Participatory management of natural resources

In 2017, 28 Batwa households (indigenous peoples of Burundi) were involved in activities to maintain 33 km of boundary and 15 km of internal tracks, open 2 km of tourist trails, fight bush fires and poaching.

- Mutual trust between the Batwa community and reserve managers.

- Commitment to ongoing dialogue between the protected area's conservation services and the Batwa community.

- Transparency in the management of funds allocated to the community's involvement in reserve management activities.

- Empowering the Batwa is a mark of respect and esteem that motivates them to become more involved in protecting the reserve.

Biodiversity management requires a holistic, ecosystem-based approach.

Nature conservation cannot be successful without taking into account the role of riparian communities.

Coral Restoration

Only govermentally approved people are allowed to conduct these activities, however we do involved non-approved divers and non divers to assist in Coral restoration to help with maintenance work that does not involve collection or transplantation of any coral fragments (like cleaning coral tags etc)

Coral fragments are collected around the reef edge. These "corals of opportunity" are broken fragments that will enventually die if we do not collect them. Once collected, they are transplanted to artificial structures to help increase the coral diversity and population.

Some corals are adopted as part of our Adopt A Coral Program.The adopted coral is transplanted and named, then monitored, photographed and measured every 3 months. The data is published online and is freely available for research into coral growth. This program also helps provide data into coral growth and health states.

 

  • Goverment approval
  • Social media
  • Environmentally minded individuals
  • Logistics (scuba diving, dive boats)
     

The actual process of transplantation is quite simple. The other factors that we did not take in to account initially is the time that is required to keep the areas clean of fouling organisms, collect measurement data and photography records of corals. All the post care maintenance is vitally important to secure a high survival rate of coral transplants.
 

Governmental Approval

Some of our programs involve coral transplantation. In Thailand it is illegal to touch or damage coral, so we had to seek approval for some of our programs.

To receive approval from the government involves first submitted a proposal for a coral reef restoration zone. Including with this proposal are the techniques for transplantation, the people involved and their experience and qualifications, and a long term plan for monitoring and maintenance.

The DMCR has fully approved our restoration related activities and we conduct transplant research and provide them with that data.

  • Coral restoration experience
  • Long term plan
  • Proposal to government
  • Assessment and approval

This is a long process to get approved. Being able to show that our programs are successful and being assessed and approved took over 2 years of communication, submissions, and assessments.

To be able to obtain permission requires a group of committed volunteers that have relevant experience and are willing to participate in the program for a long term period of time.

Asset Balance Sheets

Asset balance sheets log the stocks of assets and their values in the national accounts. Whereas flows of economic production--goods and services--have been used as primary indicators of the "health" of an economy, these measures do not take into account depreciation or degradation of the asset base form which these flows stem. Changes in the asset balance sheet would reflect, for example, the reduction in value of depleted fisheries stocks. 

An asset balance sheet is useful for natural capital accounting and assessing the blue economy requires periodic assessments of asset stocks that are systematically collected and comparable. This would mean regular assessments of fishery stocks, undersea ocean and mineral deposits, and port infrastructure to name a few. Monetary accounts require prices for non-market natural capital assets. 

  1. While monetary accounts are the ideal, physical accounts (e.g. kg spawning stock biomass) can be useful where market prices do not exist. 
  2. Tracking changes in the asset balance sheet are more important than a comprehensive asset balance sheet compiled as a one-off exercise. These data must be collected with regularity to be useful for tracking the sustainability of the blue economy.
Capacity building and strengthening

Create and strengthen the capacities of the intended users of the Atlas, through workshops and training, in order to maximize the results obtained from the visualization and interpretation of the information provided by the Atlas.

  • Explicit interest and need on the part of the target audience to use the tool and learn about its possible uses for decision-making.
  • To have different spaces for training and discussion on the use of the tool.
  • It is favorable to have an enabling legal framework that establishes the duty of the stakeholders to use the tool. If it remains a voluntary aspect, it may not be used to its full potential.
  • Focus training processes around the needs of the target audience and exemplify through practical exercises.
  • It may be necessary to sensitize and train technicians and decision-makers at different levels, for which the training program should contain conceptual elements for each stakeholder group, based on their role, responsibility and specific tasks.
Inter-institutional working group for the creation of the Management Plan

Through alliances with different organizations and in coordination with the authorities, the development of the management plan was initiated.

In the first phase, work has been done to create the guiding document that will make it possible to implement the management plan by establishing roles and methods.

The organizations involved in the management plan are:

  • Instituto Municipal de Ecología de Hermosillo
  • Desert Walkers A.C.
  • Profauna A.C.
  • Ecological Collaboration.
  • Ecogrande A.C.
  • Naturally Fun

  • Involved conservation organizations with experience in Natural Protected Areas.
  • Support from the community living in the vicinity.
  • Governmental willingness.
  • Relevant stakeholders are already known.

  • It is necessary to know the terrain.
  • A good relationship and communication with the community is indispensable.
  • Use of electronic means of communication can speed up the process.
Documentation and publications

From all the activities and studies carried out, documents are prepared to be shared with the beneficiary groups and other interested parties, with the objective of generating awareness and knowledge about the recovery and protection of the protected areas, as well as the native plants that can be planted in these areas, in order to avoid their reduction or extinction or their inadequate mixture with plants from other places.

Document all activities carried out, as well as their results. Carry out constant studies of the native trees and plants used to reforest protected areas, as well as technical advice to provide accurate and quality information that can be used and applied by the recipients.

Supporting documents make it possible to keep information on the plants grown in the nursery, the activities carried out and their results, to be disseminated to collaborating groups, beneficiaries and other interested parties, which generates an environment of trust and satisfaction among the general population.

Accreditation process

There is a five-tiered process to becoming a WHS.

1. An initial online application that ensures there are no fundamental prohibitive issues. 

2. A candidacy review of the initial application is carried out by impartial representatives.

3. Technical advice to discuss and advise on areas for improvement and on how to submit an application with the greatest chance of success.

4. Final application including supporting evidence, a justification for the geographical delineation of the site and a detailed explanation of how the site achieves each of the criteria. 

5. If successful, Whale Heritage Site (WHS) designation. It must then prepare and submit annual reports explaining how criteria are met.

 

By going through the accreditation process, The Bluff had to show that they could ensure responsible, sustainable practices and livelihoods would be continually improved thus ensuring the health and welfare of whales, dolphins and porpoises and their ocean habitats. 

They were assessed against conditions including supportive legislation, culture, as well as environmental, social and economic sustainability.

They had to provide supporting evidence including statistics relevant to livelihoods, cultural activities, tourists visiting the area, whale-watch tour operators, protected areas, etc.

The Bluff was also obliged to show that community-based research, education, and awareness activities were being conducted. 

Having a clear goal with a clear path towards it, is essential. For a program such as the Whale Heritage site accreditation, there are high standards that must be achieved but there must be a supportive process to help a community navigate their way through it and ultimately achieve that status.  

Planning for reforestation of protected areas

It is intended to plan activities for the reforestation of the areas catalogued as protected, with oak trees and other plants germinated in the community nursery; with the purpose of recovering and conserving the biodiversity of the native species of these areas, and to receive the benefits that this represents.

Acquire a variety of trees and plants to reforest protected areas, which can be achieved through the construction of a community nursery where the necessary natural resources are produced.

It is easier and more continuous to reforest protected areas having their own natural resources generated in a nursery, than to seek them through the use of intermediaries and other institutions, since they represent a cost, sometimes high, in time and money.

Local stakeholder steering group and community empowerment

The building block is built on the principle that a community based initiative to protect cetaceans and their habitats is best done when owned by the local communities itself. It incentivizes, empowers and engages a community and its businesses so that they benefit directly from a healthy and thriving ocean. 

 

To coordinate and facilitate the development of a WHS initiative, a steering committee is formed by local stakeholders. These are enthusiastic, creative and passionate individuals who steer the process and help launch, maintain, and sustain the application process.

 

An effective WHS steering committee should be fully diverse and inclusive and representative of the community and include staff, volunteers, and community members. Its purpose is to serve as a mobilizing force, not a bureaucracy. Making the process meaningful and purposeful for everyone involved. Within the process there is guidance on establishing sub-committees or workgroups to focus on specific goals and activities. 

 

As well as leading and manageing the process of application, the steering committee must show continual improvement across the community with its various initiatives, through annual reporting as a measure of WHS's excellence.

It took 2 years and the collaborative efforts of a local steering committee, made up of dedicated and passionate local stakeholder partners (individuals and local organisations), for The Bluff to achieve Whale Heritage Site status. Committee members now work together for positive change. Meeting on a regular basis and continually striving toward the ultimate goal of putting The Bluff front and centre for the conservation and preservation of cetaceans and all the benefits that this provides for the community. 

Enabling and empowering a community to work together requires a clear direction, benefits, and a core team of dedicated stakeholders to drive the project forward locally. It must be community owned at every stage of the process and be fully representative of the community, its needs, its vision and its priorities.