Institutional framework, legal requirements and management
Community welfare
Importance of conservation
Upscaling agroecological practices through joint networking
The various zones engage in joint zonal networking activities such as having joint learning and sharing forums, joint farmer exchange visits, joint exhibitions, joint proposal writing and implementation among others. This enhances learning and sharing amongst the network members as this provides an opportunity to interact. Through the zonal initiative, members are able to apply for consortium funds are this enhances their level of winning the funds. For instance, five members from Nairobi and Central zone are currently implementing a joint project by the name Food Security and Livelihoods (FOSELI). This is a way of creating synergy and doing things that one member organization cannot do alone.
PELUM Kenya secretariat supports zonal initiatives in its programmes and promotes a suitable ground for members to engage each other
PELUM Kenya has recruited zonal Networking Coordinators who are engaged in enhancing networking amongst members in a zone
The zonal members hold periodic meetings to discuss various issues regarding theis zones as a way of reflecting and improving
There is need to plan early especially for activities that engage various members so that there is time to intergaret in the organizational plans and for effectiveness
There is need for members to be engaged from the planning stage to the implementation stage to minimize conflicts
Clustering member organizations from one region in one zone
The decentralised zonal networking operates in such a manner that member organizations from a certain geographical region are clustered together in one zone. This brings together members who are experiencing similar challenges based on their geographical locations together.
The members are able to engage in decision making process and representation in various initiative in the national network is based on zonal representation and decisions
Members in the same zone are therefore able to meet more in a cost effective manner as limited time and resources is require to engage a fellow member organization in the same zone
The members in a certain zone are also able to engage in joint advocacy initiatives in their various regions
By clustering members in a certain geographical region, the members are able to know each other, interact more and engage in activities that enhance learning and sharing amongst themselves
Participatory processes that engage the zonal emmbers: Various zones are given the mandate to make decisions that involve the zone and are also represented in various intitiaves by the national secretariats
There is need to encourage zonal members in decision making for ownership and sustaiability purposes
Clustering member organizations from one region in one zone
Upscaling agroecological practices through joint networking
Using tourism economic data for analysis, reporting and influencing decision-making
Iguaçu National Park
thiago Beraldo
The main objective of tourism and recreation economic analysis have been used for public relations objectives. Common objectives of tourism economic analyses have been to increase support for raising PA budgets, for building partnerships, and for influencing local policies and planning decisions.
These types of uses require lower levels of detail or accuracy compared with other studies focused on evaluating management alternatives for specific PA issues, like decisions about new investments, facilities or services. For instance, park managers may wish to use this tool for the purpose of adaptive management and/or integrate economic impact evaluation with a livelihoods or social analysis of the PA that reveals non-monetary benefits and costs. In such cases, the study should be designed to allow for estimation of local level impacts.
At the same time, government administrators may wish to compare the national level value of a park with other land uses or parks in similar regions. What is important is that major stakeholders are consulted prior to the design phase so that chosen measures and their relationship to the park reflect what is desired to be known by the intended audience.
The presentation of the results should be focused on the purpose of the report and the audience. Figures and examples facilitate the public understanding. In order to support presentations,
PA managers should communicate the TEMPA results in order to raise awareness among policy-makers, conservation and commercial stakeholders, local communities, and the public at large of the value that PAs serve not just for conservation but also as engines for benefit-sharing.
Results should be communicated in terms that are understandable to the intended audience. Normally, a summary and glossary of economic terms is helpful for most audiences. The most common measures are sales, income, jobs, GDP and taxes; formal definitions of the measures are also needed to clarify these terms and the measurement units.
Tourism Economic Model in Protected Areas (TEMPA) assessment tool
Table Mountain National Park - Boulders - South Africa
Thiago Beraldo
As part of a larger effort to assess the socio-economic impacts of GEF-funded Protected Areas, the Tourism Economic Model for Protected Areas (TEMPA) was developed to help guide project managers and others in the collection, analysis and display of tourism spending data using an easy to use spreadsheet-based tool, which is also provided. Despite the fact that economic impact analysis has been applied in many countries, such as, USA, Canada, Australia, Finland, Namibia, and South Africa, this preliminary version of the tool and accompanying spreadsheet represents an initial step in a longer process of testing and refining TEMPA in a wide range of protected area categories globally. At present, TEMPA has been tested only in one selected park in Southern Africa, and nationally for Brazil. Results show significant direct and indirect economic gains from parks at the local and national level. It is hoped that the widespread use of tools such as TEMPA can continue to build from this effort to highlight the important multi-faceted role that protected areas play in supporting nature and livelihoods.
Estimating the economic effects of visitor expenditure
Economic Effects = Number of Visitors * Average spending per visitor * Economic multipliers
To complete the analysis, the manager undertaking a park study needs to collect or estimate the following:
the number of visitors who visit the parks and surrounding area;
the average spending per visitor in the region, and;
apply economic multipliers to measure the ripple effects of expenditure within the region (TEMPA).
The TEMPA model assists the manager with entering data and calculating the economic impact of a park. Setting up the calculations to estimate the economic effects of tourism expenditure may seem rather daunting, especially to people with little experience in economics and the analysis of economic data. Therefore, the model that will do most of the work, and is likely to surprise with how easy it is to use.
