis of biodiversity data, access to technological infrastructure, government program instrumentation and application, and local ownership and execution.

The purpose of this building block is to foster cooperation among diverse stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of conservation technologies. These partnerships enable the sharing of resources and expertise, empowering local actors to participate in conservation projects and creating a framework for sustainability.

Enabling factors:

  • Strong engagement and alignment between stakeholders, including academic institutions, government agencies, conservation organizations, private sector and local communities.
  • Signed agreements that define clear roles, responsibilities, and benefits for all parties involved.
  • Access to local knowledge and expertise to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of conservation actions.
  • Transparent communication between stakeholders is crucial to build trust and ensure the long-term success of partnerships.
  • Including academic institutions fosters innovation and provides opportunities for student involvement in meaningful projects.
  • Government involvement helps to create conservation policies and facilitates execution in the community.
  • Partnerships with conservation organisations strengthen the scalability and visibility of conservation initiatives by pooling resources and knowledge.
  • Community of Dzilam de Bravo provides data on field and by taking ownership of the project, they contribute to efficient project execution 
  • Private sector provides infrastructure and expertise to facilitate the development of the technology
Advanced Image Recognition Algorithms for Jaguar Monitoring

This building block is centered on the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), including Siamese and Autoencoder architectures, to detect and identify individual jaguars based on unique features such as rosette patterns and morphology. These algorithms process camera-trap data efficiently, reducing the time required for analysis and providing critical insights for decision-making in conservation.

The purpose of this building block is to enhance the monitoring and understanding of jaguar populations by automating the identification process. The algorithms detect jaguars in camera-trap images and classify individuals, contributing to understanding population size, distribution patterns, and behaviors. This facilitates conservation planning and policy-making by decision-makers. Additionally, the models are scalable and can be adapted to other species and ecosystems, expanding their applicability beyond the Yucatán Peninsula.

Enabling factors:

  • Availability of high-quality camera-trap data for training and validating the algorithms.
  • Technical expertise in AI and machine learning for developing and fine-tuning models.
  • Collaborative partnerships with local institutions for field data collection and algorithm design, development and testing.
  • Access to sufficient computational resources to train and deploy the algorithms effectively.
  • High-quality and diverse datasets are critical for achieving accurate and reliable results.
  • Community and academic involvement, such as the participation of the Dzilam de Bravo community and the Universidad Politécninca de Yucatán, enhances project outcomes by ensuring local capacity and ownership, and technological expertise to design the necessary algorithms.
  • Explainability in AI models (e.g., through Gradient Cam) is essential to build trust and ensure the results are accessible to decision-makers.
Enhancing Safe Fishing Practices

FFMA delivers real-time weather forecasts, disaster alerts, and ocean state information in regional languages, ensuring accessibility for diverse fishing communities across India.

Embedding Fisher Friend within the Fish for All Centre Programme:
MSSRF integrated Fisher Friend into its Fish for All Centre Programme, focusing on sustainable fisheries development. This alignment leveraged existing resources, expertise, and networks, providing a strong foundation for promoting Fisher Friend.

Engagement with INCOIS:
Collaborating with the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), MSSRF ensured the provision of critical oceanographic data and advisories. This partnership enhanced the app’s accuracy and relevance for fishers.

Engagement with Departments of Fisheries and the Indian Coast Guard:
MSSRF worked closely with government departments to align Fisher Friend’s services with government priorities. These partnerships also facilitated policy advocacy and integration with existing fisheries initiatives.

Partnership with Fisher Associations and Local NGOs:
By partnering with fisher associations and local NGOs, MSSRF leveraged local networks and expertise, promoting Fisher Friend through trusted channels and building credibility among fishers.

Geospatial Planning and Risk Mapping

Dynamic risk maps, built using GIS and geospatial analysis, identify high-risk areas and guide resource allocation. This tool can be used for urban planning, disaster risk reduction, or managing natural resources like water or land.

  • Regularly refreshed data on terrain, vegetation, and weather is crucial for accuracy.
  • Trained personnel must operate geospatial tools and interpret risk maps.
  • Risk maps should inform planning and resource allocation at local and regional levels.
  • The expertise is crucial to help you build the correct framework in order to be scalable.
Data Sources

The system combines data from drones, satellites, camera traps, and geospatial tools to create a comprehensive monitoring framework. This approach can be adapted for other environmental challenges, such as flood monitoring, by integrating relevant data sources specific to those contexts.

  • Reliable access to real-time data from sensors, satellites, drones, and cameras is critical.
  • High-quality sensors and data processing systems must be available to collect and analyze diverse data types.
  • Systems must use compatible formats to integrate data seamlessly.
  • Interconnectivity & interoperability of systems is crucial. 
  • The platform must be software and hardware agnostic.
  • Cybersecurity and intercommunication are crucial.