FORM A REVIEW TEAM

Once formed, a review team will lead the analysis of the project and the potential integration of the One Health approach. It is key to initiate a discussion across sectors, identify opportunities of collaboration among stakeholders, and enable the co-design of One Health components that align with and push the project goals towards a holistic approach to the biodiversity-health nexus. The review team is multidisciplinary and should be made up of all the project owners, including institutional and development partners.

  • Multidisciplinary composition of the review team, including experts from different sectors (e.g., conservation, animal health, human health, education, social science)
  • Transdisciplinary composition of the review team, including experts from different levels of intervention and with different roles (e.g., researchers, policymakers, service providers, community members)

External assessors can greatly contribute and amplify the outcomes of the project analysis at the biodiversity-health nexus. They can guide the project team through the analysis process providing a fresh and independent perspective to the project analysis. External assessors should have some sort of experience in multisectoral collaborations and One Health to guide the review team in the project analysis and identification of opportunities to integrate a more holistic approach. 

Improve water access and maximize social benefits

The design and implementation of the flood canal take into consideration different levels of water.

 

During periods of relatively low water levels (below the 5-yr level), the canal resembles a natural stream. A small flow of water runs through gravel and stones, passes over a weir, scatters in shallow areas, and eventually disappears among wetland plants. This scenic stream continues even on non-rainy days through the use of stored rainwater.

 

At the 30-year level, the canal serves as a boundary for different types of plants. Above this level, groups of trees and shrubs are planted, while below it, various species of Miscanthus are cultivated. These plants are well-suited to fluctuating water levels and protect against the force of large flood flows.

 

At the 50-year level, all pathways in the park are elevated above the flood level, ensuring that they remain accessible and cannot be submerged. Along the canal, various amenities are strategically placed to cater to the well-being, comfort, and enjoyment of the citizens. This includes gym facilities, a basketball court, a playground, and shaded seating areas.

 

Overall, the flood canal area is designed to provide a pleasurable experience for visitors, offering a sense of tranquility, recreational opportunities, and a connection with nature.

Flood engineers and landscape architects understand that design encompasses much more than mere decoration. They collaborate to create functional and aesthetically pleasing spaces that consider both the practical aspects of flood control and the overall visual and experiential qualities of the environment.

Studying nature is indeed a valuable approach when creating landscapes. Drawing inspiration from natural ecosystems can help landscape architects design spaces that are harmonious with the surrounding environment and promote ecological balance.  We found Nature-based Solutions and Sponge City are both very useful in the design.

Partnerships with local partners

Partnerships with the provincial Taskforce, which oversaw the project's activities in general, and the provincial Agriculture Extension Center and Farmers’ Union helped achieve the expected results despite travel restrictions owing to COVID-19.

 

Partnerships with these local partners also led to the later integration of the project’s interventions into provincial partner’s programmes.

* Engagement with all levels of government in the province, specifically, at the project's sites, was critically important to establish the partnerships

* Endorsement of the project at national level was critical to ensure provincial and local buy-in

* Widespread availability of smartphones and access to network and desktop computers was vital to ensuring progress even during the pandemic's travel restrictions

* Building strong partnerships is a risk-reduction strategy, as shown during the pandemic wherein local partners were able to conduct many activities with guidance remotely by expert staff

 

Wildlife surveillance for One Health intelligence

Financing support for multi-sector surveillance of zoonotic diseases in wildlife and along wildlife trade chains is essential to improve understanding of pathogen diversity, disease dynamics and potential risks posed by wildlife trade, to support evidence-based decision making, monitor emerging pathogens and support targeted future surveillance and mitigation investments

Long-term financial support for sustained wildlife surveillance: in the field, in the laboratory and for associated data analysis to inform decision-makers and support reporting through One Health coordination platforms 

It is a challenge to secure funding for longer than the typical short cycles associated with government priorities to really make a difference in capacity and system building. Wildlife and environment sectors typically receive less funding and attention compared with livestock and human health, despite their clear linkages to both and increasing risks of emerging diseases of wildlife origin. 

 

Building long-term, multi-sectoral, trans-disciplinary partnerships and capacities

Building long-term partnerships and capacity for multi-sector surveillance of zoonotic diseases along wildlife trade chains promotes and supports effective One Health collaboration from the spillover frontlines to national and international policy makers, and improved understanding of pathogen diversity, disease dynamics and potential risks posed by wildlife trade. Platforms for regular multi-sector discussion between animal health, environment, enforcement, and human health sectors, as well as with and amongst international and multi-lateral partners, is essential for open discourse and sharing of information on the risks, challenges and opportunities for pandemic prevention. This is critical to improve cross- sectoral trust, understanding, communication and coordination to increase opportunities for effective legislative change and cultural shifts.

Openness of host governments to coordination between environment, law enforcement, animal health and human health sectors and investment of time and personnel from those sectors in wildlife surveillance for One Health intelligence; patience; funding; One Health coordination platforms

Trans-sectoral coordination and support from the government is essential from the beginning to ensure effective surveillance for diseases of zoonotic origin along wildlife trade chains and to promote understanding and sharing of findings. Openness of national governments to make science-based policy changes to reduce health risks posed by wildlife trade is essential for meaningful, long-term impact. 

Monitoring + Evaluation

Given the lack of experience and the high need for learning and improving the solution, M+E is key. Starting in the nursery how the different seedlings develop, then after planting and in regular intervals. this allows improving the design, to determine the need for soil improvement, suitability of individual species on respective sites and many other aspects - including upscaling to other areas and countries with similar needs and circumstances.

- Capable institutions and link / partnerships to scientific organizations and individuals

- Local ownership and dedication, also beyond the project's lifetime

- a sound and realistic monitoring system from the outset

M+E needs to focus and should be carried out by knowledgeable and dedicated individuals and organizations. It should also involve the local landowners and their traditional knowledge

Huge storage capacity for the Sunbox

In order to limit the handling of the collected bottles as much as possible, we have integrated a double compaction system in the Sunbox with contaienr beetween 11 to 20 cubic meter.

It's important to adjust the compaction power correctly according to the recyclable elements collected and to place the sensors in an efficient way to automate the compaction cycles.

In view of the large collection of bottles, some of which are colored, we are thinking about a solution to split the storage box into 2 parts to have 2 different flows of plastic. On the right of transparent plastic and on the left colored plastic.

Implementación de estrategias para fortalecer la conservación y la salud de vicuñas y de su hábitat

A partir de la coordinación multisectorial, las comunidades realizan el registro de sarna durante los censos poblacionales y en las capturas para esquila y liberación, en formularios oficiales de la autoridad en biodiversidad nacional. Se espera que el área protegida implemente el uso de indicadores ecológicos y epidemiológicos para la mejor toma de decisiones de conservación. Los ganaderos locales reciben capacitaciones en manejo sanitario y productivo de alpacas coadyuvando a mejorar la salud del ganado y a disminuir el potencial de transmisión de enfermedades. Finalmente, a través del Grupo Interinstitucional de Trabajo en “Oro Responsable” se realizan escuelas de campo piloto para aplicar las mejores prácticas, técnicas sociales y ambientales disponibles, que permitan mitigar el impacto de la minería aurífera en las comunidades.

- Se desarrollaron participativamente con las comunidades locales y autoridades cinco instrumentos técnicos para la gestión y toma de decisiones por la Asociación de Comunidades manejadoras de Vicuñas de Apolobamba, el área protegida de Apolobamba.

- Se realizaron acuerdos de buena voluntad entre mineros auríferos locales, comunidades manejadoras de vicuñas, autoridades originarias y el área protegida, para la conservación de las vicuñas y del hábitat. Esto debido al impacto de la minería sobre los bofedales y pastizales y por el uso de mercurio.

- Los instrumentos desarrollados en conjunto con las comunidades locales y la ACOFIVB les permiten realizar una mejor gestión de sus actividades y en conjunto con el área protegida de Apolobamba y también son de utilidad para las demás asociaciones manejadoras de vicuñas en Bolivia.

- Aunque se ha involucrado a cooperativas mineras legales en la conservación de la especie y de su hábitat, existen otras numerosas actividades mineras ilegales que representan un nuevo reto para la gestión del área protegida y de las comunidades locales para la conservación y la salud de las vicuñas y otros animales silvestres, de los animales domésticos, de los humanos y del paisaje en su conjunto.

Desarrollo de capacidades en bienestar animal, bioseguridad y obtención de fibra de mayor calidad

Se capacitaron a las comunidades manejadoras de vicuñas y guardaparques durante las campañas de captura (aprovechamiento de la fibra) y liberación de vicuñas silvestres. Los temas abordados incluyen: procedimientos adecuados de bienestar animal y bioseguridad para prevenir la transmisión de sarna, entre animales, y por instrumentos y accesorios de trabajo; bioseguridad frente al Covid-19 para prevenir la transmisión entre personas y de personas a animales silvestres capturados. Asimismo, se realizaron capacitaciones en esquila mecánica y predescerdado de la fibra, en ambos casos, para incrementar la calidad de la fibra de vicuñas obtenida durante las capturas y proporcionar un mayor valor agregado a la misma, ampliando los beneficios para la comunidad.

- Se tiene apoyo de las comunidades manejadoras de vicuñas de Apolobamba y del área protegida de Apolobamba.

- Se cuenta con un equipo técnico experimentado de veterinarios e ingenieros zootecnistas y agrónomos para el desarrollo de estudios, capacitaciones y gestiones con los actores locales y nacionales.

El trabajo conjunto y complementario del equipo técnico de WCS y de la ACOFIVB con las comunidades locales y con el área protegida de Apolobamba han generado capacitaciones con una visión de Una sola Salud, capacitaciones que fueron favorables para que las comunidades locales identifiquen que la conservación y manejo de las vicuñas también involucra el cuidado de la salud de especies animales silvestres, domésticas y de las personas, a la vez que obtienen fibra de mejor calidad y reciben mejores ingresos económicos.

Evaluation of the first results by the local community

After three months, construction workers from the community went into the field to see if results were visible and to evaluate them. First results were clearly observable. Seedling settlement and growth have taken place in proximity to the channel outlets – indicating the functionality of the excavated water channels and the entire restoration method. Hydrological conditions were also clearly improved; the hard and dry-crusted soil surface of the degraded areas visibly changed to a softer and muddier layer, allowing many animal and insect species to return. For example, many little sand piles dug by crabs (e.g., mud crabs - Scylla serrata) could be found after three months.

To ensure the success of the restoration, it is crucial to have a community-based protection system in place, so that no Zebu herds can enter and harm the restoration site or that illegal logging takes place. 

Regular monitoring of the functionality of the channel system is crucial, especially of the channel outlets, so that the propagules can reach the restoration sites. Collapsed channels make the transportation of propagules impossible.

 

The local community with their motivation are the success of the monitoring!