Subnational | PANORAMA

Expert elicitation workshop

The actual expert elicitation assessment is carried out during a workshop or series of workshops, attended by appointed marine experts in the field of marine environmental or socio-economic sciences. The experts collaborate and discuss the status and trends on the different parameters for the marine assessment and come to a consensus score. The scores are recorded during the workshop and entered into the SOME website. Notes are taken by a rapporteur on the discussion and the details of relevant reports, papers or other documents are recorded . The interaction and discussions during the workshop should allow the editorial board to identify potential authors to participate in the subsequent report-writing phase of the process.

A minimum of 20 experts, with at least 5 for each key discipline areas (fisheries and biology, physical sciences and socioeconomics).

A minimum of 3 full workshop days.

Internet access

The workshop allows

Documentation and dissemination of results

SOME website

GRID-Arendal

Example of summary table on the state of marine habitats in the SOME website

GRID-Arendal

GRID-Arendal has created a pilot, web-based system to capture, analyse and display state of the marine environment assessment results: http://some.grida.no. The website allows for the real-time capture and display of data (scores for parameters, confidence, risks) during the workshop and provides an online template for the production of a State of Marine Environment Report. The content and graphics can be exported and used as the basis for a national or regional SOME report or the contents can be adapted for use within other formats as required. The database allows direct correlation to the outline of the World Ocean Assessment, thereby permitting cross-referencing and combining outcomes of the assessment to optimize it as a contribution to the international effort. Another key aspect is that the diagrams and outputs that are produced by the web site are designed for easy communication of the workshop results to policy- and decision-makers. The diagrams are simple, jargon-free and clearly communicate the main findings of the judgments made by the experts.

The system is used at the expert elicitation workshop.

The web-tool

Monitoring

Documentation and dissemination of results

Southeast Asia

Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) for improved protected area management in Vietnam

Nguyen

Quang

Organizational Development and Capacity-building

There are several critical organizations within the community that need to be developed or strengthened. The campaign must ensure that the fishery councils, the management bodies, and the fisher associations are organized and well-functioning. They are trained on topics like Adaptive Fisheries Management, Management Essentials, Volunteer Management, and Team Building.

Openness for cooperation and learning.

The functioning and support of fishery councils, the management bodies and the fisher associations is necessary for the success of the fish forever campaign.

Implementation

Local

Subnational

Community Engagement & Behavior Change

The campaign team at each municipality uses a mix of creative materials and community mobilization activities to inspire and educate fishers and their families about the benefits of working together to manage their fisheries better. In the ‘Readiness’ phase, the messages are focused on getting the fishers to become registered fishers, comply with basic fishing laws, and participate in meetings. In the second phase after the managed access areas are legalized, the messages focus on building compliance for the rules of the MAA+S and continued monitoring of their catch.

Strong sense of place and identity among fishers on the island; Active support of municipal and village leaders; Motivated and efficient staff.

Many commonalities exist between sites, so the campaign was able to use materials adopted from the other municipalities that have also pushed for basic fisheries management. Local adaptation, especially of mobilization activities, helped to make the campaigns more site-specific and ‘ownable’ by the community.

Implementation

Local

Subnational

Participatory Managed Access Design & Implementation

Using the data from profiling, fishers and community leaders are engaged in a series of workshops that guides them through a) defining their community goals for fisheries and conservation, b) zoning and marking off their municipal waters, c) evaluating their reserves, d) delineating areas for managed access, and e) agreeing on the rules within their managed access areas. When these have been agreed on, they are codified in policy and institutional arrangements for ongoing implementation.

Buy-in of the mayor and local legislative council helped drive process in communities, and previously designated management areas served as starting points for further spatial planning.

Inputs from first stage were critical for building trust for this stage. It was important that all discussions and agreements during the workshops would be shared with communities in feedback and consultation sessions before proceeding to the next stage of the design process.

Implementation

Local

Subnational

Understanding People and Context

Qualitative and quantitative research is conducted to produce profiles of both the fisheries and the fishers, so that current fishing grounds, gears and practices are documented. Current knowledge, attitudes and sources of information are also measured.

Participatry processes ensured that community validated the information and accepted it as a basis for future decisions • A partner academic institution provided technical expertise and credibility with the community. • Previous projects in the area also yielded valuable scientific information.

The amount of time needed to educate the fishers and the community on basic coastal resource and fisheries management should not be underestimated. Multiple listening sessions and discussions are important to build understanding and support.

Southeast Asia

Fish Forever in the Philippines: Campaign for managed access and sanctuaries

Veera

Mitzner

Understanding People and Context

Participatory Managed Access Design & Implementation

Community Engagement & Behavior Change

Organizational Development and Capacity-building

Financial literacy and resiliency

Upscaling of the model

AFC scaled up a model for communities to participate in protected area management developed with GIZ between 2013-2016 in the Hin Nam No NPA. AFC supported three civil society organizations to implement the model elsewhere, including through co-management training modules, national-level awareness raising, exchange visits to Hin Nam No, local capacity building and policy advocacy. There are now 21 officially approved village co-management agreements, covering 204,747 ha of village forests.

Previous experience of AFC in governance of protected areas enabled the development of the Hin Nam No model and the upscaling elsewhere. AFC is local based and works widespread in Laos which enabled the upscaling beyond the often short life span of a project.

Shared governance models take a long time to be developed and need continous support that often goes beyond the lifespan of a project. Therefore it is important for short-term projects to work from the start with local-based organisations to jointly develop models, implement them, and document the lessons learned. In this way the upscaling of so-called pilot projects of international organisations can be secured which is otherwise not possible within the lifespan of the project.

Entirety

Subnational

National

Upscaling

Capitalising on best practices of similar projects

At the start of the BKP Project, 13 biodiversity conservation and natural resource management projects implemented in the mountain valleys of Northern Pakistan were analysed for their lessons and best practices. Successful practices included: developing biodiversity strategies and action plans at the sub-national level, raising private forest and fruit nurseries, joint forest management, sport hunting, district coordination mechanisms, resource conservation plans, extension cadres for livestock and agriculture, students’ engagement, village conservation funds, community exchanges, land development infrastructure (irrigation channels, protective walls), and collection and post-harvest processing of medicinal and aromatic plant species. The results were documented in a detailed report.

• Existence and availability of documented best-practices • Proper orientation and mobilization of the relevant stakeholders on the best practices • Coordination among the stakeholders through a responsive and dynamic steering mechanism • Community involvement from the planning phase

• With the exception of very few, lessons learnt and best practices are hardly incorporated in the government formal development agenda for future replication. Integration into government policies and funding-decisions are urgently required. • The best practices report emphasises the necessity of capacity-building for local communities. The traditional top-bottom approach of delivering service through the government and NGOs has proven little effective in addressing the problems at the grass root level. A radical shift from resource-focused interventions towards a community-centred approach for local capacity-building, to address the problems at the local level, is needed to improve local ownership to address development challenges themselves. • Knowing in advance the pitfalls experienced by other projects helped BKP dealing with such problems.

Planning phase

Subnational