Maintenance of agricultural environment and conservation of cranes

Local communities are actively contributing to habitat conservation through initiatives like preserving rice straws and providing water to rice paddies in winter, facilitated by Payment of Ecosystem Service (PES) contracts. Engaging in 'ecotourism programs, including crane birdwatching activities, and hosting 'Crane Seminars,' they create added value for their efforts. Furthermore, farmers in the Cheorwon area have taken an innovative approach by producing 'Cheorwon Odae Rice' and promoting their product brand using the image of the crane.

 

'The Cheorwon Crane Land,' serving as a conservation asset under the stewardship of the National Nature Trust is situated in Yangji-ri, which boasts a fertile plain and is adjacent to Togyo Reservoir and the Hantangang River, resulting in abundant water resources. This geographical advantage makes it a haven for various migratory birds that flock to the area every winter, typically from mid-October to March. Embracing its rich ecological setting, Yangji-ri has actively pursued becoming a full-fledged eco-village. This commitment has earned notable recognitions, including being selected as an eco-friendly excellent village in 2000, becoming a project operator of the New Rural Construction.

  • Habitat conservation: Preserving the agricultural environment in a way that supports wildlife, especially migratory birds like cranes
  • Community engagement: Encouraging local residents to participate actively in conservation efforts requires overcoming inertia
  • Sustainable ecotourism development: Developing ecotourism, such as birdwatching activities and educational seminars
  • Economic sustainability: Finding viable economic models, such as the PES contracts, that incentivize conservation while also supporting the local economy is a complex task.

The efforts in Cheorwon illustrate the importance of integrating conservation activities with local economic development. By aligning the interests of wildlife conservation with those of local farmers and the wider community, a more sustainable and mutually beneficial outcome is achieved.

Initiatives like preserving rice straws and providing water to paddies, supported by PES contracts, demonstrate how community involvement can lead to significant ecological benefits.

The geographical advantages of Yangji-ri, with its fertile plains and abundant water resources, underscore the potential of leveraging local natural resources for conservation purposes. These resources provide a foundation for the area's success in attracting migratory birds and supporting biodiversity.

The series of awards received by Yangji-ri serve as powerful motivators for continued ecological and conservation efforts. These accolades not only provide validation for the work done but also inspire further commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable development.

Cheorwon Rice Paddy, the largest wintering site for cranes

Cheorwon, situated in the vicinity of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), stands as a crucial wintering ground for cranes, an endangered species. Due to restricted development and civilian access since the Armistice Agreement in 1953, the area has become vital for the survival of these birds. The Cheorwon Plain, with its expansive farmlands and reservoirs, along with the wetlands of the DMZ, serves as essential feeding and resting grounds for crane species.

 

A positive trend has been observed in crane populations, with 372 red-crowned cranes and 474 white-napped cranes in the Cheorwon Plain in January 1999 (Kim Sang-won, et al. 2020). This upward trajectory has continued, reaching 833 red-crowned cranes and 2,766 white-napped cranes in January 2017. The commitment of local farmers, particularly since 2004, in preserving rice straws and providing water to rice paddies under the Biodiversity Management Agreement Project has played a significant role in this success.

 

This trust initiative aligns with the Global Trust's mission to safeguard private land in the DMZ (South) and the Civilian Control Zone, preserving it as public property and a 'common heritage of mankind' in the face of development pressures.

  • Integrated partnerships: Collaboration among local farmers, local communities, groups, government, and private sector
  • Legal support: The National Trust Act and related policies provide a legal basis for habitat management and conservation funding
  • Community engagement and involvement: Engaging locals through economic incentives like ecotourism and sustainable farming practices
  • Private sector engagement: private sector support and public campaigns
  • Adaptive management: research and habitat monitoring inform conservation strategies,

The Cheorwon case study offers several valuable lessons for conservation and sustainable community-based conservation:

  • Collaborative efforts enhance conservation: the synergy between local communities, conservation organizations, and corporate sponsors maximizes the effectiveness of conservation efforts.
  • Economic incentives promote conservation: integrating conservation with economic benefits, such as ecotourism and product branding, motivates community participation and support.
  • Legal frameworks support initiatives: a strong legal foundation, like the National Trust Act, is crucial for facilitating and securing conservation efforts and funding.
  • Adaptive management ensures sustainability: continuous monitoring and adapting conservation strategies based on ecological and social feedback ensure long-term sustainability.
  • Broad stakeholder engagement is key: involving a wide range of stakeholders, from local communities to international corporations, creates a comprehensive support network for conservation efforts.
Design and implementation of a community initiative

The community initiative has been designed in a participatory manner, together with representatives from the selected community. Activities included reflective sessions on gender, social roles and work, and local economic opportunities. The format of the sessions was held in a participatory methodology based on MUVA principles.

Interviews with participants after the training sessions revealed that they were perceived as very helpful in promoting a better understanding of gender inclusion. Participants learned different things from what they had in mind and realized that there is not much difference between men and women and that they have the same rights. Responses indicated a transformation in the perceptions of the participants, who have come to recognize and value equal opportunities in business and the breaking down of gender stereotypes associated with commercial activities. These changes indicate a move towards a more inclusive and equitable vision of professions and types of business for men and women.

  • To promote greater gender equality in the community, meetings should be held in a place that allows everyone to participate, where information on the subject can be shared, and participants can clarify any doubts they may have. 
  • A fun atmosphere was fundamental to the positive impression of participants as well as understanding that the road to gender equality depends on expanding these types of sessions to "change mentalities".
  • Previous contact with community leaders is key to getting permission and support for running the initiative in the selected community.
  • Participants highlighted the importance of extending this kind of conversation to older individuals as a means of involving everyone in demystifying gender roles in professions and opportunities.
  • The participatory methodology allowed to create an environment for open discussions and the development of communication skills.
  • The involvement of community leaders is crucial. Still, it is essential to set and communicate criteria for the selection of participants in an inclusive format with no interference from the leaders, disseminating the opportunity for participation widely and inclusively.
Action plans – development of practical tools and policies for positive gender change processes

Based on the leadership and Change Makers Group training, participatory action plans were developed. These plans were translated into changes in institutional practices and policies in the following areas: personal and professional development; health and well-being; maternity and paternity; and inclusive leadership. The action plans were collaboratively crafted by the teams and subsequently approved by leadership. This process led to the establishment of working groups comprising diverse members from the company, each responsible for developing the specific details of their assigned actions. 

Key results from the action plans within Aquapesca include: changes in the communication of vacancies and recruitment process to encourage the inclusion of women in different work positions; the dissemination of maternity and paternity policies for staff awareness; the improvement of staff equipment for health and safety; new multi-sectorial working groups for more inclusivity in decision making; the creation of a physical mural for inclusive communication about companies key information and opportunities; and the implementation of new activities in the community for better relationship, support and communication.

  • Allocating adequate human and financial resources for action plan implementation; limited resource availability can impact the effectiveness of implementation
  • Alignment of the staff ideas with the leadership priorities to guarantee time and resources allocated for the action plan implementation
  • Align the company’s priorities with the action plans related to the gender strategy to have the staff time and financial resources already allocated for the different initiatives. The importance of alignment with the leadership and engagement with them is crucial. Engaging key staff and availability for the strategy is powerful in catalyzing the implementation of the action plans.
  • Recognize the importance of flexibility, cultural sensitivity, and effective communication strategies when addressing deeply ingrained social norms.
  • Need for a strategic approach to resource management, optimizing the use of limited financial and human resources to achieve maximum impact.
Establishment and Training of a Change Makers Group

The Change Makers Group at the business partner Aquapesca was formed by seven individuals from different departments. The identification of key individuals for this group was made possible through collaboration between MUVA and Aquapesca's leadership. The rapid assessment of the organizational culture of Aquapesca enabled the team to map those potential champions to participate in the Change Makers Groups. The selected team members were then listed for the approach.

Training and capacity building for the change makers group took place intending to equip the Aquapesca team with the MUVA facilitation methodology, which is grounded in participatory popular education techniques. The training program with the Change Makers Group at Aquapesca had specific objectives designed to empower the group and equip them with necessary skills and knowledge, including a significant component on the gender perspective. This involved a comprehensive review of the concept of gender and an examination of societal norms that shape gender roles and expectations. By understanding these dynamics, participants were better equipped to address gender-related issues in their training and community engagement efforts. 

  • Schedule a good time for the training as many staff members have busy schedules and time constraints, making it difficult to dedicate time for participation in gender training.
  • Senior facilitators leading the training to guarantee relevant discussions and takeaways to start the design of action plans collaboratively.
  • Intense face-to-face training with the Change Makers Group and continuous online and periodic mentoring to monitor development.
  • Be flexible in the training program, offering scheduling and format options that accommodate staff members’ availability.
  • Highlight the personal and professional benefits of participating in the training, showcasing how it can contribute to individual well-being and development.
  • It is important to invest in the development and empowerment of change agents within the company. By equipping the change makers group with the knowledge and skills necessary to lead internal processes, we established a foundation for sustained change. Their active involvement and commitment catalyze the long-term adoption of gender-inclusive practices and policies.
Create awareness and engage the Aquapesca staff in establishing a more gender-inclusive environment

A rapid assessment enabled us to intricately outline the methodological workflow for our collaboration with the company Aquapesca. This workflow began with the formation of the Change Makers Group, working in close tandem with the MUVA team to grasp the methodologies necessary for ensuring the sustainability of our approach within the organization. The Change Makers Group was entrusted with the responsibility of spearheading processes within the organization, ultimately becoming champions of inclusion and gender equality, working in conjunction with colleagues and leadership. Following the group's inception, leadership training was conducted to create awareness and generate initial ideas regarding the areas of focus for action plans with new practices and policies for the company. Subsequently, the Change Makers Group was trained, building capacity for them to facilitate the approval of these plans and mobilize working groups dedicated to each area of work. 

  • Engagement of the CEO and other executive leadership members
  • Motivation of young people selected to participate in the Change Makers Groups and to lead the process as part of their skills development in career progression
  • The time of staff engagement should be well forecasted at the beginning of the project to guarantee availability and to not overburden them.
  • Communicate the needs of the company leadership about the team’s availability and resources.
Community Fishery Committee training

Community Fisheries management is complex and each CFi committee needs to convene and record meetings, hold elections, and be financially transparent and accountable. The committee also needs the skills to work with local authorities and understand the legal framework within which they operate. We provide these skills by delivering training modules in meeting procedure, committee management, Fisheries Law, gender in NRM, environmental protection, proposal and report writing, and budget management.

The CFi Committee needs to be properly structured and active before they can be trained in meeting procedure, committee management, Fisheries Law, gender in NRM, environmental protection, proposal and report writing, and financial management. The trainers must have experience in training local villagers and the training materials. The project team needs to ensure that women are involved in the discussions, and that meetings are held at suitable times to allow them to attend.

Increasing Community Fishery Committee management capacity not only helps them manage their fishery resources but also builds trust with their members, donors, local authorities, and the Fisheries Administration. Our training has given CFi Committees the ability to present their work to supporters, and Commune and Fisheries Administration officials. CFi Committees are now able align their work plans with their Commune's investment strategy. The gender in NRM training has improved equality between men and women in accessing and managing their natural resources.

Community Resource Mapping

Co-creating a community assets and natural resources map sets the scene for community capacity building. A community resource map depicts both natural features (e.g. streams, ponds, paddy fields etc.) and physical infrastructure. Through resource mapping we learn how villagers manage, conserve, and use their natural resources. At least 10 knowledgeable community members should develop the community resource map, including CFi management committee and CFi members, women, elders, and local authorities. With the facilitation of the project team, a knowledgeable community member drafts the map. Before being depicted the location of important features should be discussed and confirmed by other participants. The map should also depict any formal zones (e.g. community fishing areas or community fish conservation areas) or discuss potential areas for zonation.

A group discussion follows the completion of the map to determine people’s reliance on and interaction with their natural resources, as well as major management and conservation challenges. This allows us find areas for improvement in community development, natural resources management and conservation.

A suitably motivated community is required to develop an accurate and informative community resource map. The project team needs experience in facilitating community group discussions and developing community resource maps. The team also needs to ensure that women are involved in the discussions and that meetings are held at suitable times to allow them to attend.

The most common challenge faced by fishing communities is the management of their dry season fish refuges. Many of these ponds are disconnected from the lake in the dry season and at risk from drying out as climate change brings longer hotter conditions in the dry season. Our community partners have suggested increasing the depth of these wetlands and creating permanent connections to the lake to ensure they remain full throughout the dry season and thus protect the fish that shelter there until the lake floods again. Another challenge faced by many communities is the difficulty in managing remote conservation areas. This often results in the establishment of new conservation areas closer to local villages which allows for closer and more effective management.

Financial sustainability assessment

The purpose of this block is to propose financial mechanisms to sustain ghost fishing gear surveillance and improve fishers' compliance with the management agreement. This is an economic analysis that helps to build a shared view of how the problem could be managed, how much that would cost in a certain period, and which funding options are available to the community, including potential income generation from the upcycling of ghost fishing gear and other marine debris.

  • The existence of active local groups in areas other than diving, like communication, recycling, and tourism. They can play a role in the functioning of the ghost fishing strategy.
  • It is important to approach a variety of potential allies in the public and private sectors to increase the chances of finding adequate support and commitment from stakeholders.
Ecological and social-ecological impact assessment

The purpose of this building block is to identify the impacts of ghost fishing both on the ecosystems and the people.

 

Rapid ecological assessments are used to establish a baseline of the impacts observed in two ecosystems: mangroves and rocky reefs, identified as key conservation priorities in the management plan of the regional protected area.

 

The social-ecological aspects of the problem require more time for data collection. Surveys of perception, in-depth interviews, and workshops are used to obtain information from the fishing and diving community about how the problem is happening in the area and its social and economic implications. The goal is to gain a deep understanding of the situations that lead to fishing gear abandonment, loss, or discard.

  • Community groups and individuals provide information, participate in data collection, and motivate others to participate.
  • The data collection team spends enough time on data collection and triangulation of results.
  • There is trust between the data collection team and the community, and the prior informed consent that protects personal information is discussed and observed.

Rapid ecological assessments done by external experts must include:

  • enough time for data collection
  • time and commitment to return information to the community and participants