1) Standardized Drone Survey Protocols

This building block establishes standardized flight parameters for effective crocodilian monitoring

Crocodiles can be closely approached (.10 m altitude) and consumer-grade drones do not elicit flight responses in West African large mammals and birds at altitudes of 40–60 m. Altitude and other flight parameters did not affect detectability, because high-resolution photos allowed accurate counting. Observer experience, field conditions (e.g. wind, sun reflection), and site characteristics (e.g. vegetation, homogeneity) all significantly affected detectability. Drone-based crocodylian surveys should be implemented from 40 m altitude in the first third of the day. Drone surveys provide advantages over traditional methods, including precise size estimation, less disturbance, and the ability to cover greater and more remote areas. Drone survey photos allow for repeatable and quantifiable habitat assessments, detection of encroachment and other illegal activities, and leave a permanent record. 
Overall,dronesofferavaluableandcost-effectivealternative forsurveyingcrocodylianpopulationswith compelling secondary benefits, although they may not be suitable in all cases and for all species

Cost-Effective Restoration Processes

One of the biggest barriers to large-scale restoration is cost. Our solution eliminates the need for costly nurseries and reduces labor-intensive efforts, enabling efficient large-scale planting. The drones can plant up to 2,000 seeds in under 10 minutes, drastically reducing time and labor costs. This affordability makes restoration feasible for low-income regions and opens up opportunities for scaling in areas previously deemed inaccessible. The process is adaptable to other restoration challenges, such as reforestation or agricultural regeneration, making it versatile across multiple applications.

AI-Powered Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) System

Restoration is not just about planting—it’s about ensuring long-term impact. Our AI-powered MRV system provides real-time tracking of restoration progress and environmental health. It also addresses critical issues like illegal fishing, poaching, and deforestation, empowering communities to protect their restored ecosystems. This system integrates satellite data, drone imagery, and AI analytics to provide actionable insights, which can be adapted to other restoration or conservation efforts. It also supports transparency and accountability, ensuring stakeholders can measure progress and outcomes effectively.

Licensing and Training Platform

Our licensing and training platform equips communities to independently build, operate, and maintain drones. This approach is hands-on and collaborative, fostering local expertise and enabling communities to adapt the technology to their unique needs. The platform goes beyond technical skills, creating a foundation for communities to innovate and modify drones for additional applications such as surveillance, mapping, and precision agriculture. Importantly, the platform fosters a feedback loop where communities share their innovations, enriching the broader global network of users.

Modular Drone Technology

Our modular drones are designed for accessibility, adaptability, and sustainability. Initially crafted using wooden components with fewer than six screws and zip ties, they are simple to assemble, repair, and replicate using local materials, empowering communities to lead restoration projects independently.

As we’ve advanced, we’ve integrated hydrogen fuel cells and hybrid-electric propulsion systems, enhancing flight endurance, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. These innovations enable drones to cover larger areas and operate in remote environments while reducing their carbon footprint.

The modular design ensures flexibility for continuous adaptation, allowing communities to upgrade drones with tools like cameras or sensors for monitoring. This approach combines simplicity and cutting-edge innovation, bridging grassroots empowerment with scalable, impactful environmental restoration.

Methodology
  • Involvement of the local community
  • Responding to community needs 

The openness of the community to learn and adopt the toolkit.

The financial support for the project.

The effectiveness of the toolkit in deterring the wildlife from farms. 

Village Crop Protection Team
East and South Africa
Elizabeth
Mintoi
Methodology
Livelihood Improved
Capacity Building for Governance Improvement
Unlocking future impact: Funding and professional development

For many conservationists, including our participants, the knowledge to effectively use conservation technology is not enough without the funding to access the tools. Recognizing this barrier, we provide each participant with USD$500 in seed funding to support the implementation of their conservation solutions. Participants are required to propose and carry out projects, which have ranged from building predator-proof bomas and underwater camera traps to developing AI tools, mobile apps, and community-driven citizen science initiatives. Each participant is required to report on their project’s progress over the following year, fostering accountability and impact tracking.

To ensure long-term sustainability, we also deliver training in grant writing, proposal development, and funder engagement to equip participants with the skills needed to secure sustained future funding. Ongoing mentorship and support also continue beyond the initial training. Our team, along with a growing alumni network, provides guidance on grant applications, reference letters, and professional development opportunities. Many of the projects and collaborations initiated during the program have led to graduate study, published research, and conference presentations, reinforcing participants’ continued growth as conservation leaders. 

  • Support from donors who fund seed grants
  • Ongoing dedication and investment of trainers and mentors
  • Students are required to submit two updates and a financial report for their grant. Ensuring follow-up on these submissions requires dedicated effort and engagement from the core team 
  • Students have reported that being able to list the seed funding received through our program on their CVs has helped them secure additional funding opportunities in the future.
Focusing on hands-on engagement

Our technical training emphasizes experiential learning by giving participants direct, practical experience with conservation technologies. Whenever possible, students are encouraged to set up and deploy tools themselves in safe, low-pressure environments, creating space to experiment, make mistakes, and learn by doing. For instance, students may choose camera trap locations based on the classroom training module, then evaluate the effectiveness of their decisions by analyzing the resulting data. This process helps bridge theory and practice while building confidence in problem-solving and tool use.

In cases where participants cannot operate the tools directly, trainers and field practitioners from host institutions provide live demonstrations, such as tracking wildlife using GPS or operating drones, ensuring students still gain exposure to how these technologies function in real-world conservation settings.

  • Access to technology tools at host institution for practical use 
  • Opportunities for students to trial and test tools themselves
  • Experience instructors to provide guidance and support 
  • When paired with supporting background information, we have found these hands-on experiences to be more impactful than traditional lectures or merely observing technology in use 
  • Providing opportunities to engage with the entire lifecycle of a technology (e.g., from set up and deployment to data collection and analysis) better prepares students for using these technologies in their own projects
Strengthening early career potential

We select participants who are at the beginning stages of their careers, such as those who have completed their bachelor’s degrees and are entering the NGO or conservation workforce or embarking on higher education.The goal is to identify participants whose careers would benefit the most from the type and amount of training, funding, mentorship, and support we provide. Over the past two years, we’ve recruited at least one participant from a non-academic background who nevertheless possesses extensive on-the-ground experience. These individuals have thrived in the program, highlighting an opportunity to further cater to this audience in future iterations.

  • Strong networks with local academic institutions and regional NGOs help us attract a large pool of qualified applicants (~200 applications per year)
  • Tailored educational materials that align with the needs of early-career participants
  • Community of same-stage participants form strong and enduring connections 
  • Initially, we included participants at various career stages, but we found that older, more experienced individuals have different needs and require a distinct program tailored to their experience level
  • Our entry-level training materials were less useful for women with more experience in the field