Planning phase | PANORAMA

Collaboration of authorities with international experts

Director of Egyptian Nature Conservation Sector, upon prompting by the tourist international community and local authorities, engaged to address the issue, seeking international expert advice. The decision was made to intervene and gather expertise; initial contacts and discussion with experts was expeditiously completed. Expert visits were organised, to facilitate the best possible understanding of underlying conditions and constraints to intervene and gather expertise; Initial contacts and discussion with experts is completed.

Opportunity provided for meeting and discussions with IUCN expert at World Park Congress in Durban, South Africa, September 2003

Expertise often cannot be found locally. International expert organisations such as IUCN can supply useful advice.

Planning phase

Local

National

Creating media and popular momentum

Collection and publication of scientific discoveries on the ecological importance of the Ligurian Sea and the unusual level of cetacean mortality attributable to driftnet fishing; engagement of the media; circulation of a petition to the Italian Government to stop driftnet fishing in the area with the collection of large number of signatures.

Onset of ecological field research in Italy and France in the mid-1980s promoted by scientific and advocacy NGOs; onset of a volunteer-based cetacean stranding monitoring network which revealed the extent of cetacean mortality; attention of the general public to marine mammal conservation in the 1980s; availability of the media to cover the story.

Press can help create momentum at governmental level.

Planning phase

Inception phase

Multi-national

Capacity-building of local people in agroforestry

Rehabilitation of coastal areas through agroforestry reforestation

Gervais Munyororo Yade

Embers production from trees planted by the project - modern carbonization technique

Gervais Munyororo Yade

Formation on chicken breeding techniques

Gervais Munyororo Yade

Agricultural technicians formed the population in the sustainable use of land, tree planting, charcoal production and crop management.

Only available in French. To read this section in French, please download the document "Blue Solution Template in French: ‘Réhabilitation des espaces côtiers par le reboisement agro forestier” from the bottom of this page, under 'Resources'.

Blue Solution Template in French: ‘Réhabilitation des espaces côtiers par le reboisement agro forestier'

Rehabilitation of the banks of the mouth of Lake Togo

Structure built in the ocean to protect the city of Aného.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Bank of the lagoon and rehabilitated road.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Southern embankment in the city of Aného. The stabilized bank enables the resumption of fishing activities.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Embankment in the city of Aného.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Phosphate mud in Kpémé.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Primary school threatened by erosion in the village of Agbodrafo.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Beach erosion before construction work.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Abandoned house in the city of Aného.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Several abandoned houses in an area subject to erosion.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Proposition for a protection plan.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Resource extraction.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Unprotected sectors in Baguida.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Rehabilitated mangroves.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Reinforcement of embankments of the mouth of Lake Togo: construction of a rocky structure, paving of the street and creation of a parking area.

Only available in French. To read this section in French, please download the document "Blue Solution Template in French: ‘Contribution à l’amélioration de la résilience à l‘érosion côtière au Togo’” from the bottom of this page, under 'Resources'.

Planning phase

Implementation

Documentation and dissemination of results

Local

Subnational

National

Blue Solution Template in French: ‘Contribution à l’amélioration de la résilience à l‘érosion côtière au Togo’

Use of Information and Communication Technologies

Awareness-raising activity on the beach on the themes of erosion.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

Coastal seascape model in Togo.

Pessièzoum Adjoussi

A vulnerability map was compiled after performing a field survey with use of Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies. This has allowed to identify the areas most vulnerable to erosion.

Planning phase

Implementation

Documentation and dissemination of results

Local

Blue Solution Template in French: ‘Contribution à l’amélioration de la résilience à l‘érosion côtière au Togo’

Participatory research and planning through a systemic and prospective sustainability analysis

Open Standards Planification

Planification participative Pêcheurs Mar Chica

Goal

In order to engage the artisanal fishermen in natural resource conservation, the analysis carried out has included sociocultural, economic and ecological topics. The goal was to fill the lack of data to allow all the stakeholders to realize the initial decrease in biodiversity and the solutions brought by the project.

Process

The participatory approach used by this study has allowed for all the stakeholders to accept the results.

The study was carried out in accordance with a systemic approach including several components:

Scientific: “Sociocultural, economic, ecological indicators”
Participatory: the study has not only involved the project holder, but also the stakeholders
Prospective: the study has allowed to identify “current, potential and alternative scenarios”

The systemic analysis has led to an integrated action program for the sustainable management of the artisanal fisheries sector within the National Park’s marine area.

Artisanal fishery represents one of the main economic activities in the region. As a sideline, it also improves farmers’ quality of life along the Mediterranean coastline.
The main constraints to the artisanal fisheries’ economic growth have negative impacts on product quality, due to the lack of landing infrastructure and commercialization.
The flotilla’s fragmentation and isolation, which the fishmongers take advantage of, does not allow the fishermen to work under satisfying conditions.

It is necessary to minimize the growth constraints on artisanal fisheries confined to the National Park’s fishing grounds. The reinforcement of fishing gear and equipment has to serve as a motivation for fishermen to stick to our integrated management plan.

Defining the artisanal fisheries sector remains an essential step in the process of implementing a commercial organization plan, which has to be subjected to future project propositions.

In the sociocultural plan, the fishing villages are confronted with a high rate of analphabetism. The fear of losing their jobs, translates itself to the high frequency of poaching, the use of dynamite or chemicals and illegal fishing.

It would be desirable to define a new zoning plan for the National Park’ marine area, which responds to the ecological conservation concerns and not only to those of fisheries resources. This would guarantee a sustainable development for a future approach of monitoring and participatory evaluation.

Recherche et planification participative du secteur de la pêche artisanale à tr…

Community management of no-take areas within the MPAs

Chalutier 1 au coeur de la Zone Intégrale du PNAH

To be added

Carte de Zonage de proposition de No Go Zone

Goal

The artisanal fishermen of three cooperatives are trained and involved in the resource management plan in the National Park’s marine area.

Process

Organization of 2 x (3) training sessions on participatory planning as a resource management tool in the National Park’s marine area.

Proposal of no-take zones or Fisheries Reserved Areas (FRAs) within the National Park’s marine area.

A monitoring report for the captures within the National Park’s marine area are being prepared in a collaborative manner by the fishermen who provided the data and the team of AGIR who wrote the report, which served to evaluate the project’s benefits.

The establishment of a climate of trust between communities as well as state and institution partners, prior to the actual project launch
The validation of no-take zones or FRAs by the fishermen and the respective authorities
The monitoring report of fishery product captures in the National Park’s marine area has to be communicated to the AGIR fishermen by the experts in order to evaluate the project’s benefits.

The activities (weekly monitoring field trips and participatory species caretaking) prepared in collaboration with the administration, has allowed an increase in fishing resources of 30 %
The involvement of local and national stakeholders in the restauration of biotopes and species has allowed a restauration ranging from 20 to 30 % according to the species and the ecosystems
The choice of no-take zones has been made by the fishermen to tackle illegal fishing. The no-take zones correspond to the marine areas close to the cliffs affected by poaching and dynamite fishing.
It is necessary that the workshops take the fishermen’s schedule into account (during bad weather periods or breaks)
It is necessary that at least 60 % of the artisanal fishermen support the no-take zones.

Stakeholder involvement in the management of marine areas

Pecheurs Cala Iris PNAH

Implication des Pecheurs dans le Suivi des Balbuzards

Femmelle Balbu au Nid

Goals

Improving the knowledge about threatened species by conducting targeted research and monitoring.
Involving local communities in the management of coastal and marine resources, biotopes, and threatened populations.

Process

A workshop was organized to launch the project and to establish a climate of trust between the stakeholders. At least 50 representatives of the Gendarmerie, the Maritime Fisheries Department of the High Commissariat for Water and Forests and Desertification, the local fishing communities and the NGO AGIR joined the participatory workshop.

A multiparty caretaking committee was elected to involve all stakeholders. The committee is presided by the Governor of Al Hoceima Province.

The AGIR team and the fishermen are equipped to participate in a study of monitoring and participatory evaluation regarding the conservation state of resources and habitat. Monitoring of threatened flagship species is led in coordination with the relevant authorities.

Weekly field trips were organized for the monitoring of the surveillance and control program of illegal activities within the MPA.

A scientific report reflects on the new conservation state (habitat restauration, threatened species, and marine resources).

The establishment of a climate of trust between communities as well as state and institution partners, prior to the actual project launch
Mastering adaptive management methods and the participatory education of a great number of artisanal fishermen
The organization of participatory workshops to identify and correct the threats that put pressure on the entire ecosystem

The weekly monitoring and participatory caretaking field trips must be prepared in consultation with the administration
In order to involve the local population, at least twenty participants, among them artisanal fishermen from the cooperatives, are being supported and educated. This education aims to give them the means to contribute to the monitoring and participatory evaluation studies regarding the conservation status of resources and habitats and the monitoring of threatened flagship species.
It is necessary that the workshops take the fishermen’s schedule into consideration (during bad weather periods or breaks)
At least 30 % of the local population has to be affected by the sensitization campaign on the protection of flagship species in the MPA. This campaign, carried out during the first year of the project, has to be supported by the participation of local and national media.

Blue Solution Template in French: ‘Gestion durable des ressources marines du Maroc’

Good Practice Handbook for Mediterraneen Fisheries-MPAs (in French) June 2015

Identifying salient beliefs of target audience

The driving beliefs that impact behavior in any region must first be identified before these salient beliefs can be targeted. These salient beliefs can vary between different geographic regions and/or different target audiences (tourists, residents, citizens, geographic origins, life styles etc..). If these salient beliefs are not adequately researched, any interpretive efforts delivered would have the result of searching for a needle in a haystack, as all interpretive messages will be based on targeting these salient beliefs. In this instance the salient beliefs of the snorkeling clients were identified, and more specifically, the beliefs they held towards “not contacting the reef substrate”. Structured interviews exploring their descriptive norms, normative norms, control beliefs and attitudes were conducted to identify their salient beliefs. Results of these interviews will distinguish between compliers and non-compliers and hence the salient beliefs for any particular behavior can be identified. Once these salient beliefs were identified, interpretive messages were created focusing on these salient beliefs.

A willing snorkel audience to partake in the interviews is essential to gather the necessary information. In my experience if the interview is not too long (more than 5 minutes) than most people will be willing to assist. The interview in question consists of 8 questions that are answered in freelisting style and should not take more than 5 minutes per person.

Having clear, concise and similar (for al the interviews) wording in the interviews is essential. Avoid double negatives and refer to a specific behavior that needs to be influenced. The more general the behavior is, the less likely the salient beliefs will be identified.

Planning phase

Local

Promoting persuasion in Protected Areas

Thematic interpretation

TORE model

Peer-to-peer learning exchange

Fishers from target communities visit other communities already implementing temporary fishery closures or other marine management strategies. By learning directly from the real experiences of fishers from similar backgrounds to themselves, target communities realise that this is something that they can adapt to their own contexts. Experienced communities often recount not only the benefits but also the challenges that they have faced in implementing community management and thus allow new communities to prepare for, or even avoid these challenges themselves.

- Funding to support a fisher-fisher exchange - An initial management interest in the visiting/target community - Key fishers representatives / respected spokespeople from visiting communities to lead discussions in their home communities - An honest and supportive hosting community with relevant experience - Planned follow up after the exchange

Follow up after a peer exchange trip is crucial. The supporting organization must ensure that participants have understood key messages from the host community, synthesized what they’ve learned and are comfortable leading discussions in their home communities. Participants in the exchange trip should be community members who are legitimate in the eyes of fishers (i.e. fishers themselves) and respected. It is also helpful to have participants who are known as being sceptical and asking difficult questions –these types of people will often be the hardest to convince and the first to oppose the establishment of a closure, so having them in support of the closure from the start is a big advantage.

Divided by sea, united by vision

Crossing the ocean for marine conservation