Elaborate a Protocol to minimize the damages caused by COVID19 and to be able to open the Protected Area for the enjoyment of tourists and the economic exploitation by the Tourist Service Providers, based on a traffic light by levels and capacities of load and by permitted activities.

Participatory strategy carried out with environmental, tourism, surveillance and tourism service providers, academics and researchers and civil organizations, which sets the actions and goals to be achieved for the conservation of the reproduction, births and breeding of the sea lion colony as the most precious conservation object of the protected area and the most important source of income for tourism service providers.

This management has two components:

• The Leadership component: aimed at young emerging leaders with a desire to be active agents in the creation of sustainable communities.
• The research component: aimed at scientists and students who wish to use the Mamoní Valley Reserve as a living laboratory for their scientific research.
• The leadership component works with calls for young people to participate in the different programs that we develop both in the reserve and in urban forests, and the research component works with collaboration agreements with universities and scientific institutions.

In addition to the formality and territorial planning related to the Local System of Protected Areas, the municipality, based on environmental management, developed the following components as a highly important strategy:

- Promotion of incentives for community and landowner participation to restore natural protective vegetation that improves ecological connectivity and functionality.

- Awareness-raising and education actions to promote knowledge of the biodiversity of municipal ecosystems and the importance of SILAPE as a strategy to conserve this functionality and strategic ecosystems.

- Identifying the biodiversity of the different groups as fundamental knowledge to take actions for their conservation and encourage participation in conservation and conservation decisions in land use planning.

- Actions to protect endangered fauna in sites of connectivity disruption and vulnerability of highly important fauna species. Includes implementation of aerial wildlife crossings (61 installed).

The Municipal Council of Envigado adopted Agreement 009 which aims to contribute to the identification, conservation, management and proper management of strategic ecosystems and protected areas in the jurisdiction of the municipality, articulating these actions to departmental, regional and national management scales that strengthen human sustainability through the effective achievement of conservation objectives.

The shade-grown yerba mate model generates profitable economic income from the added value of recovering forests while maintaining traditional organic customs and practices around yerba mate. Ancestral Guarani techniques are combined with modern low-impact agroecological management techniques for yerba mate production. The market for organic yerba mate continues to grow annually as a nutritious foodstuff and international markets are in high demand.

Quantifiable outcomes for the participants. We trained 74 locals (naturalist guides, farmers, and fishermen) in research skills, field experience, laboratory (molecular work), and sequencing (DNA) tools.

The number of species sampled. To date, we have produced over 10,000 of DNA sequences from soil and water samples to be analyzed, all produced on the Galapagos by local trainees.

Field trips and samples collected: In total, 15 field seasons were performed on three islands where locals learn field techniques and data collection. We have already collected over 200 samples of soil (microbiome research) and 10 of water (metabarcoding).

The production of yerba mate under shade is a model in which yerba mate - Ilex paraguariensis - is grown in degraded or totally deforested areas of the Atlantic Forest, during the production cycle it is enriched with other native tree species to generate shade and the ground cover is preserved with biomass, it is replicable in the Atlantic Forest region.Indigenous Mbya Guaraní communities have ancestrally managed yerba mate without greatly disturbing the forest, and this model combines ancestral techniques with modern agroecology.

Char is carbonized organic matter that is produced by pyrolysis.

Biochar is char used for biotechnology, such as in agriculture.

Charcoal is char used as fuel.

Biochar has some important properties:

1. Resistance against biological and chemical decomposition, so it lasts in soil for centuries and can be used to store atmospheric carbon.
2. A high surface area
3. Negatively charged surfaces and some positive charges with can hold soluble plant nutients such as nitrogen and potassium and other minerals.

In Bangladesh, the soils are often low in soil organic matter, because the warm-humid climate and agricultural tillage promote organic matter breakdown.   Soil that are low in organic matter become hard and open pore space.  Crop growth can be severely limited.

Given the excellent climate from growing crops, improving the organic matter in Bangladeshi soils can have profound results.  Biochar can do this because it doesn't break down.  Instead, it combines with manures, composts and soil organic matter to from new, stable humus.

By increasing soil organic matter there is:

1. An increase in soil crumbs and large pore space
2. Increased aeration
3. Increased water penetration
4. Increased plant-available water
5. Increased soil life
6. Increase root growth and crop yield.

A TLUD is a simple gasifier that is composed of a vertical tube that is filled with small pieces of wood, or densified biomass like pellets, balls or small briquettes. This is called a 'fuel bed.' It is ignited at the top, and underfed with primary air from a grate at the bottom. The ignition front travels down through the fuel by radiating heat into the raw fuel, drying it, and initiating pyrolysis. Released volatiles are ignited by the flame. The reaction is sometimes called a “migratory flaming pyrolytic front” (MFPF). Residual char is left on top of the fuel bed as the MFPF moves down.   

The burning volatiles create an orange gas flame for cooking.  Once pyrolysis is completed, the orange flame goes out, and the left-over char is colleded and smothered, or quenched with water.

We needed the "Akha," a culturally-appropriate TLUD for Bangladesh.  It had to be made locally, study, and made with with as little (imported) metal as possible.  Because of its heavy construction, it has a hinged grate for removing the char.  To protect the Akha for free use, an there is an open-access patent.  The current version of the Akha is a prototype being evaluated for acceptance, and obvious improvements can be made.