Monitoring | PANORAMA

Creación oficial del Parque

Una vez que las familias fueron trasladadas se comenzó una intensa tarea de limpieza, remoción de residuos (alrededor de 200 camiones completos de basura) y un saneamieno general de ese espacio.

Finalmente, en el año 2005 se pudo formalmente declarar la creación del Parque Natural Emperatriz a través de tres fases: la primera con la implementación de áreas de recreación, equipamiento acorde y un área de 170 ha para la conservación de la biodiversidad; la segunda etapa en 2012 y una tercera fue la creación del Jardín Botánico. Actualmente, tanto el Parque como el Jardín Botánico conforman un mosaico de áreas protegidas.

Un factor clave en la creación del Parque ha sido la iniciativa y lucha constante del " Grupo Do Parque" que desde muchos años atrás viene apoyando este proyecto, también ha sido determinante la Ley Municipal creadora del mismo, dando un marco regulatorio formal a la conformación de este área.

De este proyecto se han aprendido varias lecciones, entre ellas: Ha sido fructífera la insistencia por parte de la sociedad civil (Grupo do Parque) en la imperiosa necesidad de rescatar y revalorizar el lugar.

El Parque ha supuesto una gran fuente de educación ambiental para toda la sociedad, demostrando la posibilidad de conciliar la perfecta armonía entre recreación, preservación, disfrute y goce de sus recursos naturales.

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Reubicación de familias a través de una acertada política habitacional

Un plan estratégico habitacional efectivo y adaptado a esa situación estructural fue clave en la recuperación de este área tan devastada.

Se ha llevado a cabo el traslado de alrededor de 200 familias y, posteriormente, una extensa limpieza del sector a través de un proceso de recuperación y conservación permanente. Dichas familias se dedicaban a la separación de basura y de residuos sólidos domiciliarios e industriales, material que luego comercializaban. Este proceso era realizado de forma irregular y sin conocimiento de la temática, es así que esta actividad se tornaba un elemento perjudicial adicional en este ya devastado escenario para el medio ambiente .

Este proyecto habitacional, a diferencia de lo que sucede en muchas partes de Sudamérica, ha sido planificado e implementado en forma humanizada, atendiendo a las necesidades de las personas que habitaban el lugar. Ha sido un proceso habitacional de calidad, que no sólo ha reubicado a las familias sino que también ha ayudado a capacitarlas en actividades de reciclaje para llevar el proceso de manera más profesional, consciente y alineada a la normativa de esta actividad.

Esto ha sido posible gracias la buena predisposición y al diálogo mutuo de las autoridades municipales con las familias que habitaban el área, sin dejar de mencionar el hecho de haber declarado de utilidad pública ya en el año 1994 al área donde actualmente se emplaza el Parque, esto ha dado un marco legal previo y de sostén, reforzando y dando mayor solidez a todas las decisiones tomadas a partir de esa declaración.

Una de las lecciones aprendidas es la manera en cómo fue estructurado el diálogo con las familias ocupantes del área recuperada, el primer paso para comenzar a dialogar con la población fue demostrar fácticamente, es decir, a través de hechos, la conveniencia de proteger el medioambiente.

El relevamiento de la situación actual ha aportado mucho también, revelando las causas que tornaban tan difícil regularizar la situación de esas familias, asimismo, ha demostrado que debido a las condiciones sanitarias, inundaciones etc, era urgente reubicar a esas personas en otras áreas como por ejemplo en el loteamiento Tancredo- Neves , el cuál sí contaba con condiciones dignas de habitación, agua, luz, servicios sanitarios, etc.

El gran aprendizaje aquí, también ha sido que las familias al ver las ventajas que esta iniciativa supondría, han hecho que la situación fluya en direcciones beneficiosas para todas las partes, pero muy especialmente para el cuidado y preservación de la biodiversidad, un recurso de todos y para beneficio de todos.

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Sustainable financing from terms of TAC behavioral adjustments and environmental offsets

In order to financially sustain the project, a plan has been implemented to obtain resources from the terms of conduct adjustment (TAC) as well as environmental compensation; however, the TACs do not have a specific allocation for APAs and the Municipal Environmental Fund as the destination of payments, As they are recent, they do not yet have fixed disbursement criteria, so financial resources derived from the Iporanga and Tijucopava plots are used for the suppression of irregular vegetation and occupation without environmental licenses, thus allowing for the purchase of a 611-hectare reserve.

This has been possible, in part, thanks to:

The co-responsibility in the performance of the Council.
The fluent communication within and outside of this organization
The Council's commitment to society
The Council's operational efficiency
The effectiveness in the management of the APA
The effectiveness of the APA for conservation and sustainability.

From this we have learned that the fluid, constant and consolidated communication in the Council has allowed better communication campaigns for a better understanding of the needs of the different communities, and a greater understanding and reduction of tensions in a previous scenario, thus achieving the promotion and awareness of the need to protect the natural and cultural heritage, etc. of the region.

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High degree of involvement of the Council with society

The level of involvement obtained was very significant, strengthening the interaction, the relationship with the process of implementation and management of the APA as well as in the performance of the councilors, their organizations of origin, the sector represented in the Council, and other social actors and society in general.

This was possible thanks to the direct insertion of the actors within the APA and its deliberative nature, it was also possible thanks to having introduced a process of building and reinforcing trust between the parties to counteract the effects of previous conflictive situations on land use and it is for this reason that the involvement of the councilors was an element present from the beginning.

Another favorable factor was the monthly frequency of the Council meetings.

The monthly meetings have proven to be an important tool to favor and encourage the participation of the management body, and it has also been learned that the quick response to the problems raised by the board members promotes a great feeling of inclusion in the participatory process.

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Environmental zoning for a better delimitation of areas

Social mapping of the communities of Icapuí - APA zoning detail

Fuente:Atlas socioambiental

Detailed reference to the APA zoning

Atlas socioambiental

As a tool to assist in environmental management, the zoning was carried out by the Brasil Cidadano Foundation, through the "Olho na Agua" Project, in conjunction with municipal support.

The environmental zoning has been divided into the following zones:

Environmental preservation zone - ZPA
Environmental conservation zone - ZCA
Environmental Recovery Zone - ZRA
Biodiversity Recruitment Zone - ZRB
Village Expansion Control Zone - ZCEV
Traditional use and fishing zone - ZUT
Birds, Marine Boi fish and Macroalgae monitoring zone - ZMAP
Seaweed cultivation zone - ZALGAS

This generated a correct attribution of uses and activities, allowing the realization of those activities proper to each zoning, restricting activities incompatible with each zoning category.

The effectiveness of the measures taken, due to the flagrant situation caused by the companies installed there, when no more licenses were given to them to continue operating, they had no choice but to adapt to the new situation and cease their activities.

This preservation strategy implies an instrument of environmental and urban legislation, allowing at the same time a sustainable and sustainable development and displacing those activities that are harmful to the environment:
To be an effective means to achieve a balance between environmental protection and the development of productive activities without implying a contradiction between these and conservation.
To be a generator of work through the "Women of Body and Seaweed" Foundation. to promote the role of women and gender equality in the workplace.
To be a tool to raise awareness that the management and preservation of natural resources is not only an exclusive task of the Conservation Units, but that it is everyone's duty to watch over the process of management and care of these areas.
That the zoning referred to algae is an attraction for fish, lobsters, shrimps and for the so precious boi-fish, thus achieving the strengthening of these species and enriching the biodiversity of the area.

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Strong partnerships among stakeholders

President of the Mulheres de Corpo e Alga Cooperative, next to the seaweed-based products.

Fuente: Marisete Catapan

Boi conservation project

Fuente: Aquasis

Periodic meetings to facilitate decisions.

Fuente/ Luana Rebouças

Team part of the project

Fuente: Luana Rebouças

The NGO AQUASIS, born in the Federal University of Ceará, has made a great contribution in terms of its research to prevent the extinction of animals, achieving actions of rescue and rehabilitation of marine species, has also provided information to improve the algae bank which is, in turn, food for birds.

There was a great alliance between the Prefecture of Icapuí and the municipal bodies and NGO's in order to avoid signing agreements with oil extracting companies that damage the environment, AQUASIS has also made very productive alliances with the Cooperative of local carciniculturists, for the benefit of the birds that feed on the shrimp in the area, the Mulheres de Corpo e Alga Organization has also been part of this alliance, obtaining very productive results, the Fundação Brasil Cidadão (Brazil Citizen Foundation) has also made very productive alliances with the Cooperative of local carciniculturists, for the benefit of the birds that feed on the shrimps in the area, the Mulheres de Corpo e Alga Organization has also been part of this alliance, obtaining very productive results.The Brasil Ciudadano Foundation, in terms of culture, education and technology, the Community Association of Shrimp Breeders, contributing to the social and economic strengthening sustainable with the environment, the Secretary of Education, with its interdisciplinary work, the NGO ARATU, which carries out tasks of environmental education and is strongly linked to the Prefecture, this NGO also plays a very important role in the field of community tourism.

The high degree of commitment of the organizations, the community and other entities has led to solid alliances that have been maintained over time, thus facilitating the progress of the project and obtaining the current benefits.

It has been learned that partnerships ensure a strong degree of involvement of all stakeholders and this is directly related to the effectiveness and achievement of objectives for the protection, preservation and conservation of environmental systems and their habitat.

APA governance strengthened by the high degree of social participation, shared, participatory and consensual management.

Source: Manguezal da Barra PTA Management

Management timeline

Fuente: Gestión del APA Manguezal da Barra

Decisions on land management are made respecting and taking into consideration the expectations and needs of all project stakeholders, who are key players in the preservation actions as well as in the implementation of other proposals such as sustainable fishing, community-based tourism, etc. and who in turn help the municipal bodies in their supervisory role.

It is important to mention that the licensing of activities in this area must follow a process verified by two councils: the Municipal Council for Environmental Defense (CONDEMA) and the APA Management Council.

It has been very important in order to achieve the objectives, as well as to arrive at sound and convenient decisions, the fact that the decision making is controlled by both Councils, which has given a greater degree of confidence both in the decision making and in the granting of licenses to operate in the area.

One of the lessons learned here is that, by seeking certain, consensual and politically unopposed decisions, the achievement of objectives becomes much more feasible and attainable than making non-aligned decisions.

Hand Holding and support for sustaining the pilots

A crucial element of the strategy was to ensure that participating farmers were constantly hand-held and provided with both technical and material support to achieve what they had started. Each farmer was in constant touch with representatives of the implementing partner agency and this enabled them to address issues that arose along their efforts to ground the pilots.

Deep commitment of representative implementing partner agency
Close networking between the participating farmers increases cross-learning

A constant assistance is required at the initial stages of grounding the demonstration pilots
Due care is required that each and every possible shortcoming is address in order to maintain a high level of confidence

Modelo de desarrollo innovador integral, integrado e integrador

Con este modelo se han implementado sistemas agrarios sostenibles, producción agroecológica de hortalizas, ganadería eficiente con silvopasturas, elaboración de productos regionales ( derivados lácteos, mermeladas), turismo ecológico, etc.

Esto ha sido posible gracias a una estrategia bien diseñada e integradora con el foco puesto en prácticas de conservación y restauración del ecosistema.

Ha sido fundamental también la comercialización asociativa en los mercados locales y en la tienda comunitaria de la Corporación microempresarial Yunguilla.

La lección que hemos aprendido aquí es que para que una propuesta de conservación sea aceptada, implementada y sostenida por la comunidad, es necesario que los resultados obtenidos deban también derivarse en beneficios de tipo económicos y de desarrollo para la población.

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Gobernanza fortalecida y alto grado de involucramiento

El alto grado de compromiso asumido e involucramiento por parte de la comunidad han sido factores determinantes en el éxito de este caso, es dable mencionar que este proyecto fue impulsado y materializado por personas que son mayormente oriundas de la región, lo que genera un mayor sentido de pertenencia y de compromiso.

Esto ha sido posible gracias a la capacidad de decisión en todo el proceso, la gestión ha sido primordial para alcanzar los niveles de autogestión y consolidación actuales. Específicamente para la gestión del ACUS se ha conformado un comité de gestión ambiental integrado por el DMQ (Distrito Metropolitano Quito) y los actores del territorio logrando una fuerte cohesión de la comunidad regional.

La lección que ha dejado esta herramienta es que a mayor grado de invocramiento, mejores son los resultados y si bien son muchos los obstáculos a sortear, es posible superarlos con ese gran sentido de pertenecia y compromiso con el proyecto y nuestro territorio.

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