Monitoring nature mixing people and cultures.

One of the most important recipe for the success of the deer census is that each couple of operators has to be composed of people from different categories: beginners with experts, hunters with animal activists, rangers with students, people from different regions, etc. 

Every night the couples composition is different, so all the participants have the opportunity to meet different people and different areas of the National Park. 

Also the social and scientific events are organized to emphasize the occasions of experience exchange between all different kinds of participants. 

 

The entire organization is focused on mixing participants of different categories as an important rule for the succes of the project. 

The registration and logistics organization software created and managed by the Park agency do not allow the participants to express rigid preferences on accomodation and on pairing with specific persons during the official activities.

All participants are being informed why these rules are so important.

 

 

 

Combining people of different categories is an important rule for this monitoring activity, mainly for three reasons:

  1. operators of the same category could have an interest in altering the data on the censed number of deer: if hunters declare more deer they could be called to reduce that number; for the same reason animal activists could have the interest in declaring a reduced number.
  2. in the past, it happened that couples of operators of the same category (expecially hunters, that are obliged to partecipate to have the hunting permission) decided to rest in the forest instead of counting deer in a proper way. Mixed couples are controlling each others.
  3. mixed couples are the best opportunity to exchange experiences and to break down cultural barriers.
To create a model of integrated development of the scenic and the urban areas and raise local communities’ living standards

In order to reduce the pressures on the environmental capacity of Changbai Mountain Scenic Area, a total of RMB6 billion has been invested since 2010 to build 32 new scenic sites and 10 squares at and near Er’dao Baihe Town, a town neighbouring the northern part of Changbai Mountain Scenic Area.  In 2019, Er’dao Baihe Town was rated as an AAAA Scenic Area, one of the national exemplary areas for integrated tourism, and accredited as an international Cittaslow town by Cittaslow International.  Er’dao Baihe Town has become an open and free-of-charge scenic area and aims to offer high standard services for tourism, leisure and recreation.  While providing high-quality and well-managed leisure space for local residents, it also help stimulate the development of accommodation and catering businesses in Changbai Mountain’s neighbouring communities.  A new development model of sharing and co-building that serves tourists and brings happiness to local residents is hence achieved.  

1. Thorough data analysis was conducted on recent years’ tourism in Changbai Mountain and the ecological carrying capacity of Changbai Scenic Area is hence determined based on science.

 2. A scientific and sound tourism plan was formulated based on statistics.  3. Secured sufficient funding ensured the implementation of the planned projects.

 Special attention should be given to localisation during the urbanisation process of the scenic area.  Native ecology should still be the underpinning foundation and preserved as most as possible.  The emphasis should be put on maintaining and highlighting local distinctive features instead of the sheer scale of urban development.  It should be avoided that the authenticity of local landscapes or characteristics are destroyed only to copy a model of other places or cities.  

Science popularization and education

Using the websites, WeChat Public Account, Newspapers, Popular Science Books, Popular Science Videos, Documentaries, News Coverage, Warning Signs, Field Education Sites, AR Hanma Exhibition Room, Ecological and Cultural Museum, Pamphlets, Summer Camps, Eco-Forums, Publicity campaigns in schools and communities, Eco-education and field studies base, etc., publicity and education are carried out to the public. This makes the public understand the importance of protecting moose population and improve the public awareness of ecological protection.

Professional and easy to understand publicity materials

A popular way of publicity

Application of new media

Application of new technology

Prepare different publicity materials for different target groups and adopt different publicity methods so that they can understand and accept the ideas you want to express.

Data recovery and identification

    The Administration Bureau arranges the office workers to identify, classify and input data according to the staff, human activity information, and animal resource information. The office workers distinguish the photos of the human activities, and determine the specific information of the personnel (community personnel or not ).

1. Recycle and appraise camera data timely in accordance with the plan.

2. Maintain equipment regularly.

3. The identification of the camera data must be unified.

4. Carry out follow-up work  immediately for discovered human activities.

5. Corresponding reward and punishment mechanisms.

1. Number the camera´s data cards uniformly to avoid data confusion.

2. Replace the malfunction cameras timely.

3. Arrange fixed staff to identify the data.

Promotion of green infrastructure using local resources

The first step of this measure was to collect information about existing water resources, as well as to explore the potential for new water bodies within the sites. Using maps, direct field observations, and community input, the project mapped different water bodies. Further, resources were prioritised on the basis of site vulnerability, extent of potential damage, possibility of groundwater recharge, risk of water-induced disaster, risk of water scarcity, and priority for the communities. After prioritization, the project used easily available local resources to rehabilitate ponds and water sources. The project staff, local government, and communities applied their knowledge (both traditional and technical) to rehabilitate ponds and water sources. The use of context-specific, locally available, and affordable materials (such as bamboo) helped to promote the sustainability of the intervention.

  • Establishing trust within local communities and between the communities and the project team
  • Communities’ active leadership and involvement in the implementation of activities is crucial for developing a sense of project ownership 
  • Use of local knowledge and resources 
  • Community labour contribution
  • Financial contribution of the project to the activities
  • Promotion of infrastructure based on the degree of vulnerability and community prioritisation
  • Community interest and participation plays a key role in the successful implementation of activities 
  • Advance planning with clear roles and responsibilities helps ensure the successful implementation of activities
  • Integrating local knowledge with scientific knowledge is more effective than applying a purely technical approach
  • It is essential that the communities’ priorities are respected and integrated into the design of the measures
  • Working with groups is more effective than working with individuals  
  • Community leadership and labour contribution in building infrastructure creates ownership and commitment within the communities
  • Using local resources to promote green infrastructure is more cost-effective, faster, and more sustainable
  • The integration of a variety of complementary activities, such as planting species that promote water recharge within the periphery of rehabilitated water infrastructure is sustainable and effective
Creating awareness and knowledge about EbA

Because Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) was a completely new concept to the stakeholders and communities, it was essential to build awareness about EbA and its potential benefits. Prior to this, the communities’ model of development was deforestation and overexploitation of plant species, which negatively impacted biodiversity. Training on EbA was first given to local partner organisations and then to community members, with a focus on how the EbA approach addresses climate change and helps communities address other issues such as income generation. After the trainings, a series of awareness-raising activities were conducted, including the publication of brochures, signboards, posters, and other materials. The objective was to demonstrate the different activities to be implemented, such as conservation of community water ponds, and their positive impacts. After creating awareness about the EbA concept and its practice, the community took a leadership role in implementing activities and was empowered to integrate their local knowledge and skills in water source and pond conservation. Technical experts supported the communities’ local knowledge with technical and scientific expertise.

  • Active participation of governing bodies, implementing agencies, local communities and other stakeholders 
  • Communication tools such as interactive maps, posters, and videos
  • Integration of local knowledge and past experience in the construction of ponds (type of materials, suitable locations, etc.) 
  • Practical demonstration of activities 
  • Promotion of citizen scientists as bridges between the project and local communities 
  • Communities leading implementation
  • Community engagement is crucial. In Panchase, the project targeted engaged community leaders, who in turn motivated other community members to participate.
  • Participation of diverse groups increases the potential for success and the equitable distribution of benefits. The project sought the participation of community forest user groups and other community groups, including mothers’ group, homestay groups, and agricultural groups.
  • The project team should have a clear understanding of the environmental, socio-economic, and political context of the area. Tourism in Panchase helped determine the intervention. Increasing the viability of homestays provided an entry point for additional measures.
  • Maintaining a good rapport with communities and stakeholders fosters trust. Both IUCN and the local NGO regularly visited the site and communities and developed a strong rapport through frequent positive interactions.
  • Local knowledge: the project used the communities’ local knowledge about pond restoration, water conservation, and water management to develop the intervention.
Protection and development: dealing with conflicts between human and land correctly and laying the foundation of sustainable development

(1) Establishing ecological corridor to strengthen important habitats connectivity

The construction of ecological corridors strengthen the connectivity between different patches in the Park, and promote the diffusion of animals and gene exchange.

(2) Expanding effective habitat area by ecological restoration

The preparation of The Special Plan for Ecological Restoration has realized comprehensive evaluation of the vegetation status and identified the main areas that need ecological restoration in the Park.

(3) Reintroducing large carnivores for a complete food chain

In the future, reintroduction of large predators to reconstruct the integrity of the food chain will improve the ecosystem stability in the Park due to the increase or surplus of herbivores.

(4) Establishing compensation methods to promote ecological migration

The compensation policy for ecological migration actively encourages the residents living in scattered villages to move to towns or counties nearby and effectively enhances the effect of ecological protection.

(5) Conservation and community development coordination

The public participation mechanism has mobilized the enthusiasm of residents in the Park, and through information sharing, employment, etc, local residents' sense of belonging and honor has been cultivated.

The culture of the natural environment is respected in the Park, such as "kill pigs and ban fishing," "kill pigs and seal mountains," "Gutian Seedling Protection Festival," and other simple environmental protection concepts and custom cultures such as Fengshui forest, famous ancient trees and other traditional forms of protection.

The construction of the national park provides favorable conditions for community residents to develop the private economy and obtain business income.

At present, the education level of most community residents in the Park is not high, about 30% of them are in junior high school or below, so cultural education and employment management of residents need to be strengthened.

Scientific research monitoring: building biodiversity monitoring system to help scientific protection and effective management

(1) Integrated Space-Air-Ground biodiversity monitoring system

Space: used satellite remote sensing image to carry out multi-temporal image remote sensing monitoring in the Park, cross-provincial cooperation area and franchise area, and used ground and near-surface remote sensing data to interpret satellite remote sensing image.

Air: used aerial photography with Lidar, CCD high-resolution camera, and hyperspectral image to obtain the near ground remote sensing image of the whole Park.

Ground: established nearly 800 forest plots and set up 507 infrared cameras to carry out grid-level monitoring, covering the whole Park.

 (2) Establishment of National Park Research Institute

To promote the construction in a scientific way, the Park will set up a National Park Research Institute, which will provide support for the scientific, accurate and intelligent construction and management of biodiversity protection in the Park.

(3) Building "Smart National Park"

By utilizing advanced technologies such as remote sensing, big data cloud computing and artificial intelligence, a big data cloud service platform for the Park has been formed. By combining mobile phone terminals with Internet technology, a comprehensive management and service platform for smart national park has been built.

The Park worked together to conduct biodiversity research, public scientific education and practice with domestic and foreign scientific research institutions (Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Aarhus University, etc), and international environmental organizations (WWF, IUCN, etc).

Ministry of Science and Technology of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang Province, and other government departments have provided rich financial support.

At present, people's understanding of the long-term dynamic process of ecosystem is quite limited. The long-term monitoring and research on the typical ecosystems in the national park will deepen people's understanding of these ecosystems, optimize and update the objectives and strategies of national park protection.

Good management: innovation of system and mechanism for realizing authenticity and integrity protection

(1) Exploring the innovation system of easement reform and the diversified land management and utilization modes

According to the actual situation of different ownership of collective land, the Park studied and formulated different management methods of forest land, farmland, homestead, and water area in the Park and explored the land use modes of diversified land management in different functional areas.

(2) Realizing ecosystem integrity protection through cooperative protection

The criterion for regional cooperation protection is to protect the authenticity, representativeness, and integrity of the ecosystem and takes into account the area suitability and management feasibility.

(3) Optimizing functional zone division and implementing differentiated management

The current functional zone division is reasonable in the Park. On this basis, it can be further optimized and improved. For example, improvement of the proportion of core reserves and implementation of differentiated management.

(4) Formulating Regulations of Qianjiangyuan National Park

To regulate all activities and to protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem, Regulations of Qianjiangyuan National Park has been preliminarily formulated according to China’s relevant laws and the Park’s actual situation.

The basis for multi-level cooperation between governments at all levels in the past.

The Forestry Department of Zhejiang Province is the leading department of easement reform.

Qianjiangyuan National Park has carried out the work of confirming the right of natural resources assets, entrusted scientific research departments to conduct the research on the mode of easement system, formulated technical standards of easement system, and formed the implementation plan and management method of easement operation at the village level.

Firstly, present confirmation of natural resource assets is mainly promoted at the national and provincial levels, and the Park is not an independent natural resource registration unit. The final results of the confirmation of natural resource assets have yet to be tested.

Secondly, there is a gap in the cognition of the national park in different regions, so differences in the demands of "rights, responsibilities and benefits" in cross-regional protection could lead to different intents of cross-provincial cooperation management.

Thirdly, there is a lack of successful experience for cross regional protection cooperation.

Develop a tool to test if young people will pay to learn conservation skills

1)      Conservation has become an increasingly popular career choice for young people all over the world. But many conservation organizations complain that young graduates don’t have the right attitude or the real-word skills. Nature Seychelles created the Conservation Boot Camp (CBC) on Cousin Island Special Reserve to test if the island could be used as a laboratory to equip young people with conservation skills, while at the same time use the fees paid as a sustainable funding mechanism for the MPA. The program was financially supported by the GEF from April 2016 to December 2019. The GEF project pays for a full time CBC Coordinator, equipment, and materials and other.  The coordinator manages the application process, and receives and integrates participants into the program.  A conservation manager leads on conservation work, while the Chief Warden manages all the logistics. The CBC is exclusive and takes a maximum of 6 persons per session and takes place the whole year. Each session lasts for 4 weeks and costs Euro 1000.00 (not including airfares and food). A 2 week program was been introduced due to demand. Nature Seychelles is a Private Training and Educational Institution under Seychelles law and a Certificate of Completion is awarded at the end of the training. 

  1. Cousin Island Special Reserve - the 50 year old conservation success story - as a laboratory to test the program.
  2. Funding to support the initial implementation and testing of the program
  3. Nature Seychelles is a certified private training institution by law
  4. Leadership and mentorship from the CE who has over 35 years conservation experience
  5. Existing human resource to support the implementation
  1. Initial funding is important as program depends on participants to fill all slots for it to be viable and sustainable. Not all slots were filled throughout the year.
  2. Having well-known successes provides credibility and helps in attracting participants.
  3. Necessary information laid out in a CBC handbook provided prior knowledge before sign up. 
  4. One size doesn’t fit all - although targeted at people interested in conservation careers, some participants had no previous or post interest in conservation.
  5. Mentorship with well-known figure helps to boost confidence and catalyse conservation careers
  6. Program not able to attract participants throughout the year. Under review to improve numbers so that it remains viable after the GEF funding ends. 
  7. The program was valuable for people from the region, in particular from Madagascar (18 participants), especially where there are not
    exposed to conservation success stories.