Women and children

The participation of women, youth and children from Tumaradó in different activities related to fishery resource monitoring is clear and marked. Some women are in charge of handling and arranging the fish and are involved in commercialization and value-added activities such as cleaning and gutting the fish. Some women have been involved in monitoring because of their participation in fish cleaning activities. They also play a leading role in gastronomy, participate in meetings, workshops and environmental education activities, support the implementation and logistics of cultural events, and support their husbands and fathers in carrying out their activities.

Generally, there are two women from the community on the team, and others are involved in the different activities, for example, as collectors of fishing information and facilitators of the agreement: accompanying fishing operations to verify compliance with the provisions of the agreement.

For their part, the children support the landing of hydrobiological resources, in addition to accompanying their parents to throw the nets during fishing operations, and participate in workshops and different spaces for socialization of the monitoring results, allowing the generation of knowledge and wisdom.

-Effective inclusion of women and children from the Tumaradó community in the work related to the use agreement.

-Knowledge of the agreement and the use of the monitoring information in the community of Tumaradó, this is included in the educational institution, teachers-students.

-Women are the ones selected to carry out the trade tasks because of their ability to manage finances, which is recognized by the fishermen themselves, who leave these functions in their hands.

-Some women and children accompany the fishing tasks, however, in the Tumaradó Community this role is more marked in the men.

-The roles are complementary, there is no competition, rather the aptitudes of each gender are recognized and used strategically.

-The agreement has allowed women to be more visible, making their roles in the community more dynamic.

Tumaradó and monitoring

Within the framework of the use and management agreement, the fishermen of the Tumaradó area provide information on the species caught, the type of gear used, the expenses incurred in the process, the weight and size of the species caught, the site of capture, the total and effective time per fishing operation, the state of sexual maturity, the state of each organism (whole, eviscerated), the type of boat and propulsion, as well as the number of fishermen, for 15 days a month; In addition, two follow-up visits to the agreements and two monthly monitoring visits to the fishing operations are carried out.These activities are carried out in order to know the status of the fishery resource and thus be able to make decisions on its management.

-Availability of fishermen to collect information related to monitoring.

-Ability and good relationship with the protected area's personnel to collect information.

-Adjust the necessary measures of the agreement, according to the results of fishery monitoring.

-Socialization of the fishery monitoring results in a timely manner

-Linking ethnic groups (Embera-Katíos) that live in the area to the conservation processes

-Information inputs for fisheries management processes in coordination with AUNAP.

-Larger and heavier fish are caught within the permitted sizes and sold at a better price (added value due to good practices).

-The migration of the Tumaradó community to other places in search of economic alternatives is avoided.

Implementation in stages

The works were carried out progressively: 3 phases spread over 3 years to achieve the desired structure and respect the ecological dynamics of the site, given that the stations are different according to altitude.

  • A first phase in year 1 concerning the summit part of the site.
  • A second phase in year 2 concerning the middle part.
  • A third phase in year 3 concerning the lower part.

The cuttings are carried out in a "centrifugal" manner. We start at the edges and gradually move away from them. This ensures that only what is necessary is cut.

The landscape gardener monitors the cuttings "live" from another vantage point, facing the slope, to adjust if necessary.

It became clear that the presence of the landscape gardener was essential to the successful completion of the work and to the proper application of the original plan.

The results after 3 years are satisfactory, but require long-term monitoring. A posteriori, a photographic observatory of the evolution of the right-of-way should perhaps have been set up for more precise monitoring.

Field mission to Grande Glorieuse

During a 14-day field mission on the island of Grande Glorieuse, the GCOI's scientific coordinator deployed three different scientific protocols aimed at improving knowledge of the island's potential chiropteran species, and in particular of the Mauritian Taphien, whose presence has been confirmed.

The first phase involved active acoustic transects across the entire island, to identify areas frequented by the Mauritius Taphenid and any other bat species. Based on the results of this listening, visual surveys were carried out in frequented areas (notably coconut groves) to identify roosting areas and assess the numbers of the Mauritius Taphenid population. Capture sessions were then carried out in these roosting areas to collect genetic samples from the Mauritius taphid individuals captured. Subsequent genetic studies will be carried out on these samples, in partnership with PIMIT, to improve our knowledge of the species' biogeographical distribution and assess the potential role of Grande Glorieuse in this.

  • Have obtained authorization to access Grande Glorieuse via a scientific campaign

  • To have obtained a place for a round trip on the FAZSOI's means of transport

  • Have provided a complete and correct medical file from the operator to the TAAF

  • Have been able to adapt to the logistical constraints imposed by the FAZSOI to carry out rotations to and from the Eparses Islands

  • Adapted to the island's meteorological constraints and, despite this, met all the planned objectives.

  • Established a partnership with PIMIT

  • Census of the Taphien de Maurice only, by active listening

  • Identification of areas frequented by the Taphien de Maurice

  • Identification of an area used by the Taphien de Maurice (on the base, in a coconut grove with 209 coconut trees).

  • Estimated population size at 10 individuals, including a non-flying juvenile

  • Discovery that the Mauritius Taphenid population is breeding on the island.

  • Capture of 9 individuals, 7 different, 4 females and 3 males

  • Collection of 7 genetic, salivary and faecal samples for subsequent analysis

  • Biometric measurements taken on all captured individuals

  • Future genetic analyses to provide information on the global range of the Mauritius Taphenid.

Passive acoustic listening protocol

On each island concerned by the project, 2 SongMeter mini bat ultrasonic recorders were deployed during 2 listening sessions by 7 agents from the Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, previously trained by the GCOI in their use. The two listening sessions took place in winter (December-January) and austral summer (July-August), based on knowledge of the Taphien of Mauritius. Positioned for 5 nights, in 4 pre-selected habitat types, 20 listening nights per recorder and per session were recorded. In all, 240 listening nights were recorded on all the islands.

Sampling plans were based on data on the different types of environment present on the three islands, supplied by the Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin.

Once the recordings had been retrieved, the data were processed using a fixed-point protocol derived from the VigieChiro system managed by the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, enabling the chiropteran species recorded in the sound files to be determined. Once the sounds had been processed automatically, a manual acoustic analysis was carried out by GCOI employees to identify any species not detected by the software.

  • Training of TAAF agents by the GCOI in the use of recorders

  • Involvement and autonomy of TAAF agents in setting up the protocol

  • Cooperation with CBNM to provide data on the types of environment on each island studied.

  • Cooperation with MNHN to adapt the fixed-point protocol to a study area other than metropolitan France

  • Involvement of GCOI employees in sound processing and analysis, and in drawing up management recommendations adapted to the results of the study.

  • Presence of two chiropteran species on Grande Glorieuse

  • No chiropterans on Tromelin

  • Doubt as to the presence or absence of chiropterans on Europa

  • Good partnerships with TAAF, CBNM and MNHN

3. Action planning based on the outcome of the SAGE assessment

Development of an action plan after the SAGE process was very crucial as it ensured that recommendations provided in the SAGE process were addressed in a systematic and targeted manner whereby key stakeholders who participated in the SAGE process were also engaged in the action planning process hence, they drew the roadmap for implementation of those recommendations.

 

In addition, recommendations which came out of the SAGE process informed Honeyguide on areas of priority in designing WMA governance capacity building programs.

 

The overall successful preparation of an action plan after the SAGE process required the following;

  • A clear understanding of the assessment findings and recommendations provided
  • Clear goals and objectives to be achieved
  • Strong leadership and coordination with key stakeholders
  • Adequate resources
  • Willingness and commitment from all key stakeholders.

Overall success of the action planning phase based on the outcome of SAGE process provided an opportunity to learn important lessons related to;

  • Keen selection and active engagement of key stakeholders in the planning process
  • Thorough understanding of the local context
  • Effective prioritization and goal setting by all key stakeholders
  • Inclusiveness of all key stakeholders in adequate resource mobilization

These lessons learned can be used as a good source of information to future development planning and programming organs of the WMA and can help to ensure that development interventions are effective, inclusive, and sustainable over the long term.

Gender participation in the lobster fishery value network

The S.C.P.P. Vigía Chico, which is immersed in the fishery improvement project, has been developing good practices to achieve sustainable fishing, but fishing had been perceived and managed only as an extractive activity, and not as a complex system that encompasses other stages along the value network. It was on this basis that the cooperatives began to analyze and diagnose the participation by gender in each link of the value network. Thus, it was possible to visualize that the composition of the links encompasses activities in which women play a crucial role not only because they perform the activity itself (e.g., administration, transportation, processing, marketing, storage, landing, preparation of supplies) but also because the complementary activities (e.g., generation of citizen science, provision of services, family support) play an important role in achieving the objectives of resource conservation and sustainable fishing.

  1. Create participatory workshops with people of different occupations, age, gender and social position, with knowledge of the fishery.
  2. Conduct an in-depth reflection and diagnosis of women's participation in the fisheries and in the community.
  3. Map the gender composition of the value network at each stage (pre-production, production, post-production, and activities complementary to production), including direct, indirect, paid and unpaid work.
  1. To achieve an inclusive environment it is necessary to understand the fishery as a system, taking into account the norms and values of society, the roles played at each stage of the value network, and the paid and unpaid jobs.
  2. Recognize that cultural and gender divisions throughout the history of the fishery have kept women less involved in terms of voice and vote within fishery organizations, and this keeps them away from being able to occupy leadership positions.
  3. Emphasizing how gender equality contributes to fishery improvement projects and to the sustainability of fisheries increases the likelihood that fishing communities will adopt a gender perspective in their projects.
  4. Women have a greater contribution in pre- and post-production links as well as in complementary activities (e.g., biological monitoring), providing available information for resource management decision-making.
Institutional (and financial) capacity for co-management of a MPA

The Toledo Institute for Development and Environment was established in 1997 by local communities in southern Belize to combat illegal fishing and harvesting of the West Indian Manatee. The organization aims to strengthen natural resource management and community stewardship within the Toledo landscape and seascape by supporting biodiversity and communities, whilst contributing to national sustainable development goals. 

 

Over the years, TIDE has successfully managed three protected areas, including the Port Honduras Marine Reserve. TIDE has continually demonstrated its capacity to effectively manage protected areas and in October 2022 its institutional knowledge enabled the NGO to add Cayman Crown to its portfolio as its fourth co-managed area in southern Belize.

  • TIDE has over 20 years of experience in the co-management of protected areas, including the Port Honduras Marine Reserve.

 

  • The NGO has a proven track record in successful fundraising for the management of protected areas. For example, TIDE had secured funding for an enforcement team to oversee management of Cayman Crown prior to obtaining co-management.

 

  • Adequate infrastructure at the field station to house the enforcement team and meet subsistence needs. This also showed commitment on behalf of TIDE to MBECA for long-term management of the site.

Having the proven experience and institutional knowledge in the field facilitated TIDE reaching to an agreement with the relevant government agencies for co-management of Cayman Crown. Likewise, having funding available to implement activities.

Strengthening partnerships to enhance management

A change in government administration in November 2020, brought the establishment of the Ministry of Blue Economy and Civil Aviation and a change in the National Co-Management Framework for Marine Protected Areas. The creation of the framework has been ongoing since 2020 and has delayed TIDE's application as co-manager of Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve. With funding commitments to conduct enforcement at the reserve, the delayed designation of TIDE as co-manager of the MPA meant a delay in effective management of the Cayman Crown reef.

 

With a limited timeframe for implementation, TIDE, MBECA and BFD signed an memorandum of understanding (MOU) for TIDE to co-manage Cayman Crown and two established FSA sites within SCMR. This required continuous communication among the entities that resulted in a mutual agreement valid for one year. A rollout of the National Co-Management Framework is expected for 2023. In the interim, Cayman Crown, a highly biodiverse reef found lying between the maritime borders of Belize and Guatemala, is being effectively managed through the strengthening of partnerships.

  • Willingness on the part of the Ministry of Blue Economy and Civil Aviation, Belize Fisheries Department, and TIDE to come to an agreement for co-management of the Cayman Crown.

 

  • Continuous communication among all entities involved during the process, especially in the development of the memorandum of understanding.

Continuous and open communication with government authorities is necessary improved collaboration and achievement of common goals, especially for the conservation of natural resources. 

Sustainable alternative livelihood

In order to manage parks sustainably, access to traditional resources is frequently restricted or changed. Such impacts must be reduced since local residents and resource users must directly or indirectly benefit from the MPA and be fully included in the solution. To steer local stakeholders away from the ongoing overexploitation of their mangrove and fishery resources, the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative revenue creation was created. Apiculture was chosen to demonstrate that income can be generated from mangroves and other plants without destroying them and losing their ecological benefits. This activity has strengthened the two fishing associations and illustrated that they can cooperate to execute activities outside of their "normal" operations, the members stand to gain from it.

  • Strengthening the existing beekeeping cooperative
  • Training beneficiaries in honey harvesting techniques and business management
  • Women (fishermen's wives) were more engaged than the actual fishermen who were busy spending long hours in the sea.