Assess feasibility and develop a strategic plan

Jersey farmland bird transects have been conducted by Durrell staff, partners and volunteers since 2005. This data combined with other datasets highlighted declining population trends leading to the publication of The Conservation Status of Jersey’s Birds.

 

In 2010, a partnership between Durrell, the National Trust for Jersey, and the Government of Jersey established Birds On The Edge, a conservation initiative to restore depleted coastal farmland bird populations. The reintroduction of chough acting as a driving force to implement change.

 

Feasibility studies supported the need to reintroduce chough; natural colonization was not a feasible option. They also identified a release site at Le Don Paton on the north coast. The National Trust for Jersey introduced a free-ranging flock of Manx loaghtan sheep to graze the site ensuring the birds had natural foraging habitat once released. The National Trust also purchased adjacent agricultural fields to avoid any land management conflicts and to sow conservation crops (another component of the initiative).

 

A reintroduction plan was created following IUCN Guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations. This document assisted in securing licensing for the release, initial funding, and provided a way of clearly communicating intentions to stakeholders.

  • Accessible baseline data to make informed decisions.
  • Visionary and experienced project leaders.
  • Existing guidelines for a reintroduction.
  • Land ownership by a project partner makes it easier to determine and carry out management decisions.
  • Jersey is a small island with relatively less bureaucracy than other countries and a smaller network of players.

There is a lack of baseline data for habitat quality pre-grazing and pre-reintroduction particularly habitat mapping and invertebrate biodiversity. This is evident when evaluating the success of Birds On The Edge and assessing the long-term needs of the reintroduced chough population. With hindsight, more could have been done.

 

More formality between the Birds On The Edge partnerships would help with strategic planning, clarity for donors, and improve communication and outreach. There is no contracted position to oversee the management of Birds On The Edge. There is no team specifically dealing with marketing and education which has limited the effectiveness of our outreach, especially with social media an increasingly important tool for engagement and funding resources.

Sustainable livelihoods

The Ecopark will be the source of new incomes for all of the participants of the community surrounding the watershed, coming from all activities in the ecopark and sustainable projects like nursery gardens, conservation centres, among others.

The people of the community will have the opportunity to work directly in activities related to the Ecopark such as tourist transport, lodging, guide in ecological activities, bird watching, trekking activities. It will also include the creation of a database, conservation and reforestation program in the La Olga sector, monitoring and control of water quality and flow at points defined as critical to record expected improvements, creation and maintenance of sites.

This project needs to create a strong value of belonging in the community since people will directly establish the correct operation and coordination of the activities the Ecopark offers. As a matter of fact, the biggest lesson learned was to establish strong relationships with the community leaders to enhance the communication and motivation for the correct development of the project. 

Ecopark

Our proposal to generate a Community Ecopark with walking trails in the sector Olga, mainly seeks to link the community, being these the main protagonists in the development of day-to-day activities of the Ecopark.  as tourist guides, vendors of handicrafts, sellers of agricultural products, patio grown goods and multiple activities more. Thus, generating sustainable development over time, bringing important resources to a community that today lives in poverty and its members do not enjoy state, local or private support.

This project is considered a pilot or seed project whose success will allow multiplying its methodology and actions in other water basins in Colombia and the world where conditions are similar to that of the La Olga sector are visualized. In addition, the success of this project will allow meeting 2 fundamental needs:

a). Improve the quality of life of the community.

b). Increase per capita income of families involved in the project

c). Ensure that sustainable and sustainable activities are carried out in the area that benefits the environment.

Economical resources: With the proper financing we can start gathering the people and promote the construction of walking trails. Also, we can start reforesting the zone between the watersheds and building our first community house where all the pedagogical and educational lessons will start its development.

Community is one of the most important enabling factors since local communities are the ones that will be trained to operate successfully the Ecopark.

 

People from the community need to have strong support from the ADSEI Project Director. Otherwise, they will start doubting about the project implementation and execution. This is why ADSEI requires also support from the private sector and the government in the creation of a solid working group. 

Policy Frameworks in the Scope of Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport in the Marshall Islands

The national fleet of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) highly depends on imported fuels and is therefore a significant source of GHG-emissions. The bilateral program “Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport (LCST)” implemented by RMI and the Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) aims at supporting the RMI Government´s planning and decision-making processes with respect to its low carbon future and the reduction of GHG-emissions from domestic sea transport, through consultancy, research, training, coordination of policy support to RMI and supporting in delivering RMI’s commitments under UNFCCC to achieve reduced GHG emissions from domestic shipping 40% below 2010 levels by 2030 and full decarbonization by 2050.

The Marshallese Government founded and is an active member of the High Ambition Coaltion for Shipping (SHAC) at IMO and UNFCCC and due to their ambition, the group of supporters of an ambitious contribution of sea transport to the climate goals is growing. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international meetings and high-level conferences are taking place remotely to a high extend.

The development and facilitation of capacity development under the LCST project has the aim to enhance knowledge of IMO structures and ways to contribute to high-level forums and negotiations such as UNFCCC for different ministries in RMI. RMI plays a key role in securing ambitious goals and climate leadership continously develops with the support of partners to RMI. Through workshops, support on negotiation techniques and media outreach, visibility and recognition is increased and RMI's voice heard on the international stage. 

Together with Independent Diplomat, the project supports the RMI Government in actively participating at high-level policy negotiations and conferences such as the High Ambition Coalition and the IMO.

Developing distance learning resources, presentations and briefs on climate mitigation in shipping to provide an overview of air emissions and climate change issues in maritime transport are highly important

Developing international responses and frameworks to climate change by the shipping sector and delivering web-based information sessions on climate mitigation in shipping and maritime transport help to facilitate workshops in the region and other SIDS.

Highlighting past and on-going IMO activities and the wider industry equip partners with knowledge of relevant debates leading to the adoption and implementation of positions, strategies and declarations in international high-level forums. 

 

Sustainable Sea Transport inside the lagoon and between atolls of the Marshall Islands

Ri Majol, the people of the Marshall Islands were known for their superior boat building and sailing skills for centuries. They traveled frequently between their atolls (for trade and war) on big offshore canoes called Walap (some of them 100ft long). The lagoons of their low-lying coral atolls where crested by sails of smaller outrigger canoe designs for rapid inside lagoon transportation, food gathering and fishing. Together with Waan Aelõñ in Majel, we are reviving the traditional knowlege combined with modern technology. The ambitious goals of the Marshall Islands in the sea transport sector have become the main driver and motivation for us to pursue and to transition towards a low carbon fleet for the Marshall Islands for transport inside the lagoons and between atolls. Currently, a 150 ft. Training Vessel is about to be constructed and delivered to RMI by the 2nd half of 2022. After the agreement of the design, the market survey process started with the objection to identify shipyards that are interested and capable of building the new built as drafted in the tender design. The Maritime Training Approach in the Marshall Islands sets a clear focus on Low Emission Sea Transport Education and will train future sailors as part of the national fleet operators.

 

Today, the traditional outrigger canoe designs are not in use for inter-atoll voyages in RMI anymore. The traditional inter atoll voyages stopped and none of the traditional inter-atoll canoes (Walap) survived till today. Nowadays, offshore transport tasks are mainly carried out by the government owned Marshall Island Shipping Corporation (MISC) and private contractors with conventional monohull freighters with motorized engines causing emissions and impact on climate change.

The charter of SV Kwai - a sailing cargo vessel - in the time period from September to end of December 2020 showed how essential training is in the revitalization of sailing rigged ships that make the way open for a low emission transportation set up in RMI in the future. Sailing trainings took place on SV Kwai for the first time with participants already enlisted by MISC. The training was held with the intention of sailing within the lagoon of Majuro. The aim was to educate on Kwai operations under sail and to train the MISC crew hands on alongside the SV Kwai crew from Kiribati, USA and Australia. An assessment meeting took place after the training to capture the positive outcomes and summarize improvements for upcoming trainings in the future. The trainings already provided a first indication of training needs for the maritime sector in RMI.

Community-based tourism, a production alternative

In the framework of the implementation of the REM, in 2016, productive alternatives were included as part of the management strategies, a real challenge where the distance and lack of communication makes everything difficult, an alternative was sought that could be taken there under these conditions, taking into account that there were already projects such as handicrafts, resins and other typical products such as chili bell pepper with which there were no successful results because they had an extractive vision, in addition they faced the complex mobility of the region.This is an exercise that is still in the process of construction and strengthening for the area of influence. Remote work has been done in this situation of pandemic and public order problems, but progress continues to be made. There have been good professionals working on the issue and successful results have been obtained, being one of the parks that has made the most progress in the tourism proposal thanks to the degree of maturity of the work team.

Tourism is proposed as a conservation strategy, with a maximum of 12 people and 3 or 4 entries per year with restricted sites and activities, for which training exercises have been carried out in the territory. The issue of maintaining indigenous knowledge is of course a principle, offering tourists, for example, handicrafts in the same territory, is a different strategy in which the products are produced there and the tourist is the one who takes them out, thus reducing the challenges of transportation.

Taking into account the above and after conducting a diagnosis it was concluded that community tourism would be the best option, taking advantage of the fact that since 2016 we have been working on financial management, provision of the malocas, construction of basic sanitary services, kitchen, training of the communities and have made a couple of entries of tourists to see how they respond to the strategy, obtaining good results.

Sustainability and institutionalization strategy

Together with the Ministry of Environment, the Sustainable Landscapes of the Amazon Program -ASL- World Bank and the Norwegian Embassy, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations -FAO-, World Wildfile Fund -WWWF-, Office National des Forêts -ONF Andina-, Fondo Acción and Corazón de la Amazonia, which joined ExpoBosques, we have been working on the design of a sustainability strategy to promote the platform as a continuous source of information, for which ExpoBosques has been working on the design of a sustainability strategy.Fondo Acción and Corazón de la Amazonia, which joined ExpoBosques, have been working on the design of a sustainability strategy to promote the platform as a source of continuous information, for which the following steps have been considered:

  1. Systematize the impacts of the experiences, (impacted areas, benefited families, commercialization, etc.), with which information on the contributions of sustainable forest management can be obtained.

  1. Expobosques in person, to facilitate the exchange processes and the generation of agreements to promote replication.

  1. Promote a regional platform to connect the experiences of different Amazonian countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, etc.) and strengthen the exchange of knowledge. This will make experiences that generate positive impacts visible and raise awareness among the general public.

-The entities are quite interested in institutionalizing ExpoBosques, and have even raised the possibility of expanding it to a regional level.

-Many entities carry out activities in common territories; this allows us to join efforts to promote this platform much more.

The articulation with entities that have experience and work with communities, entities, etc. opens the possibilities of achieving the institutionalization of the Expo and of taking this initiative to other regions.

Formation of a Local Committee for stakeholder representation in the CBI.

The Local Committee (LC) begins its formation with a group of people who share a common interest in the same territory. It defines the name of the CBI and its geographic limits, the way it will work, what rules it must follow internally and with what objective the corridor is formed. It can work in the form of an association, alliance, executive or support committee, management group, technical coalition, among others. In its formation process it is recommended to have at least one community leader, representation of local governments of the CBI territory, an NGO or non-profit organization, a representative of the productive or private sector and an institutional representative, who together will be responsible for managing alliances and facilitating the contribution of other actors interested in promoting technical and financial resources in their territory. The representativeness of the different sectors (public, private, academic, civil, etc.) is essential for the success of the CBIs, since they contribute with their knowledge and capacities for the adequate logistics of the CBIs, facilitate the discussion among all the representatives and provide different points of view so that the decision making is integral, from broad perspectives and echoes what happens in the management of the CBI in the communities and institutions that comprise it.

  • Prioritizing existing environmental legislation and policies allows for the justification of the CBI and increases the commitment to participation of public institutions.
  • The co-participation of political administration entities and governing bodies of natural resources and associated services in the region (water, soils, forests, commerce, health, security) is fundamental for dialogue and articulation to lead to decisions and commitments that meet the needs of all involved.
  • LCs should be seen as extended governance systems of coordination and leadership.
  • A detailed diagnosis as a starting point is essential to become familiar with the territory, the inhabitants, their capacities and needs.
  • The mapping of local actors is very valuable to define who can be strategically integrated into the LC.
  • The initiative to form a CBI can come from an institutional actor or from the productive sector and be equally successful as when it comes from the community.
  • The projects proposed by the LC for the CBI territory should be interdisciplinary, so that representatives of different entities can contribute their knowledge and resources to the proposal.
  • Having 2 or more delegates (representatives) from the same organization is favorable, since it allows having a wide participation in case of absences in work sessions and/or trainings. Whoever attends, contributes as a representative of the organization and then shares the information in the institution to which he/she belongs.
Strategic planning and management monitoring of the Interurban Biological Corridor.

The strategic planning of a CBI is the basis for defining how the objectives will be met, with which organizations and institutions of the territory alliances should be formed, how financing will be obtained for the projects to be executed, what legislation supports the management of the corridor, who will be in charge of the coordination and leadership of the actions to increase and improve the green spaces of the cities.

Monitoring of CBI tasks and progress should be recorded to evaluate the implementation of CBI plans and take corrective action if there are opportunities for improvement. These steps maintain efficient functioning of the CBI and orderly conduct of the CL dialogue. Progress towards the achievement of goals and objectives in the medium and long term maintains the interest of the participating actors and their permanence in the spaces for dialogue and articulation.

Planning and monitoring should be systematized through the registration of participants, sessions, training, activities, projects and results, in order to transmit information transparently to all members of the CBI. In the medium and long term, knowledge bases are obtained to carry out research, make better decisions for land management and greater functional ecological connectivity.

  • To ensure the smooth development of the strategic planning process, it is necessary to communicate assertively, reconcile interests and desired results, and reach an agreement that includes the participants to be convened, deadlines and time to be invested, methods and tools to be used, work session formats, and rules on product review and approval. Technical dialogue among all parties is essential to achieve the strategies outlined in the CBI planning.
  • For efficient planning and adequate monitoring, it is recommended to hold joint and periodic working sessions, at least quarterly.
  • Assertive communication and transparent reporting within the LC is essential to ensure that the interests of all participating groups are expressed respectfully and taken into account for efficient planning.
  • All resources available to Local Committee participants (financial, intellectual, human, academic and technical) can be leveraged if strategically negotiated.
  • Participatory planning methodologies are a good way to gather perspectives, needs, opportunities and available resources, which speeds up the subsequent implementation of planned actions.
  • The establishment of agreed indicators to monitor CBI progress facilitates the identification of opportunities for improvement.
Preparation of the Free, Prior and Informed Consultation (FPIC)

For the inception phase of the Project and based on the analysis of the local context, the process of Free, Prior and Informed Consultation with the Lenca Communities was planned and designed.The preparation of the FPIC consisted of selecting the methodological tools and instruments that, validated in the institutional practice of the SNV, would allow for consultation in an environment conducive to overcoming the challenges imposed by the work in the project's area of influence, characterized by partiality and foreign interests that generated distrust or the perception of partiality to the project.

  1. Availability of methodological tools and instruments to carry out FPIC (socialization and consultation methodology, ethnography, etc.) and openness to their adaptation to environmental conditions.
  2. Work experience and positive reputation with indigenous communities of reference to initiate contacts.
  3. Social capital with the Lenca communities of the executing partner ASOMAINCUPACO in the area of influence of the project and SNV in other areas of the country.
  1. Indigenous organizations do not necessarily represent or are not necessarily considered legitimate by the communities, even when a certain part of the community has organized around them.
  2. The interference of foreign actors or political purposes generates distrust in local authorities, which means that despite good intentions, they are not well received by the communities.
  3. Social capital and institutional reputation are key to overcoming the ruptures in the community social fabric because they allow for a minimum level of trust on which to structure the consultation process.