Partners

While APOPO is the leading organisation in training scent detection rats, we rely on our partners for a wide range of support. Without them, deploying scent detection rats would not be possible. Such partners range from local partners such as the Sokoine University of Agriculture, to international partners such as Mine Action Authorities, governments, donors, and specialised organisations.

For example, the wildlife detection project partners with the Endangered Wildlife Trust of South Africa. The project has been funded by a wide range of government donors such as

 

- The German Government (through the GIZ 'Partnership against Wildlife Crime in Africa and Asia' Global Program)

- The UNDP-GEF-USAID 'Reducing Maritime Trafficking of Wildlife between Africa and Asia' Project

- The UK 'Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund'

- The Wildlife Conservation Network

- The Pangolin Crisis Fund

- US Fish and Wildlife

 

We rely heavily on support from the Tanzanian Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA) for provision of training aids, and, recently, the support from the Dar es Salaam Joint Port Control Unit in order to conduct operational trials for illegal wildlife detection. 

Trust, collaboration, networking, knowledge exchange, integrity, supporting evidence, reporting, media and outreach. 

Building relationships takes time and trust. Open and honest dissemination of results, goals, and setbacks ensures that partners feel that they can trust your organisation. In addition, when dealing with governments and partners in countries other than your 'own', we have found it helpful to have a person who is familiar with the way the specific countries' governments work. An in-depth understanding of cultural values and customs can greatly enhance partnerships. In addition, expectations should be clearly communicated across all parties to avoid frustration and misunderstandings. 

Trained scent detection HeroRATs

Internal training and accreditation are instrumental to the deployment of HeroRATs, which are conducted at APOPO's training headquarters on the campus of the Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Tanzania. Here, African giant pouched rats are bred and trained for scent detection purposes. They are each trained for a specific programme following strict protocols, where they learn to detect and indicate their target scent and complete search strategies required for deployment. Once training is complete and the rats have been internally accredited, they can then be deployed across the world for operations. APOPO works with implementation and supports partners to achieve the best possible outcomes. Additional accreditation from independent sources can occur at this stage, before rats begin operations. 

Strict training protocols and Standard Operating Procedures. Regular monitoring and evaluation. APOPO's training site, located at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, receives continued support from the university and government to operate. 

Adequate financial support for employment of staff and upkeep of rats (housing, food, veterinary care). 

As rats are bred by APOPO but require time to be trained, an adequate pre-deployment time must be taken into consideration for either training next generations or starting projects at new locations. 

For 25 years, APOPO has been training scent detection rats. Central to our success is the continued monitoring, evaluation, and refinement of our training methods. Using exclusively positive reinforcement training, scent detection rats advance through pre-defined stages of training. Each program has an associated Standard Operating Procedure. In addition, continued research explores how our training and deployment can be improved even further. For new potential programs, such as wildlife detection, a team of highly qualified researchers and trainers design training methods which are then evaluated and adapted. A wide range of peer-reviewed scientific publications are available detailing APOPO's work. 

Possibilities to pay for land management to the owner from state budget

In order to be able to pay fees for agreed management with landowners, the legislation had to be approved allowing such expenditures from the state budget.

Concluding agreements on land management for nature conservation, and agreements on management in protected areas, and paying a financial contribution for its implementation has been enshrined in the Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection Act since the beginning in 1992. However, the absence of general legislation on the concept of public contracts had long been an obstacle to its application in practice. This legislation was finally approved as the Administrative Procedure Code in 2006.

It has been crucial that such a paragraph in the state legislation exists allowing to use state budget to pay for services associated with the management of naturally valuable areas even on a private land.

3. Action planning based on the outcome of the SAGE assessment

Development of an action plan after the SAGE process was very crucial as it ensured that recommendations provided in the SAGE process were addressed in a systematic and targeted manner whereby key stakeholders who participated in the SAGE process were also engaged in the action planning process hence, they drew the roadmap for implementation of those recommendations.

 

In addition, recommendations which came out of the SAGE process informed Honeyguide on areas of priority in designing WMA governance capacity building programs.

 

The overall successful preparation of an action plan after the SAGE process required the following;

  • A clear understanding of the assessment findings and recommendations provided
  • Clear goals and objectives to be achieved
  • Strong leadership and coordination with key stakeholders
  • Adequate resources
  • Willingness and commitment from all key stakeholders.

Overall success of the action planning phase based on the outcome of SAGE process provided an opportunity to learn important lessons related to;

  • Keen selection and active engagement of key stakeholders in the planning process
  • Thorough understanding of the local context
  • Effective prioritization and goal setting by all key stakeholders
  • Inclusiveness of all key stakeholders in adequate resource mobilization

These lessons learned can be used as a good source of information to future development planning and programming organs of the WMA and can help to ensure that development interventions are effective, inclusive, and sustainable over the long term.

Data for Decision Making

The process involved in Data for decision-making included gathering information by conducting participatory community Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and from key stakeholders, development of digital questionnaires, enumerators training on data collection, community data collection exercise and analysing the collected data to draw meaningful insights.

 

The data-gathering process involved participatory FGDs and engaging stakeholders, collecting information on the positive and negative impacts of Tsavo Trust (TT). This supported the development of a structured survey. The first Stakeholder meeting presented FGD findings, with participants providing additional insights. A digital questionnaire was created based on this input. Ten trained enumerators collected data from 156 households (approx. 950 individuals), achieving gender balance.

 

Community meetings shared survey results and ideas for addressing negative impacts. A second Stakeholder workshop gathered additional ideas. These components generated meaningful insights for decision-making.

 

These key components, including participatory discussions, stakeholder engagement, the development of a digital questionnaire, and data collection from households, were instrumental in generating meaningful insights for decision-making.

Using community youths to collect the data ensured that we got a good reception from respondents who answered the questions truthfully without fear of victimisation.

The sharing of results with communities and allowing them to give ideas on mitigation of the prioritised negative impacts made the phase start getting direction on negative impacts mitigation.

Stakeholders identified in the 2nd Stakeholders meeting contributed towards by giving more ideas for action on the negative impacts.

The community members shared local and traditional methods of mitigating the prioritised negative impacts which we found easy to implement with a small budget, this made us understand that sometimes the solution to otherwise big problems is with the people themselves and the need to be involving them in decision making.

TT learnt that bringing a wider network of stakeholders had varying benefits. Ensuring there was representation from County Government, like-minded NGO’s, Kenya Wildlife Services and Community helped TT and the stakeholders identify solutions/ideas for action for every negative impact identified. This helped reduce the pressures on TT to deliver and address all the negative impacts identified during the evaluation.

Sharing the information with the stakeholders also acted as a platform for Tsavo Trust to share what it does with The County Government, KWS and relevant stakeholders

Preparing for Assessment

The objectives of the Preparing for Assessment block were: 

  • Conduct a feasibility check, to determine whether SAPA was an appropriate methodology for assessing the social impacts of Kamungi.
  • Plan for the assessment, to ensure that the assessment was implemented as a high-quality multi-stakeholder process
  • Conduct community mapping, to help ensure that SAPA included all relevant communities within Kamungi.
  • Review existing information, To ensure the assessment builds upon existing data relevant to the design and implementation of the assessment.
  • Conduct stakeholder analysis,  To identify critical actors that should be engaged in SAPA

The SAPA team provided an overview of the SAPA to TT and Kamungi Conservancy management, this was followed by a community visit for mapping and awareness of the SAPA process, Two facilitators from Kamungi were identified, a male and a female, and trained for 2 days on gathering data from community members on positive and negative effects TT has had in the area. TT management provided the necessary data to facilitate the assessment and identified and ranked its stakeholders, clarifying their interests and Influence, the preparation phase helped set the base for the assessment ensuring all checkboxes were catered for and paving the way for the next building block

TT management provided relevant information on their community interventions and facilitated in community mapping, they also provided a vehicle to support on logistics during the period.

TT contracted experienced consultants who conducted the SAPA process professionally within the set timelines 

The good relationship between TT, Communities and Key Stakeholders made the participatory data collection process a success

Timely availing of project funds from BIOPAMA for the acities 

1. Through the SAPA process the TT identified the need to conduct more frequent meetings and community engagement in Kamungi Conservancy and surrounding villages that do not form part of the Kamungi Conservancy – especially on the projects TT is implementing.

2. We learned that it is important to update Communities and stakeholders on project interventions. This ensures that there is an element of project ownership and that its impacts are felt and measurable.

 

Partnership and collaboration

Since the software being deployed (SMART) was not being developed but rather an implementation, there existed other organizations that have used it. It was necessary to adapt and capitalize on the experience of other partners for a smooth process. This project engaged Space for Giants (SFG) who monitor large mammals in the landscape to provide guidance, templates and training. The training of trainers was conducted by SFG who also offered support in the development and configuration of necessary databases, online platforms and data collection models.

 

Two years before the project was conceived, a collaboration between Ol Pejeta and Vulcan Inc. through the Tech Lab saw the creation of an online visualization platform, EarthRanger that has since been used to integrate reports from various sources within the organization and from partners.

  • Landscape level information sharing - Organizations in Laikipia have partnerships which facilitate collaborative monitoring of particular aspects of biodiversity and preparation of landscape reports. This enables easy collaborations in capacity building and innovation.

  • Common goal - OPC has established a Conservation Technology Lab for developing, testing and monitoring technologies for the benefit of all players in the landscape. SFG also provides a centralized database for wildlife monitoring to some conservancies in Laikipia.

  • Collaborations help reduce costs - The partnership with SFG in this project significantly reduced the cost of developing SMART data collection models and training of staff which would otherwise require the hiring of a consultant(s).

  • Past and current partnerships have future benefits - The collaboration with Vulcan Inc which was developed 2 years earlier became beneficial to this project where SMART was integrated with EarthRanger to enhance visual analysis and sharing.

Sensitisation of potential beneficiaries and affected persons

The purpose was to bring together all the affected persons, the potential beneficiaries and all the concerned community members, partners to introduce to them the project idea, its anticipated impacts both negative and positive, whilst explaining the responsibility of the community members their roles during the implementation. This was also meant to get the different views and ideas of members to aid the successful implementation of the activities of the project. It was also meant to share with the community members the relevant knowledge required to utilize the wetland and its various resources/products  sustainably in order to live in harmony with nature. The engagement involved teaching the members the need for their participation for each step during implementation. Different individuals or households were engaged in different activities in the wetland. This sensitisation meeting further explored how each activity in the wetland can be carried out to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impacts both economically and environmentally. A call for a community meeting was announced on radio, church gatherings and other media. This was a continuous activity throughout the implementation of the project.

  • The grant budget took into account communication expenses, plus conduction mass sensitization meetings.; refreshments were catered for.
  • The ability to reach every member of the community through local council leaders, mass gatherings including the initial project launch event that was used as another platform for passing the information.
  • The willingness of most members of the community to conserve natural resources especially those who were already organized in the community based environmental conservation organisation.
  • Some members attended the meeting out of curiosity knowing that the project activities may negatively impact on their activities in the wetland since they were involved in illegal and destructive activities.
  • Expectations in terms in the beginning were so low, and the mood changed gradually after learning of the several benefits that the project was coming along with, including alternative sources of income.
Political actors and technical personnel engagement

This helps to orient and introduce the project idea to the relevant officials working with the district/administrators directly or indirectly involved in the project. This was meant to avoid any future audit queries, conflicts arising from implementation of activities. These involved local councilors, local council or village chairmen, district political leaders, environmental police, internal security organizations, district administration officials, district technical staff from different departments(finance, procurement, natural resources, community development, engineering etc). This included other private stakeholders doing more or less similar projects, lodge owners etc. The engagement involved an organized project launch activity or ground breaking ceremony to educate them on the project anticipated activities, locations/areas, budget, beneficiaries, potential risks and the anticipated outcome, plus seeking their input and support for the success of the project. This also involved field visits to access the situation on ground before implementation.

  • Knowledge of the scope of the project, political boundaries and administration, scope of work of all the political and technical actors and their relevance in the implementation of the projects.
  • Mode of communication and ability to reach them - official written communication inviting the leaders and officials to the event.
  • Budgeted funds in the project to facilitate day allowance /transport refund/field visits.
  • Some of the local council leaders, are farmers and it was discovered that they are undertaking activities in the wetland and they were quick to embrace the prospected project activities and showed the will to offer personal advice.
  • This demonstrated the best practice for overall conceptualisation of the project idea by the stakeholders involved.
  • In this event, overall community members of anticipated beneficiaries were not invited. This was done on a different occasion, though it would have been time and resource saving to have them on this one too to help them prepare for the sensitization and education workshops ahead.
Identification of appropriate technology

Data collection is digitised using technological applications often selected to meet the needs of a particular project. In wildlife monitoring and protection, SMART for Conservation was identified as a suitable software for it provides a quick form to record incidents while tracking the distance covered by each team. Further, data collected in this manner needs to be used alongside other datasets for well informed decision making. To achieve this, an integration with Earthranger (an online visualization platform) was instituted to allow visual analysis of incidents and patrol coverage against other components such as tagged animals, live streaming images from security cameras, points of interest and environmental hazard reports.

  • Landscape-level collaboration - Learning from other players in the field to select technologies that have worked and can help in collaboration and sharing

  • Conservation Technology Laboratory - Existence of a technology development and trialing facility at the project site enhanced consultations with developers and other users. It was essential for conducting training, software configurations and system integration.

  • Knowledge of existing gaps - There was a clear understanding of gaps in data submission (time, geolocations and inconsistencies)

  • Team participation - Deliberate involvement of key staff members who have knowledge in the fieldwork designs, management needs and existing gaps is useful in pointing out technological needs.

  • Engagement of other organizations and people - It is important to learn from others who will indicate successful parts of the solution and associated shortfalls. These engagements would often help identify training needs, appropriate equipment and sustainability of the project

  • There is probably no fit-for-all solution - Application of identified technology/solution for data collection and/or analysis may need to be implemented together with other applications to enhance information management and sharing

  • Piloting before implementation - At the point of identification, it is useful to undertake a pilot rollout with a trial group if resources allow to gauge applicability and highlight potential pitfalls