Reintroducing the Salmon to Its Historical Habitats (Ex-Situ Conservation)

Following habitat restoration efforts, including the removal of silt traps and reforestation along riverbanks, the salmon were reintroduced to five historical streams. Technologies, such as mini radio transmitters, were used to track the salmon’s behavior and assess the suitability of their restored habitats.

  • The Formosan landlocked salmon is a keystone species in stream ecosystems, with its presence helps maintain ecological balance. Restoring populations in historically distributed areas promotes the integrity and stability of local ecosystems.
  • The three-phase goal set at the 2000 Formosan Landlocked Salmon Conservation Research Symposium aims to restore its natural habitats, expand the species' natural distribution range, and reduce survival risks posed by issues like climate change.
  • The 2005 Wuling Stream Long-Term Monitoring Integrated Plan (2005-2013) involved monitoring habitats and species prior to the silt trap improvement plan, laying the groundwork for the restoration of ecosystem balance.
  • In 2017, a cross-regional collaboration with Taroko National Park enabled the release of Formosan landlocked salmon into Hehuan and Nanhu rivers, which are at higher elevations than the Qijiawan River.
  • Releasing salmon into different streams and different sections of the same stream fosters evolutionary diversity, contributing to the genetic diversity of the Formosan landlocked salmon.
  • In October 2023, a breakthrough in reintroduction techniques overcame the challenge of transporting fish over long distances. Through waterless transport, the eggs were transported and reintroduced into the upper reaches of Nanhu River, at an altitude of 2,200 meters in Zhongyangjian River.
  • In 2004, Typhoon Aere brought heavy rains and landslides that destroyed the hatchery along the Qijiawan River. The previous efforts were washed away, causing a 2–3-year disruption in the off-site conservation work. However, researchers and conservationists, equipped with prior experience, remained determined to persist in their efforts. To mitigate the impact of future extreme weather events, they also began releasing salmon into multiple streams, dispersing the risks associated with such climatic challenges.
Comprehensive life-cycle breeding program (Ex-Situ Conservation)

A comprehensive artificial breeding program was established over four years, producing 10,000 fish annually for conservation and reintroduction. Challenges included low genetic diversity and habitat-specific requirements.

  • A gene bank was established based on the concept of Noah’s Ark, aimed at increasing the population of the Formosan landlocked salmon through artificial breeding.
  • In 2000, the Formosan Landlocked Salmon Conservation Symposium was held, where a comprehensive conservation framework was developed. The goal was to gradually restore the five historical streams in the upper Dajia River, where the salmon originally thrived, within 30 years. A dual strategy of in-situ (on-site) and ex-situ (off-site) conservation was adopted.
  • Purely artificial breeding methods can reduce genetic diversity, so it is essential to establish a complete and sustainable breeding program.
  • There is limited experience in reintroducing endangered species, making it crucial to understand the life history and habitat requirements of the Formosan landlocked salmon. 
The Establishment of Shei-Pa National Park in 1992

Shei-Pa National Park has included the Qijiawan River catchment in its protected area, with conservation plans focusing on habitat preservation and breeding programs.

  • The Formosan landlocked salmon, discovered in 1917, is a unique species that is considered a "glacial relict." It is found exclusively in the high-altitude streams of central Taiwan, marking the southernmost and highest-altitude wild distribution of any salmon species in the world. This species is regarded as a natural monument and an iconic national treasure.
  • By 1984, the Formosan landlocked salmon was nearly extinct, with 90% of its historic range across five streams reduced, leaving only about 200 individuals.
  • In 1989, the Wildlife Conservation Act was enacted, listing the Formosan landlocked salmon as an endangered species (EN), signaling the urgent need for conservation.
  • During Taiwan's economic miracle in the 1960s to 1980s, human development spread to the mountains, leading to overfishing, water pollution, and habitat destruction. To conserve the Formosan landlocked salmon, the Wildlife Conservation Act was enacted, and Shei-Pa National Park was established to strengthen protection efforts.
Committee establishment, formalization and operationalization

Inclusive and participatory mapping of all stakeholders in the mangrove space in the five counties of Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Tana River and Lamu. A series of meetings for sensitization on the National Mangrove Management Plan, and later facilitated formation of the national and five county committees. The committees were then facilitated in developing their workplans and executing some of the activities. This has since been picked up. 

Partnership and collaboration.

Inclusive processes

Willingness and trust amongst partners 

Good Governance

Good governance is essential for the sustainable growth of Randilen Wildlife Management Area (WMA). Effective leadership, transparency, and accountability ensure that tourism revenues are managed efficiently, benefiting both conservation efforts and local communities. Strong governance structures help in decision-making, equitable distribution of resources, and the enforcement of policies that protect wildlife and natural habitats. By fostering community participation and fair representation, Randilen WMA can enhance trust among stakeholders, attract more investment, and promote long-term sustainability. Ultimately, good governance ensures that conservation and development go hand in hand, securing a prosperous future for both people and nature.

 

 

 

 

Clear communication channels among stakeholders.

Stakeholder commitment to transparency and accountability.

  • Developement suppose to reach the community and it is only possible with good governce in place 

     

use AI

To preserve natural resources, artificial intelligence must be introduced to preserve them, and automation must be used to preserve environmental diversity by linking to the use of the Internet today, which is everywhere, controlling it, and following up. It was made into a real reserve and controlled using connected surveillance cameras. Transporting animals to a safe environment protected by surveillance cameras to reduce poaching.

Renewable energy technologies for human wildlife coexistence and food security

We include renewable energy technologies such us solar panels  to power electic fences, improve livestoc water availability and sensored lights to mitigate economical loses in livestoc farms caused by predation over domestic animales, at the same time, we help rural farmer families to access electricity serveces and improve their food productivity, economicla and food founts

Funding availability
Landowners willingness to include new technologies in their agricultural system

 

We have implementing replicable technological strategies to mitigate economical losses by wild felids predation reaching a reduction of the 100% of attacks from cougar and jaguar over cattle in the Cerro El Inglés Communitary reserve, protecting vulnerable individuals by solar powered electric fences and motion-sensor lights and limiting the access of domestic animals to the forest by technifying water provision for livestock and solar powered electric fences. Having a demonstrative and replicable system used for education purposes with farmers from the region.

Coservation culture

Our efforts are focused on developing a conservation culture in local communities by highlighting local biodiversity in local art expressions, educational programs, institutional alliances, local social movements engagement and scientific research.

 Engagement capacity, Funding availability, inclusion, 

 

 

We have been able to support the establishment of local community based social collectives as the Águilas Crestadas ecological young people group and the Farmer women network, who have become key collegates to promote conservation in the region.
We have also promoted inter institutional alliances that have enabled young people from the study area to access educational opportunities around nature conservation, agroecology and nature-based tourism.
 

Community based biodiversity monitoring

We develop wildcats and potential prey community based monitoring with the families associated with Serraniagua in their private natural reserves by employing a small set of five trap cameras.

Natural reserve land owners willingness to develop monitoring activities within their lands
Trap cameras availability, this is a limited resouce for our organization 
Financial resources availability
Public Order
Favorable climatic conditions

Through community-based biodiversity monitoring, many new, endemic, and/or endangered species of plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals have been recorded, contributing to scientific knowledge and the implementation of technologies that support wildlife identification and habitat conservation.

A notable result of this effort is the documentation of six out of the seven felid species of Colombia within the area, including the rediscovery of the jaguar in the Andean region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Antonio, identified as an individual preying on livestock, has been tracked, revealing a movement route. We intend to explore this route as a landscape management strategy by implementing a robust trap camera monitoring program to identify potential anthropogenic impacts on wild mammals.

Planning for Human - Wildlife Coexistence

Collaborative planning space where all of the key actors at landscape scale work together to establish clear achievable goals that will lead to human-wild cats coexistence setting clear key indicators

  • Protected areas management groups including comunity based, agrucultural, gender based, and government authorities at regional and local scale working together to make the plans
  •   Fund finding: The co management cometee works together to find financial and technical support to handle with HWI within protected areas 

Serraniagua is part of regional and local co-management groups established for private and public protected areas within the Serranía de los Paraguas KBA. With financial support from the FAO, this co-management group has developed an interinstitutional action plan and protocol to address wildcat attacks on domestic animals. Between September and November, the group designed a pilot regional community-based monitoring of wild mammals using trap cameras (TC) within water resource conservation areas and private reserves, recording Antonio after two years since his last sighting. In 2025, we aim to conduct the "Plan4Coex" workshop for human-wildlife coexistence planning and incorporate the resulting plan into the updated management plan of the DRMI Serranía de los Paraguas. Additionally, we plan to provide the co-management committee with technological equipment to monitor landscape cover changes and GIS tools for managing regional and local natural reserves.