Creation of collaborative research projects on Indigenous and Local Knowledge

SITMo has developed partnership with local scientific institutions like the Ifugao State University, which is working with the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) designation and has established the Ifugao Rice Terraces GIAHS Research and Development Center. Furthermore, connected to this initiative, SITMo is working in cooperation with the Ifugao State University and the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Chengchi University of Taiwan in the project “Center for Taiwan-Philippines Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge and Sustainable Development”, where partner institutions are exploring together the sustainable safeguarding and transmission of their Indigenous knowledge through exchange and collaborative research, which would enable local communities to develop sustainably. A long-term partnership with the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) has been established in 2012 to undertake archaeological investigations in the terraces, leading to the establishment of community heritage galleries and publication of scientific articles.

  • GIAHS designation of the Rice Terraces (2004)
  • The local Ifugao State University is engaged in research and cooperation focused on the rice terraces, agroforestry and biodiversity conservation
  • The Department of Education embarked on a major overhaul of the curriculum where Indigenous knowledge and local Ifugao culture is to be integrated in all levels of K to 12. Research on traditional knowledge was required. 
  • Common challenges with neighboring countries and other Indigenous communities
  • Involving research in the conservation of the Rice Terraces and the engagement of the youth and the community at large in the endeavor are mutually beneficial (for the research institutes and the local communities)
  • The interface of traditional knowledge learning through community elders and the formal schools through formally trained teachers can be conflicting at times so long-term strategies are to be put in place.
  • Administrative bureaucracy can be difficult for non-government organizations to work with government agencies and universities but patience is the key to success.
Establishment of an inclusive dialogue process: the Laponia Process

The Laponia Process was an approach to dialogue created and developed by a diversity of stakeholders in the Laponian Area World Heritage property. Since Laponia is a large area which consists of several protected areas, to establish a coordinated management system as a whole has been very challenging since its inscription in the World Heritage List. The County Administrative Board of Norbotten and the Sámi communities and municipalities of Jokkmokk and Gällivare started originally to prepare their conservation programs independently. The Laponia Process started by the initiative of the Governor of Norrbotten in 2005 including all stakeholders in a process of dialogue based on a set of common values, which would lead the parties to agree in crucial issues and the terms in which the Laponian Area should be managed. All decisions were determined to be taken by consensus, and new regulations for the national parks and nature reserves were requested. In 2006, the parties signed a common agreement which they sent to the Government, which contained:

  • A set of common basic values
  • Common intentions for a number of efforts
  • The establishment of a temporary Laponia delegation
  • Preparations for the start of a World Heritage management group with a Sámi majority on the committee.

The political will of the Governor of Norbotten, the Sámi village organizations through the association Midjá Ednam, the interest of the municipalities of Jokkmokk and Gällivare, and the endorsement of the SEPA were essential conditions for starting the process. The initiative originates in the acceptance of the different realities of the parties involved and the strong will to co-create a new management for the Laponian Area. Moreover, there was enough financing for the project and each group participated with the same  economical prerequisites.

To be able to establish an organization based on consensus and develop a new way of management, one needs to listen to people and try to learn why they are thinking and doing like they are (it is norms and values that forms their ideas and practise) but also openly explain why one is thinking and doing in the way one is, because that also depends on the norms and values one has in life. This process takes time, and it is about learning new knowledge from each other and accept it. This is also a process one cannot do in the office, one needs to go out and meet people in their ordinary life regularly. It cannot be rushed or think it can be a quick fix. The Laponia Process took six years until all stakeholders involved could agree upon a common organization and management plan. 

To do a process like the Laponia Process – you need to have time, financing, and the “right” people involved. Listen to each other. Time to take home tricky questions and discuss them with other representatives for the stakeholders, before decisions are made. 

Partager / To share

Communication and raising awareness are the pillars of environmental protection.

Laws are an important factor for environmental protection, but it is the will of the public that will make the difference. It is important to raise awareness of the richness of our territories, but also of their fragility. We need to realize that it is through our daily actions that we can make a difference. For example, if a consumer creates a demand, the fisherman responds to this demand.

To share and raise awareness, an exhibition will soon be set up on each island of the French West Indies. The objective will be to present the diversity and the fragility of the shark and ray populations that frequent the shallow waters and to present good practices.

  • Attractive supports.
  • Surprising information about sharks and rays.
  • Supports adapted to the local context.
  • Various communication methods to reach different kind of public.
  • The public wants to discover and learn.
Apprendre / To learn

To protect, we need knowledge.

  • What shark and ray species are present in the shallow waters of the French West Indies?
  • When are these species present?
  • Are they present on all the islands?
  • What are the potential local threats to their populations?
  • Are they in contact with human activities?

With so many questions in need of an answers, we came up with two main methods to collect the necesarry knowledge:

  • Scientific monitoring based on aerial surveys. The shallow waters of the French West Indies were explored with a drone. This method makes it possible to identify the species present and count the number of individuals which frequent the shallow waters.
  • Aquisition and valorisation of sea user's knowledge. Who is best placed to know the sea? The local users! Fishermen, divers, swimmers use the sea every day. Participatory science was used to record sightings of sharks and rays. The collected data made it possible to produce distribution maps for each species and to collect information about shark and ray interactions with human activities.
  • Stakeholders and managers involvement.
  • Communication.

The difficulty of using participatory sciences.

Protéger /To protect

With the presence of critically endangered species (i.e. Caribbean numbfish, Narcine bancroftii), of endemic Caribbean species (i.e. the Caribbean reef shark, Carcharhinus perezi), and of many nurseries and breeding areas, the French West Indies have an important role in the conservation of shark and ray populations.

However, the protection of species that have a negative image remains a challenge, even more so due to the accidents that take place each year on the French island of La Reunion.

This project aims to propose the first measures for the conservation of sharks and rays: adaptation of fishing regulations, development of sustainable tourism practices, ect.

  • Adapted measures for shark and ray populations.
  • Stakeholder and managers involved.
  • The importance of involving stakeholders.
  • The need to raise awarness the public but also the stakeholders and state officials.
Dissemination and Communication of Information for Behavioural Change

Volunteers are strongly involved in communication processes to seek changes in society, thereby fulfilling four functions: informing, persuading, entertaining and educating.

 

Communication work is crucial for society to find out about and value natural resources, in order to increase environmental education and awareness and to contribute to a better conservation of natural areas.

The program is part of the #NatureForAll movement, which enables them to have access to effective communication tools.

 

Content and means of distribution must be adapted to different audiences (rural, urban, business, academic and research).

Volunteer Work

Projects in this area offer young people the opportunity to contribute to nature conservation by getting involved in the following tasks:

  1. Reforestation
  2. Conservation of flora and fauna
  3. Data collection
  4. Tasks involving nature reserve maintenance
  5. Bio-construction projects
  6. Environmental Education and Communication
  1. Young people in Paraguay are increasingly interested in conserving natural areas.
  2. The #VolunteerParkRanger program offers a complete program for the development of the activities.
  3. Partnership and communication with Natural National Parks of Colombia to provide information on the development of activities.

The first version of the #VolunteerParkRanger program generated significant interest that exceeded the ability of the program to manage itself adequately. 

 

Bearing in mind the lessons learned during the first version, a limit was set for the numbers required and this was based on the following potential participation scenarios: 

  • 50 - 100
  • 100 - 150 
  • 200 and more

This made the work more vibrant so that all interested young people were provided a work space and program.

Capacity building of the implementing NGOs

Participating in the IUCN Shared Resources, Joint Programme's capacity-building for civil society on business engagement helped the NGOs increase their chances of success, but also to connect with other NGOs at the event. The training included advocacy, building trust with the company, designing a good business engagement approach and engaging with a company in a convivial way while staying true to principles. Through this training, IUCN provided their existing contact with a key person in the company to the implementing NGOs, which further reinforced their engagement. 

SRJS sought to create a learning space that gathered civil society to share knowledge for increased business engagement impact, while considering their contexts and needs. Beninese NGOs involved in the training were also willing to know more about how to effectively influence business, as well as sharing expertise with other NGOs in their landscape. 

- It is necessary to design an appropriate business engagement strategy because one type of strategy does not fit all situations. 

-It is important for an NGO to approach a business in a convivial way while holding on to its positions. 

-Trust-building between business and CSOs is paramount to achieving sustainability goals. 

-NGOs must work together and learn from each other to increase impact. 

Existing biodiversity consideration and an in-company champion.

Heidelberg already had a biodiversity policy and were organising a reward initiative related to biodiversity. This meant that there was already a good foundation to build on, and someone to advocate strongly for it within the company.

For a company to be aware of sustainability and biodiversity factors , it can depend on the presence of a conscientious employee or manager, the response to legal, financial or social pressures, or willingness over the years to discuss with civil society.

It was necessary for the NGOs to study the company and assess how far the company was in terms of environmental awareness, and knowing where and how to make the most impact. 

APA governance strengthened by the high degree of social participation, shared, participatory and consensual management.

Decisions on land management are made respecting and taking into consideration the expectations and needs of all project stakeholders, who are key players in the preservation actions as well as in the implementation of other proposals such as sustainable fishing, community-based tourism, etc. and who in turn help the municipal bodies in their supervisory role.

It is important to mention that the licensing of activities in this area must follow a process verified by two councils: the Municipal Council for Environmental Defense (CONDEMA) and the APA Management Council.

It has been very important in order to achieve the objectives, as well as to arrive at sound and convenient decisions, the fact that the decision making is controlled by both Councils, which has given a greater degree of confidence both in the decision making and in the granting of licenses to operate in the area.

One of the lessons learned here is that, by seeking certain, consensual and politically unopposed decisions, the achievement of objectives becomes much more feasible and attainable than making non-aligned decisions.