GIS and Remote Sensing for mapping pasture areas

Maintaining pastures as a natural resource is easily to been done by the application of GIS and remote sensing tools to develop accurate classification maps, e.g. pastures, hay meadows, grassland. The combination of digital data and spatial technology enables detailed and useful monitoring of aboveground green vegetation biomass and grassland composition. Besides, resources and attributes can be monitored for knowledge management and long-term decision planning.  

  • Mapping of pasture/ grassland ecosystem services and understanding of its contribution to human well-being  

  • Facilitate regular monitoring at the management level 

  • Short-term study of the positive and negative effects on pasture or grassland areas 

  • Existence of relevant legal bases and close involvement of relevant bodies in the planning process 

  • All factors that may affect pastures should be identified as spatial data 

  • Mapping and monitoring changes in grassland vegetation cover is essential to understand grasslands dynamics 

  • Reliable monitoring of changes in vegetation cover in grasslands is crucial for accurate and sustainable land management 

  • Gathering more field/ ground truthing data was one of the important notes 

  • It is vital to test and demonstrate different geospatial analyses to showcase what measures have the most impact on which erosion/degredadion situations and foster understanding for the solutions. 

Educating the public

The park has established a complete geological site monitoring system, updating interpretation board more than 1200 panels, using easy-to-understand language and illustrated way to explain the typical geological site.We also take annual Earth Day, Environment Day and China Geopark Science Popularization Week as opportunities to hold  theme science popularization education activities in the park, such as issuing leaflets, accepting public consultation, giving lectures on geological environmental for primary and secondary school students, and organizing science popularization tours. The idea is to increase awareness among people, which is very important for the public to understand geological sites.

As the public does not have a deep understanding of the high quality geological relic resources in this region, the park needs to strengthen the popularization of science and has the obligation to popularize to the public what geological relic is, what kind of tourism value and scientific value it has, so that the public can better understand our Mother Earth, love and protect the Earth.

To educate the public, we should educate our staff first. For staff, training has boraden their range of knowledge and also increased their passion for work. By doing so, the dedicated staff will provide vivid explanation during the guide tour. The tourists will not only learn the natural landscape but also enjoy the interactive and enthusiastic tours. 

 

Training staff in monitoring skills

The geological monitoring system provides a training platform to advance the technical ability of the staff.Through the operation of the monitoring system and the combination of on-site monitoring points, the staff has learned the monitoring technology of geological relics and its standard system, and has further deepened the understanding and recognition of the development law, geological background and evolution process of geological relics.

In the past, the only monitoring work the monitoring staff could do was systematic operation because of lack of professional knowledge. We not only upgraded the monitoring systems but also provided training workshops to our staff, covering topic range from law to scientific management. The workshops have enhanced their monitoring skills. With solid knowledge, the staff have also provided high quality guide to the visitors.

The original system installed did not consider the possibility of upgrading the facilities. We found malfunctions after we tried to incorporate high-tech such as cloud platform.After increasing investment to upgrade the system, stable and reliable video monitoring and early warning system could be implemented for each point  of geological remains. Through safe, scientific and effective management, by implementing all-weather, omni-directional 24 hours for live monitoring and early warning and personnel record, we have achieved the goal of strengthening on-site supervision and safety management; have improved the quality of service, have made our management work more standardized, scientific, accurate, intelligent, and informative, which provides a strong guarantee for the safety of tourists.  

Rewilding for restoring key species and their ecological roles in a degraded ecosystem

We developed the Iberá Rewilding Program, aimed at
re-establishing sustainable populations of all locally extirpated
fauna. These reintroductions are mainly aimed to advance ecological restoration instead of individual species endangered recovery. Also, focusing in the restoration of key species which effect in the ecosystem is stronger, we guarantee the restoration of their role and the recovery of a healthy and balanced ecosystem
 

- Planning, feasibility assessments and permits

-Source of animals

- Quarantine phase and hand-rearing 

 -Pre-release phase

-Release of individuals

- Individuals monitoring

- Reintroduced population monitoring and demographic evaluation

- Demographic assessment

- Communication and program evaluation
 

We recognize two main organizational strengths that have
helped us to achieve our rewilding results in Iberá: the availability of large areas of high-quality and well-protected habitat for
released animals (some of which were owned and managed by us),
and the existence of long-term funding that allowed us to work
for more than 10 years. These advantages are not always available
to reintroduction projects, which usually face difficulties in habitat
and funding availability.
 

School Based Management Solutions

Practical implementation guidelines strengthen school based management.

Integration of measures in school routines and improvement of planning, promoting community involvement and participation. School-level monitoring and budgeting are supported by the program through practical implementation guidelines to strengthen school-based management.

  • Integration of measures in school improvement planning is a straighforward way to ensure time and resource allocation for activities and improvements. For that, it is necessary that school management considers school health and WinS as part of their core tasks
  • Community involvement and participation are the most powerful tool to achieve improvements despite limited government budgets for infrastructure and materials. District level officials can play an important facilitating role in that process
  • School level monitoring and budgeting need to be based on understanding the benchmarks that need to be achieved, the current status, and take into account available resources from Ministry side and community support
Monitoring System

What gets measured, gets done. WinS monitoring and recognition systems strengthen large-scale WinS implementation.

The program supports the national integration of SDG indicators related to school health and WASH in Schools, as well as implementation of the WinS Three Star Approach – an integrated monitoring and recognition system that guides and encourages stepwise improvements and enables more specific WinS programme management. The programme further supports visualization of data using a WinS dashboard, regular reports and feedback mechanisms to schools.

  • WinS/Three Star monitoring and recognition system (Philippines, Lao PDR, Cambodia, Indonesia) has helped to move WinS improvments forward, but is a process that takes time and needs to involve the Ministry in the driver´s seat and partners willing to align and support
  • Data visualization via WinS dashboards can be a powerful tool to create transparency and allow schools, districts and provinces to develop a sense of where they stand relative to others - which in turn might motivate further improvements
  • The WinS/Three Star monitoring system in Cambodia and the availability of national data proved crucial to plan for COVID-19 response measures and support and illustrated the practical application of monitoring data for various ministries involved
  • Monitoring and self assessment serve as a strong capacity development measure - through careful design schools can be guided on what to prioritze and how to progress through improvements over time
Supportive Policies

Supportive policy and frameworks guide implementation.

The programme works closely with the Ministries of Education in the development of national WASH in Schools policies and their implementation guidelines.

  • Supporting WASH in Schools (WinS) and school health policy development facilitates anchoring and focusing implementation processes and key interventions
  • Supporting the development of implementation guidelines allows for practical application of policies
  • Developing and locally contextualizing the WinS Three Star Approach (UNICEF/GIZ 2013) – an integrated monitoring and recognition system, that encourages stepwise improvements - proved invaluable to illustrate for countries in the region, how they could advance WinS with existing resources and structures
Early Warning System

Through a fully functioning integrated health monitoring system for people, habitat and habituated apes and other wildlife, an early warning system was created. The aim is to detect prevalent diseases early and prevent its spreading within wildlife or human population through improved collaboration with public health and civil society actors. The Health monitoring system comprises:

Health condition of habituated gorillas are monitored daily. The Primate Habituation Programme was started by WWF back in 1997 and is one of the main pillars of the conservation work in Dzanga-Sangha ever since. Habituation has started in Campo Ma'an since 4 years. 

A variety of methods are used to investigate the spread of zoonotic pathogens in the natural habitat, such as collecting monthly faecal and urine samples from the gorillas and, less frequently, from mangabeys, collecting vectors such as carrion flies, and regularly taking swab and necropsy samples from carcasses. These are then analysed in the field laboratory.

Conservation and ecotourism employees and their families receive annual health checkups and vaccinations, and are closely monitored in suspected cases.

  • an operational field laboratory for the collection and analysis of samples from wildlife, 
  • continous health monitoring of the habituated gorillas; 
  • regular health monitoring of conservation and ecotourism staff and their families.

 

  • The long-term cooperation with RKI/HIOH has contributed to the professionalisation of the field laboratories through equipment, training and knowledge exchange.
  • Preventive health surveillance and the consideration of human, wildlife and habitat health within a One Health concept proved to be very effective in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. Quick and targeted intervention was possible.

  • Peer-to-peer training and knowledge exchange between the two sites has substantially improved performance in Campo Ma'an.

Establishment of the Lushan World Heritage Monitoring and Early Warning System (LMES)

The establishment of the interactive system between the site, managers, and visitors

With accurate meteorological forecasting, the platform can send accurate time and location of the appearance of phenological phenomena to users, and users of the platform can also interactively record and do live streams in return.

Tourists of Mount Lushan can appreciate the cultural landscape sufficiently by subscribing to the forecast from LMES. At the same time, LMES can also send and receive images and videos interactively.

Effective management

In cooperation with Tsinghua University, Huangshan has developed a monitoring system covering various evaluation indicators of the three designations, issued monitoring reports every year, analyzed the work of the whole mountain and guided the future work plan.

We have improved our display and education system to make employees, communities and school students better understand the values and connections of UNESCO designations. We have launched various forms of educational activities, used our Wechat official account, geopark museum, interpretation boards, promotional materials and website to demonstrate the different values of Huangshan. 30 sessions of Huangshan Nature Lecture were held. 20 education articles about integrated management were published on Wechat account. Our English website and 40 interpretation boards were updated to include content about integrated management.

1. Support from partner university

2. Monitoring and education are the common goals of the three designations.

Monitoring reports need to be distributed to every department and exchanged to better support each other.

The use of the media is needed to publicize the work and achievements. This can not only show achievements but also attract more partners, bring more cooperation opportunities and expand influence.