Local | PANORAMA

Training and building local capacity

Transfer of knowledge that are locally based and training to farmers to sustain the solution into the future.

The effectiveness comes from the inclusion of local knowledge, its participatory approach and the fact that it is owned by farmers themselves. In comparison to conventional breeding schemes that do not address the core development challenge and are often unsuccessful. Unlike conventional breeding programs involving nucleus schemes and or importation of exotic germplasm for crossbreeding (both requiring infinite support and inputs from the implementing organization).

CBBPs which focus on indigenous stock and consider farmers’ decisions and active participation, from inception through to implementation, are identified as programmes of choice because they fit in different production systems and agroecologies. CBBP has potential for replication because it develops confidence in local communities as it is based on existing management and breeding practices and because of failure of earlier centralized schemes people are desperate for a new approach.

Entirety

Local

Holistic management of grasslands and forests to improve the quality of life of communities

Juan Carlos Escobedo

knowing new varieties of forage for high mountains

Luis Miguel Argueta

Holistic management can repair the cycles of water, minerals, organic matter and microbiology in mountainous territories. In addition, we can generate higher profitability, improve animal and plant health, and strengthen forest and grassland restoration in a more sustainable way. Well-managed livestock is the solution to many interconnected problems, starting with climate change, reducing the production of greenhouse gases and as carbon sinks. All of the above must be planned and developed with families in mind, since they are a fundamental axis for a successful implementation.

- Commitment of local actors who participated in the implementation and decision-making of the project

- Livestock work measures should take into account the impact that they can have on key ecosystem services

- CONANP and communities coordinated work

- Strenghtening processes that extended the capacities of local actors and the protected areas personnel, so they could implement actions in livestock farming with an AbE approach.

- Dialogue and awareness processes at the local level to improve natural resources conservation

- Commitment and willingness of all actors involved in order to establish agreements to create a sustainability process

- The relationship of the communities with the ecosystem services, as well as the social fabric in a community must be taken into account for a adecquate implementation

- It is necessary to create emotional awareness for the population and all the actors involved, seek coordinated work with the authorities, and dedicate sufficient time to strengthen activities through appropriate organization

- Communities have now various projects including those of dairy products, sheep production, reforestation, tourist proposals, among others.

- The support and accompaniment of institutions such as the CONANP resulted necessary to support the community in the management of the protected area and in the generation of alternative proposals that could generate income opportunities for families

Capacity building through the creation of Farmer Field Schools

High Mountain Field Farmers School in Mexico

Luis Miguel Argueta

developing capacities

Alejandra Molina

Farmer Field Schools (FFS) help ranchers learn through observation and experimentation within their own pens and grazing areas. The FFS strengthen the technical and functional capacity of the participants. In addition, they promote the creation of inclusive community development, through the empowerment of women and gender equality and by creating mutual trust within the community.

- Technical support from a professional with knowledge regarding productivity, social aspects and natural resource management

- Have tools such as the GRAMSE plus (Acronym in Spanish for Genetics, Reproduction, Food, Management, Health and Economy plus governance, gender equity, administration, bi-trade and regeneration), for the development of the processes

- Leadership and organization of the community for the fulfillment of agreements

- Sustainable livestock practices can improve the income of various families

- Sustainable livestock is a mean to improve high mountain ecosystem services

- Good livestock practices can serve as guides towards sustainable and friendly livestock farming

Implementation

Local

National

Analysis of the economic and socio-environmental situation

Community participation is important for territorial governance.

Juan Carlos Escobedo

Integration of women into development plans

Luis miguel Argueta

The analysis allowed us to create alternatives for the management of the territory. Here, a participatory commitment was generated with the communities, in order to understand the main vulnerabilities of protected areas to climate change. We use tools, such as the Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Climate Impacts at the local level within protected areas of the CONANP (National Commission of Protected Natural Areas). This tool helped to identify the level of access or control over natural resources and the collective capacity of the inhabitants to adapt to adverse changes.

- Active participation and collaboration with the community

- Technical support from experts in social approaches, livestock and natural resource management

- Willingness of the community to form a work team and form resource management committees which were granted authority to act on behalf of the community

-Ability to identify the needs, vulnerabilities and capacities of women from the beginning of the project and thus to be able to integrate them into the design, management, implementation and evaluation of projects

- We must motivate people to obtain changes in their development processes.

- Planning under a holistic approach helps decision makers to reduce the risks caused by livestock activities.

- Empowering women herders strengthens the livelihoods of mountain communities

- Working under a social inclusion approach helps people to benefit from the advantages of teamwork, to strengthen their social network and improve their coexistence in communities.

Planning phase

Local

National

Resource management

Although each child pays a fee to attend the camp, this fee is less than the actual cost of the camp, so it is essential to seek additional donations.

Partnerships with non-profit organizations to provide access to donations.

It is important to publicize information about how the camps are doing in order to attract donors to provide additional resources.

Local

Training

JAQUI / Radio

FONCET AC

In order to manage the camps, the Heroes of El Triunfo must receive ongoing training, both on pedagogical and technical issues.

Jaqui is a skilled communicator and radio broadcaster, so she has many skills that she shares with her team.

Partnerships with training organizations.

Evaluations should be requested after each camp to identify areas for improvement.

Implementation

Local

Leadership

Héroes y aliados

Héroes del Triunfo

Jaqui's leadership is crucial to motivating children and parents to go to these camps.

1. Good relationship with institutions working in the natural protected areas. Some of them provide training on environmental issues so that the information provided in the camps is accurate.

2. Jaqui is a person who inspires trust, and that trust is key to carrying out her work.

Good relations with local governments are crucial to obtaining support and permits to visit these natural areas, as these governments manage these areas.

Implementation

Local

3. Management actions of the directorate to monitor and track the use of public sites.

Vigilancia submarina

PNCP-CONANP

The rapid growth of tourism has caused negative impacts on reef ecosystems, caused mainly by inexperienced or careless divers. Damage has been observed since 2011. Later, in 2015 it was found that the sites of greater tourist use had more fragmented corals mainly of the genus Pocillopora. In 2016, CONANP and NIPARAJÁ participated in a workshop to exchange experiences on monitoring protocols of tourism use in Protected Natural Areas, where a standardized methodology was proposed to carry out impact monitoring and underwater monitoring. The impact assessment is carried out using the “Protocol for Monitoring Impacts and Surveillance of Snorkel and Autonomous Diving Activities for Marine Protected Areas” which has been used to know the impacts generated by recreational diving in sites with reef ecosystems, focusing on the number of contacts each diver makes on the substrate and the number of times corals are broken over time. Since 2017, the National Park personnel have been carrying out underwater monitoring and surveillance of diving groups. At each dive, a diver or tourist is selected and monitored for 10 minutes.

The presence of the management authorities of the National Park in the areas of public use allows the immediate detection of bad diving practices carried out both by tourists and their guides. This allows us to come into direct contact with them to explain the observed situation and thus be able to correct their performance.

Also, it is favorable that managers can monitor and supervise in real time the conditions of the reef and its elements.

It is important to mention that even though the managers of the protected area make every year a greater effort in underwater monitoring and the training courses on good diving practices have been maintained, the percentage of contacts by tourist divers on the environment has not reduced considerably. But a decrease in contact/impact on the reef structures has been detected.

It is extremely important to continue the underwater monitoring efforts in conjunction with the training of the guides to strengthen the management actions of the Cabo Pulmo National Park and the protection of the coral reef.

Monitoring

Local

1. Effective participation of tourist service providers in the Public Sub-Council

Curso de capacitación guías y capitanes

NIPARAJÁ

In 2011 a carrying capacity study (free and autonomous diving) was carried out in Cabo Pulmo by the Autonomous University of Baja California Sur (UABCS), funded by Friends for the Conservation of Cabo Pulmo (ACCP) and supported by Tourist Service Providers (TSP). This study established the basis of the Public Use Program and its results were discussed and modified based on the experience of all stakeholders. In 2014, the Sub-Council for Public Use was established, which is made up of CONANP, the TSP, Niparajá and UABCS. Within the agreed rules is a system of warnings where the TSP inform CONANP about each of their trips through VHF radio, in real time, recording the number of tourists and the places they will visit. The meetings of the Sub-Council for Public Use also defined the maximum number of vessels simultaneously per site, in order not to present a saturation of vessels, as well as other agreements related to the management of tourism activities. During 2016 we carried out the evaluation of compliance with the rules; of the 55 agreements, 90% were implemented and respected by the TSP. The active participation of providers since the inception of the rules has ensured their wide compliance.

The Sub-Council involves all sectors, and its work includes constant updating of the Public Use Program.

It has been possible to establish together the rules for the activities so that the experience of the visitors has not diminished, which is reflected in people who year after year return to the site and the high tourist demand on the site. This tourism has brought benefits to the town that has once again diversified its sources of income by investing in restaurants, lodgings and shops selling crafts and souvenirs.

It is necessary to have transparent and participatory processes to achieve the involvement of a community for the sustainable development and conservation of the Cabo Pulmo National Park, its ecosystems and species.

It is important to have guides, captains, tourist service providers and informed tourists to among all achieve the conservation of the reef and diving sites for the future.

An organized community that establishes and abides by rules can contribute significantly to the conservation of a protected natural area.

Planning phase

Local

World Heritage capacity building initiatives

Norway is committed to working towards the full and effective implementation of the World Heritage Convention both nationally and internationally. Nationally, the Ministry of Climate and Environment, together with the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage and the Norwegian Environment Agency, organizes annual meetings with World Heritage coordinators, with the aim of creating dialogue and disseminating information necessary for a positive development of the World Heritage properties.

Internationally, Norway is a driver and donor behind the ICCROM/IUCN World Heritage Leadership Programme which is a global capacity building programme on the management of nature and culture at world heritage properties. Norwegian stakeholders are able to participate in the activities under the World Heritage Leadership Programme and several programme activities are held in Norway.

Capacity building in relation to World Heritage is included in the Report to the Storting (white paper) no.35 (2012-2013) Cultural Heritage Policy (Chapter 4.8 World Heritage) and the Report to the Storting (white paper) no.16 (2019-2020). Within the framework of the World Heritage Leadership Programme, the planning and implementation of capacity building activities is done by the Advisory Bodies (ICCROM, IUCN, ICOMOS) in cooperation with the Ministry of Climate and Environment. Other international partners are involved, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Centre.

Capacity building is a key element for the planning and implementation of the World Heritage Convention and it is also one of its five strategic objectives of the World Heritage Convention. Building capacities is at the heart of effective management and conservation of world heritage properties.
It is important that representatives from Norwegian World Heritage properties participate in international cooperation, thus contributing to raise the local World Heritage property's competence and capacity on its own type of World Heritage.
Capacity building is deeply rooted into experience sharing and learning from each other’s experiences.

Local

National

Global