Wildlife surveillance for One Health intelligence

Financing support for multi-sector surveillance of zoonotic diseases in wildlife and along wildlife trade chains is essential to improve understanding of pathogen diversity, disease dynamics and potential risks posed by wildlife trade, to support evidence-based decision making, monitor emerging pathogens and support targeted future surveillance and mitigation investments

Long-term financial support for sustained wildlife surveillance: in the field, in the laboratory and for associated data analysis to inform decision-makers and support reporting through One Health coordination platforms 

It is a challenge to secure funding for longer than the typical short cycles associated with government priorities to really make a difference in capacity and system building. Wildlife and environment sectors typically receive less funding and attention compared with livestock and human health, despite their clear linkages to both and increasing risks of emerging diseases of wildlife origin. 

 

Building long-term, multi-sectoral, trans-disciplinary partnerships and capacities

Building long-term partnerships and capacity for multi-sector surveillance of zoonotic diseases along wildlife trade chains promotes and supports effective One Health collaboration from the spillover frontlines to national and international policy makers, and improved understanding of pathogen diversity, disease dynamics and potential risks posed by wildlife trade. Platforms for regular multi-sector discussion between animal health, environment, enforcement, and human health sectors, as well as with and amongst international and multi-lateral partners, is essential for open discourse and sharing of information on the risks, challenges and opportunities for pandemic prevention. This is critical to improve cross- sectoral trust, understanding, communication and coordination to increase opportunities for effective legislative change and cultural shifts.

Openness of host governments to coordination between environment, law enforcement, animal health and human health sectors and investment of time and personnel from those sectors in wildlife surveillance for One Health intelligence; patience; funding; One Health coordination platforms

Trans-sectoral coordination and support from the government is essential from the beginning to ensure effective surveillance for diseases of zoonotic origin along wildlife trade chains and to promote understanding and sharing of findings. Openness of national governments to make science-based policy changes to reduce health risks posed by wildlife trade is essential for meaningful, long-term impact. 

Local ownership and co-management

The project follows a co-management approach from the outset - partner communities and local authorities have been consulted prior to planning and implementation. They have been actively involved in all steps of the project implementation, received training and were compensated for their efforts (planting). Examples include the integration of their local knowledge about the selected species and the benefits such as NTFPs.

Key is a good understanding of the local stakeholders and farmers to not only understand the purpose but also the benefits they will have if the project is implemented successfully. This goes beyond the planting and includes the management, to secure success beyond the project's lifetime. With a view to upscaling itis also crucial to align with local and national policy priorities and support the backing of decision-makers. Lastly, dissemination to receive braoder support.

It is difficult but can and has to be done - the ecosystem services are vital to the local population and the intensity of storms and droughts requires action and upscaling. Errors in this pilot work are necessary to improve the approach because there is little knowledge about the selected species, some of which are threatened by extinction (e.g. Shorea falcata). We have learned many lessons, e.g. on how to improve the seedling quality in the nursery and the planting approach, which are two crucial factors for the survival rates.

Desert Farming: "Breathable Sand" Farm in Ras Al Khaimah

In Abu Dhabi, Breathable Sand technology has helped with the growing of peanuts, mung beans, and black-eyed peas on some farms, while mango and lemon orchids have also shown fruitful results in 18 months.

 

Most vegetables in Abu Dhabi are imported and/or shipped from nearby cities such as Dubai. Famers now can grow local vegetables and fruits to serve the local families.  The quality of the product is also good, and the water usage is only 20% of what typical needs because uncontrolled infiltration is greatly reduced thanks to the Breathable Sand.

 

The current farm includes 500-square-meter arable land to plant vegetables and fruits, and 100,000 square meters of land in Ras Al Khaimah is being prepared for additional applications.

* Local government was supportive to allow the farm built using the new water-saving technologies.  This solution is also in-line with the food security needs in the region.

* Local farmers, after explanation and demonstrations (please see other building blocks), with little guidance, were happy to embrace the technology. 

* After three of years of installation, high-quality produce and healthy plants are the best support to continue using the new technology.

 

International collaboration is crucial in the initial implementation.   The "Breatahbel Sand" technology was invented in China and was used in many applications.  However, it is important to have on-site guidance to ensure the installation is done correctly.  We found there are minor adjustments needed to fit the site-specific needs.

 

In addition, we realized that local manufacturing of the Breathable Sand is very important to reduce the shipping and transportation costs.  UAE has abundant aeolian sand resources, which can be used to produce Breathable Sand locally.  Building a sand-treatment and coating factory in UAE is planed for 2023 to reduce the costs.

Arid and Semi-arid Landscaping: Home Gardening

A temple tree, jasmine, a coconut tree, roses, and six varieties of hibiscus, are in full bloom in a home garden in Dubai, which don’t grow in the desert environment normally.  Thanks to the "Breathable Sand" technology, water is saved and also plants grow healther.

* A collaborative partnership between South Africa’s Dake Group and the Rechsand Technology Group from China was formed.  The sand was partially donated from China, and the shipping and construction costs were covered by the Dake group.  A common goal on the need for new sustainable technologies enables this collaboration. 

* Traning is needed even for small projects since this is a completely new technology for the region.  An engineer from China has traveled to the site to ensure the correct installation.

Community Outreach and Stewardship: JA Hotel Tree Planting

Goumbook and JA Hotels & Resorts have planted a total of 20 Ghaf saplings in Dubai’s resort, backing the ‘Give a Ghaf’ campaign to conserve the threatened indigenous plant.  Local hotel managers and employees planted trees using the new "Breathable Sand" technology to reduce irrigation water usage.

* Initial contacts were started after a local green-technology conference, which allows Breatahbels Sand scientists/engineers to meet with the JA Hotel manager team. 

* JA Hotels & Resorts is Dubai’s most sustainable 5-star resort.  The partnership is forged by good collaboration and Hotel's need for new water-saving technologies.  Some small demonstration sites (See School Tree Planting and Home Gardening building blocks) also provided confidence in JA Hotel in using this technology.

 

JA Hotels & Resorts is Dubai’s most sustainable 5-star resort.  The management team initially has some concerns about the tree performance using this new technology, since this is completely new to them.  Good communication and other case studies were provided to JA Hotels which paved the way for the project's success, especially local case studies, and demonstration projects (see other building blocks).

Environmental Education: UAE Dwight School Tree Planting

Dwight School is a leading international school with campuses on three continents. In 2021, the Dubai campus has successfully used the water-wise and sustainable ‘Breathable Sand’ solution offered in water conservation and desert farming, as part of a tree planting drive on its campus.

 

This site also is used for education and demonstration purposes. 

 

* Tree planting using water-saving technologies is part of Dwight School's efforts.  Good collaboration between the school and the sand technology firm is critical.

* External investment, support from key stakeholders, and initial in-kind donation are needed to donate sand to the school.

* With little guidance, middle-school-aged students can plan and implement the program mostly by themselves.  We found training is still important which was provided by the sand scientists and school teachers prior to the tree-planting event.

* No need to worry about the size of the project.  School projects are small, but all gained lots of discussions among students and media.  It also served as a demonstration site for visitors. 

* Besides lessons in the classroom, students need hands-on experience in implementing breakthrough technologies. 

* And the projects will continue to grow, as more students get interested in plant care and technologies that influence sustainability. Since the first project finished in Dwight School, there are more than a handful of local schools that have also used the same technology. Dwight School International has also expressed interest in buying the treated sands in larger projects on campuses in the USA.

 

Coordinación multisectorial para el monitoreo, vigilancia y manejo adecuado de vicuñas

El fortalecimiento de lazos de confianza entre las comunidades manejadoras de vicuñas y el área protegida (trabajamos en conjunto hace 17 años), y con la Asociación Nacional de Manejadores de Vicuñas (trabajamos en conjunto hace 3 años), es crítico para fortalecer la conservación de la vicuña y de su hábitat. Esto ha permitido realizar monitoreos sobre el crecimiento poblacional y la sanidad de las vicuñas; realizar vigilancia de contaminantes y su impacto en la especie; desarrollar capacidades en bienestar animal, bioseguridad; obtener fibra de mayor calidad; e iniciar, recientemente, una línea base sobre la depredación de vicuñas y ganado por perros pastores, así como el estado de salud y de bienestar de los perros.

- Apoyo y compromiso de las comunidades manejadoras de vicuñas de Apolobamba.

- Apoyo y compromiso del área protegida SERNAP Apolobamba.

- Apoyo y compromiso de la ACOFIVB - Asociación para la Comercialización de la Fibra de Vicuñas en Bolivia.

- Complementariedad con otras organizaciones conservacionistas como la AGA - Alianza Gato Andino.

- Involucrar constantemente a los diferentes sectores permitió establecer una mayor confianza de trabajo conjunto, favoreciendo el cumplimiento de nuestros objetivos.

- Los esfuerzos en capacitaciones sobre el manejo de las vicuñas en silvestría con estándares de bienestar animal y sanidad, y de la fibra obtenida con mejor calidad y mejores ingresos para los comunarios, son impulsores de la conservación de la especie y su hábitat.

Image recognition algorithms for jaguar detection and identification

The image recognition component, based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in the framework of the Tech4Nature Mexico pilot, plays a fundamental role by: i) Automatically detecting the presence of jaguars in camera trap captures, thus speeding up data processing; and ii) Automatically identifying individual jaguars in the region, which enhances the understanding of local populations. This approach is of vital importance in conservation by taking advantage of advanced methods that allow a faster and more detailed analysis.

Data collected from the devices and strategic alliances with Huawei, UPY, and other expert conservation organizations for data sharing. During a full school year, a group of young data engineering students from UPY were dedicated to the development of the image recognition models. Given the possibility that the models could be biased in the recognition of jaguars due to the students' lack of experience in monitoring this species, the group received training and feedback from a biologist specialized in feline conservation in Yucatan.

We faced a considerable challenge in developing automatic models for the detection and identification of jaguars in images. This task is complicated not only by the scarcity of available data, but also by the limited amount of images captured by camera traps containing the species of interest, due to its critical conservation status. These obstacles have been notable in the initial stages of the project, prompting us to collect animal images from a variety of sources to expand our dataset. However, complexity increases at this stage due to additional factors.

Camera traps and eco-acoustic monitoring devices deployment

The local team strategically placed 15 camera traps and 30 eco-acoustic monitoring devices (audiomoths) within the mangrove and lowland rainforest habitats where jaguars have been previously sighted. This deployment effectively captured the region's biodiversity and generated valuable data for subsequent analysis.

Field research, in conjunction with active participation from the local community and insights gained from co-design efforts, pinpointed the optimal locations for deploying cameras and audiomoths. These devices were strategically positioned in less disturbed areas of the mangroves, jungles, and savannahs, ensuring the success of our scientific survey.

Collaborative site characterization and mapping with the local community served as a crucial foundation for the successful deployment of these devices. However, we also encountered challenges, including wildfires and extreme events, which temporarily impeded both device placement and data collection efforts.