Publication of ouputs

In order to commit Research-Practice Teams in the Heritage Place Lab on a voluntary basis, it was necessary to establish the production of tangible outputs that would be useful for individuals, institutions and heritage places. The Heritage Place Lab proposed to develop and publish the research agendas resulting from the process, the publication of a special issue on the Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development (Emerald) which is an important step for academics, and the production of Nature-Culture solutions to be published on PANORAMA. 

- WHLP runs the PANORAMA Nature-Culture Community;

- ICCROM, main implementing partner is itself a research institution and has in-house publishing;

- Partnership established with the Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development (Emerald) for the development of the special issue.

The process of publishing outputs adds to the process of the online incubator workshops, so it is important to calculate the timing for both processes, as well as counting with resources for editorial work and follow-up. This needs to be established before starting the implementation.

Establishing partnerships between research institutions and management authorities

The World Heritage Leadership Programme (WHLP) released an open call for applications for Research-Practice Teams interested in working on World Heritage management issues collaboratively in the experimental Heritage Place Lab. The Research-Practice Teams had to be composed of a group of researchers (2-4), and a  group of site managers (2-4). The research group could include faculty members, post-doctoral and graduate students, based in one or more research institutions, covering cultural heritage and/or natural heritage fields. The group of site managers could include 2-4 members involved in the management of one World Heritage property, which could belong to one or more institutions (managing authorities, municipality, community among others), and who were part of the World Heritage site management system. The WHLP encouraged Research-Practice Teams to work cross-regionally and in multi and interdisciplinary groups, including considering gender and intergenerational balance as priorities. Research-Practice Teams had to commit to working together for the duration of the Heritage Place Lab pilot phase and its follow-up activities, (including in between the 6 incubator online workshops).

- Existing World Heritage research and practice networks, particularly those connected to the WHLP, including those of Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Convention: UNESCO Chairs, Universities Fora, ICOMOS International Scientific Committees, IUCN Commissions and Specialists Groups, and initiatives, like the ICOMOS-IUCN Connecting Practice Project, and the World Heritage Site Managers Forum; 

- Interest in applied research by site managers and researchers;

- Interest of heritage practitioners to connect intersectorally and internationally.

In the process of calling and consultations with potential Research-Practice Teams it became evident that the commitment to such a project would require:

- Institutional support from the side of research institutions and management authorities;

- Potential financial support for ensuring the commitment of both groups in a Team;

- Produce special incentives for researchers beyond financial, such as scientific publications;

- Produce concrete results that would be useful for the management authorities, such as the development of a research agenda that could be used in conjunction with management plans.

 

Habitat Creation

The initial attempt at creating a PVC-lined pond failed because of the lack of aeration and/or filtration and concomittent volume of cottonwood leaves that fell into the stagnant pond in the fall.  Once power was brought to the site, concrete ponds with redundant aeration and filtration systems were added.

The pond upgrades were financed with funds from the Springs Preserve and Southern Nevada Water Authority budgets.

Contruction and engineering design plans were critical to obtaining the necessary permits from the City of Las Vegas. Working with a pond design expert resulted in relatively low maintenance, redundant, and passive aeration and filtration systems with biological and mechanical components.

Partnership Across Sectors

When it was announced that the Galo tract would be developed into a residential area it concerned parties from multiple sectors. Conservationists and bat scientists saw this plan as creating a human-wildlife conflict where there was not one previously, presenting threats to the health and wellbeing of both nature and the human populations. Local government, in particular City Council member Ron Nirenberg, had expressed concerns about the plan mainly focused on the nearby aquifer and the region’s drinking water. To fully assess the major trade-offs of the residential development plan, local government took the step of unifying diverse partners and their cross-cutting interests. By finding common ground in the end goal of preserving the area surrounding the Bracken Bat Cave, stakeholders from diverse sectors were able to transform their individual concerns into a large-scale mutual interest.

Though the group of stakeholders that came together to purchase the Galo tract, including groups with previously conflicting interests, had separate motivations, their openness to collaboration allowed them to find common ground. By recognizing their mutual interest and identifying where their concerns intersected a partnership was developed and a shared goal was achieved.

All stakeholders involved in this project had their own individual concerns with the residential development planned for the area surrounding the Bracken Bat Cave. While each issue, including but not limited to water safety, wildlife conservation, and human health risks, was troubling in and of itself, no lone stakeholder could create a strong enough case to prevent the development from moving forward. The local government recognized the value in collaboration and created a space for previously siloed sectors to come together. By developing partnerships where there were previously gaps, particularly between the environmental and human health sectors, the larger solution of purchasing the land and creating a preservation was made possible.

Innovative solutions to air pollution

Co-created transdisciplinary approaches using methods such as interviews, storytelling, participatory mapping, theatre, playful activities and music can contribute to air pollution awareness and solutions to improved air quality. This approach accounts for local knowledge, cultural practices and priorities of the intended recipients of interventions, thereby making these interventions and respective air pollution abatement policies more effective and inclusive.  

  • Use of a mixture of qualitative, participatory and creative approaches to engage with a wide range of stakeholders can lead to an improved understanding of air pollution (and its effects on human and ecosystem health) and appropriateness of respective solutions
  • Communication between affected communities and policymakers at equal and appreciative level 
  • Contrasting definitions of air pollution
  • Unexpected solutions to the problem
  • Differing perceptions of who was responsible for enacting solutions
  • Overall view that air pollution cannot be seen in isolation from other socio-environmental issues faced by settlement residents
Recognize and Evaluate Phenological phenomena

Establish a professional platform for meteorological research and phenological phenomena forecasting, combined with a real-time image capturing and recognizing system.

  • Study on the conditions for the formation of phenomena, establish the in-time analysis system for clarifying and establishing a statistic model for forecasting.
  • Meteorological equipment recognizes and forecasts the appearance of the phenomenon, then professional monitoring equipment captures, records, and broadcasts real-time images of the landscape.
  • With long-term data analysis, we established the platform, improving its accuracy with daily machine learning, classifying different phenomena from their feature in appearance, and providing progressing forecasts.

For echoing the challenge of climate change, the monitors of Mount Lushan used meteorological monitoring equipment combined with high-definition images to monitor the landscape of phenological phenomena and proved that the frequency and scale of its occurrence are correspondingly stable now, with the accuracy of approximately 60% to 80%.

Development of diversified livelihoods

EGI conducted a rapid assessment on diversified livelihoods to find out what were local communities already doing.

Bee keeping came out as a common income generating activity, driven by a high demand in honey products. The households’ income has increased through the sale of honey and derived products, such as medicine, bee venom, propolis, wine, cosmetics. This is now cushioning them against climate change impact such as prolonged droughts and floods that have negative impacts on agriculture, hence able to sustain income and their livelihoods which is thus addressing the key drivers of poaching.

Another sector of intervention was agriculture. Local communities were trained to improve the resistance of their crops to climate change.

Community champions took a leadership role in exchanging with their larger community. They also co-drafted their bylaws with EGI, during community meetings, that mandate people not to trade in any act of poaching, trade-in species or products, illegal entry into the Protected Area. These were the first local regulations ever in the area.

 

 

 

  • Identifying and using community champions model is an effective tool and method for engaging communities to diversify their livelihoods, increase acceptability of the project and attract communities to embrace conservation efforts. This enables rapid adoption of the alternatives livelihoods options.

 

  • Partnerships with the key stakeholders including UWA and district environment and forest officers is very critical for EGI to continue engaging with the communities during the COVID 19 crisis.

 

  • Managing wildlife conflicts and threats like poaching require more community involvement and participation in planning, implementation and designing the end goal, it increases ownership and sharpens effective strategies.

 

  • Conducting community needs assessment to determine the approaches that work with different communities is key to applying tailor made interventions.

 

  • Responding to a conservation crisis requires careful understanding of community needs and using them to model immediate and long term interventions that increase the attachment communities have on wildlife.
Management and protection of the wild breeding population

Captive reared birds tend to use the same type of nest in which they were raised. Based on this theory, nest boxes were installed along cliffs and a working quarry adjacent to the release site. Ronez, the quarry owners, paid for a UK expert to visit Jersey to help plan, design, and install the boxes.

 

The first nests, in 2015, were inside quarry buildings, not the boxes. Boxes began to be used as competition for nest sites increased. When two nests failed due to being built on dangerous machinery, staff installed boxes and successfully encouraged the pairs to nest in them, allowing quarry staff to continue operations.

 

Nesting activity is closely monitored allowing staff to estimate incubation, hatch, and fledge dates based on pair behavior at the supplemental feed and/or from direct nest observations. Chicks are ringed and DNA sexed in the nest where feasible. Alternatively, fledged chicks that visit the supplemental feed site can be trapped in the aviary when called for food, ringed, and immediately released. This option was used in 2020 and 2021 when COVID-19 prevented access to the quarry.

 

The recently revised Jersey wildlife law gives full protection to chough nests. Staff are now working to increase public awareness and offer nest boxes as mitigation when choughs nest on private property.

  • Bringing in outside expertise
  • Developing a strong stakeholder relationship - Ronez appointed a liaison officer who works with Durrell to access, monitor, and protect nest sites.
  • An enthusiastic team willing to go above and beyond for the species.
  • Accessible nest sites with an alternative option for ringing juveniles/adults, i.e. the aviary at the supplemental feed site.
  • A supportive public equipped with species knowledge, the means to report sightings, and are respectful of the wildlife laws.
  • Public awareness and support have resulted in additional invaluable data about dispersal, roost and nest-site selection, and habitat use. In 2021, a new roost site was discovered at an equestrian yard when the owner contacted the project officer questioning the presence of an ‘unusual crow’. A single female chough was identified roosting in the stables with a visiting pair attempting to nest nearby. Despite this, an evaluation of the reintroduction in 2019 identified an overall lack of public awareness. As the reintroduced population grows and new territories form away from the protected release site it will become increasingly important to have an informed and engaged public supporting the conservation management.

 

  • Staffing has been very limited and restrictive. There is no dedicated marketing or educational outreach team. During the breeding season, monitoring multiple sites is only possible if there is a student placement assisting the project officer.
Assess feasibility and develop a strategic plan

Jersey farmland bird transects have been conducted by Durrell staff, partners and volunteers since 2005. This data combined with other datasets highlighted declining population trends leading to the publication of The Conservation Status of Jersey’s Birds.

 

In 2010, a partnership between Durrell, the National Trust for Jersey, and the Government of Jersey established Birds On The Edge, a conservation initiative to restore depleted coastal farmland bird populations. The reintroduction of chough acting as a driving force to implement change.

 

Feasibility studies supported the need to reintroduce chough; natural colonization was not a feasible option. They also identified a release site at Le Don Paton on the north coast. The National Trust for Jersey introduced a free-ranging flock of Manx loaghtan sheep to graze the site ensuring the birds had natural foraging habitat once released. The National Trust also purchased adjacent agricultural fields to avoid any land management conflicts and to sow conservation crops (another component of the initiative).

 

A reintroduction plan was created following IUCN Guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations. This document assisted in securing licensing for the release, initial funding, and provided a way of clearly communicating intentions to stakeholders.

  • Accessible baseline data to make informed decisions.
  • Visionary and experienced project leaders.
  • Existing guidelines for a reintroduction.
  • Land ownership by a project partner makes it easier to determine and carry out management decisions.
  • Jersey is a small island with relatively less bureaucracy than other countries and a smaller network of players.

There is a lack of baseline data for habitat quality pre-grazing and pre-reintroduction particularly habitat mapping and invertebrate biodiversity. This is evident when evaluating the success of Birds On The Edge and assessing the long-term needs of the reintroduced chough population. With hindsight, more could have been done.

 

More formality between the Birds On The Edge partnerships would help with strategic planning, clarity for donors, and improve communication and outreach. There is no contracted position to oversee the management of Birds On The Edge. There is no team specifically dealing with marketing and education which has limited the effectiveness of our outreach, especially with social media an increasingly important tool for engagement and funding resources.

Policy Frameworks in the Scope of Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport in the Marshall Islands

The national fleet of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) highly depends on imported fuels and is therefore a significant source of GHG-emissions. The bilateral program “Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport (LCST)” implemented by RMI and the Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) aims at supporting the RMI Government´s planning and decision-making processes with respect to its low carbon future and the reduction of GHG-emissions from domestic sea transport, through consultancy, research, training, coordination of policy support to RMI and supporting in delivering RMI’s commitments under UNFCCC to achieve reduced GHG emissions from domestic shipping 40% below 2010 levels by 2030 and full decarbonization by 2050.

The Marshallese Government founded and is an active member of the High Ambition Coaltion for Shipping (SHAC) at IMO and UNFCCC and due to their ambition, the group of supporters of an ambitious contribution of sea transport to the climate goals is growing. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international meetings and high-level conferences are taking place remotely to a high extend.

The development and facilitation of capacity development under the LCST project has the aim to enhance knowledge of IMO structures and ways to contribute to high-level forums and negotiations such as UNFCCC for different ministries in RMI. RMI plays a key role in securing ambitious goals and climate leadership continously develops with the support of partners to RMI. Through workshops, support on negotiation techniques and media outreach, visibility and recognition is increased and RMI's voice heard on the international stage. 

Together with Independent Diplomat, the project supports the RMI Government in actively participating at high-level policy negotiations and conferences such as the High Ambition Coalition and the IMO.

Developing distance learning resources, presentations and briefs on climate mitigation in shipping to provide an overview of air emissions and climate change issues in maritime transport are highly important

Developing international responses and frameworks to climate change by the shipping sector and delivering web-based information sessions on climate mitigation in shipping and maritime transport help to facilitate workshops in the region and other SIDS.

Highlighting past and on-going IMO activities and the wider industry equip partners with knowledge of relevant debates leading to the adoption and implementation of positions, strategies and declarations in international high-level forums.