Piloting

In collaboration with local partners, we identified vulnerable areas and conducted a survey in Matondoni village, Lamu, where traditional cookstoves are common. The survey assessed cooking needs and methods while raising awareness about the benefits of ICS for both mangroves and human wellbeing. Two cookstoves were initially set up to gather feedback from end-users over two months on their experiences, benefits, and challenges. Following this pilot, an additional 51 cookstoves were built to inform scaling efforts in other areas of Lamu.

City renewal strategy

Three-levels of a Co-living community

By implementing a three-level urban renewal strategy of shared neighborhood, shared courtyard, and shared building, the scattered and limited spaces in the Fayuan Temple area are organized.A top-down communal living system is established to solve the difficulties of residents' relocation, outdated infrastructure, and the protection and utilization of historical buildings. 

Shared Neighborhood

We analyzed the activity paths of different groups of people in the Fayuansi neighborhoods. The clear functional division of different areas leads to lack of intersection among various groups, which invisibly forms social barriers and is not conducive to long-term development of the city.

In the shared neighborhood, the entire block is taken as a shared space and considered as a whole, with a management center as the core to lead the co-living system. By dispersing the public functions throughout the block, the daily life of the local residents in the block has been transformed into a distinctive experiential tourism product. Overlapping activities are happening in composite physical spaces, which generates continuous energy for the neighborhood.

Shared Courtyard

The current living condition inside the courtyards is barely acceptable. Illegal construction such as kitchens and bathrooms has become a common phenomenon and the importance of public spaces are severely downgraded. There is hardly any public spaces left other than basic transportation space. 

Most of the young generations have moved out. Among the remaining residents , elderly and young children are the majority as well as some short-term tenants. The continuous reduction of vitality among the neiborhood has become an attention-grabbing problem.

While improving the overall courtyard environment, priority is given to ensuring the basic living needs of residents. This project adopts a four-step (evaluation, repair, demolition, and addition) measure of courtyard renovation. As the number of vacated households increases, existing illegal buildings will be demolished and public service facilities such as shared kitchens and shared laundry rooms will be added. These facilities will be integrated with internal courtyards and public green spaces to form a pubic core for the neighborhood.

Shared House

The vacant houses in the Fayuan Temple district are all made up with "rooms" with various ownerships. Using "room" as a basic unit for renovation is an effective way to reduce the risk of conflicts regarding property ownerships, and also flexible units can better adapt to the living needs of different types of people. By analyzing the dimensions of the courtyards, a 10-12 square-meter room unit was determined as a standard renewal module. The combination of dual and multiple units enables the possibilities for various functions such as long-term apartment, youth hostel, and Café etc.

 

Development of teaching materials with involvement of stakeholders

A special feature of the training manual is that the material on pasture management, forestry and adaptation to climate change is based on the example of Kyrgyzstan, where teachers from Bishkek and Jalal-Abad have identified topics and offer a new methodology for teaching sustainability standards. 

In the frame of the project a teacher manual on Education for sustainable development and biodiversity had been developed.

The manual consists of the following 4 technical chapters each with elaborated exercises and teaching aids as well as one methodological pre-chapter:

  1. Education for sustainable development
  2. Forest
  3. Pasture
  4. Climate

The manual is designed to address gaps in the school curriculum with regard to teaching about the environment, using Kyrgyzstan as an example. "When it comes to teaching materials on the environment, they often do not address this area in relation to our country. For example, pasture and forest management systems in Kyrgyzstan.

  • Motivation of teachers
  • Strong external expert support
  • Existing profound knowledge and experience in natural resources management
  • Joint identification with teachers of themes and needs for educational materials
  • Pre-testing is highly important to develop need-based training materials

ESD chapters developers need trainings/guidance on development process to ensure that all the materials are of the same format and content.

KAP research (Knowledge, Attitude, Perception)

The start of our information campaign was preceded by a survey among the communities in the project area. We used this approach to objectively assess the attitudes and use of local people's knowledge about the state of the forest, their understanding and perception of the consequences of the current environmental situation, and their willingness to change consciousness and behaviour. First we interviewed 214 respondents in 4 rural districts to determine their level of awareness of the project's thematic areas and their preferences for the choice of information sources/channels/activities that would be effective in increasing their environmental knowledge. 

The target groups selected were: 

1. Representatives of local authorities at the rural district, village level (village administrations, forestry); 

2. Representatives of social institutions (schools, kindergartens, hospitals, first aid points);

3. Representatives of different associations and groups: religious (mosques), pasture committees, water users associations, political parties, NGOs etc; 

4. General population: dependent users of natural resources (focus on pilot communities): forest users, pasture users, product processors, etc.; women, elderly, people with disabilities.

The results of the survey showed that the level of environmental awareness and readiness to change the consciousness and behaviour of the population was below average (on a scale from 1 to 10 it was 4). The planned information campaign should have raised the level by at least 3 points. According to the results of the final KAP survey conducted among 332 residents in the two districts within the project area, the score would be 7. Thus, the level of environmental awareness was 10 points after the end of the project. 

 

The KAP baseline and final surveys were conducted in an open and friendly manner on the part of the local people who participated in the survey. Their attentiveness, careful reflection on the answers and honesty gave an objective picture of the level of public awareness and knowledge of the use and conservation of walnut forests and rangelands. Careful preparation of the study also played a big role, including the design of the questionnaire in local two languages, effective sampling of respondents, inclusion of female interviewers, taking into account local mentality and traditions, etc. This helped us to build and implement an effective information campaign in which local communities were given a central role.

During and after completing the KAP studies, it became clear to us that when interviewing local people, it was advantageous to know their mentality, life, everyday life, conditions that enable them to generate income from renting forest plots, collecting, processing, selling nuts and other forest products. The language and wording of the questionnaires were also important to people. The simpler and clearer the questions are phrased and the more accessible their language, the easier it is to get a clear and direct answer. And another important lesson lies in the behavior of the interviewers themselves, in their politeness, friendliness and willingness to explain or reformulate the question. 

Сommunity-based information campaign

In creating the information events plan, we used the edutainment principle and tried to make the events diverse and interesting for people of different statuses, occupations and ages. The main role in each event or activity was given to local people. They had to take an interest in ensuring that the condition of the walnut forests and other environmental problems in their area was addressed, not exacerbated. For example, in the third year of the March for the Parks, we saw a change in the attitude of the Dashman Nature Reserve staff towards this environmental action. The event, which some time ago was "on duty" and, in their opinion, was only our duty and responsibility, has now been seen by them as the transfer of knowledge to the younger generation and the cultivation of a caring attitude towards the forest in schoolchildren. On the day of the March of Parks, staff members of the zapovednik nature reserve donned their ceremonial Marine Wave uniforms, took schoolchildren on excursions to the forest, told them interesting facts about the flora, recalled practical cases and participated in a litter pickup on the territory of the zapovednik. Our summer school "Chyirak Zhangak" ("Strong Walnut") for high school students has become a place that is impossible to enter without a competition. During the selection rounds, we received 45-50 essays from high school students wishing to attend the summer school. We had to make difficult choices among the best of the best because of the limitation on places for participants. In other events we could often count on the active participation and support of local people. During the filming of short films, they played occasional roles for free and lent their homes as filming sites.

Sustainable Development Programs

In collaboration with the Shangri-La Group and Jinhua Grand Hotel, corporate social responsibility projects have been implemented, resulting in significant support for local industries such as Chinese honeybee farming and Cornus officinalis cultivation, with a cumulative investment of nearly 300,000 yuan. Partnering with Xi'an Pengxiang Driving School, the “Caring for Qinling Mountain Area - Education Aid and Poverty Alleviation” donation campaign has been conducted for several consecutive years, providing financial assistance to 67 university students from mountainous regions, with total donations reaching approximately 300,000 yuan.

Efforts have been made to mobilize local residents to participate in conservation activities, fostering a cooperative approach to maintaining critical habitats for key species and creating a conducive ecological environment. The reserve has hired 30 residents from surrounding communities as forest rangers, sanitation workers, and security personnel, many of whom come from impoverished households. By addressing employment needs within the community, the relationship between the reserve and the surrounding communities has been significantly strengthened.

The management authority of Shaanxi Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve actively oversees critical habitats, species, ecological processes, and cultural values within the reserve. Through transparent communication and mutual trust between local communities and/or indigenous residents and the reserve's managers, they undertake projects that enhance community welfare while conserving reserve resources. The local communities and/or indigenous residents actively support the reserve’s conservation efforts. Currently, the major components of biodiversity, ecological, and cultural values within the Zhouzhi Reserve remain well-preserved, and the development of the reserve has brought significant economic benefits to the local communities.

The biodiversity conservation experience of Shaanxi Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve underscores the necessity of extensive community involvement and support. Through education and outreach, public awareness of the importance of biodiversity is heightened, transforming community members into active participants rather than mere spectators. Effective management plans must be grounded in robust scientific foundations. The practical experience of the Zhouzhi Reserve highlights the importance of regular ecological monitoring and data collection to promptly understand the status and trends of biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation demands close cooperation among various departments and institutions, including those in environment, agriculture, forestry, and water resources. One of the key successes of the Zhouzhi Reserve has been the establishment of an effective interdepartmental collaboration mechanism, ensuring the sharing of resources and information among all parties. Additionally, by implementing ecological compensation and economic incentive measures, the reserve has successfully mobilized local farmers and communities, allowing them to gain economic benefits while contributing to biodiversity conservation.

3. Signing of agreements with the communities of the villages of Bouna and Nassian for access to the PNC as part of the worship of sacred sites.

At the end of the workshop, all the points of the model agreement were validated by the stakeholders present. The next stage of this important activity was therefore the organization of meetings with the communities of the various villages concerned in the Bouna and Nassian sectors to discuss any difficulties they might have in implementing the convention for access to the PNC for the purpose of worshipping sacred sites, followed by the signing of the convention in the villages visited.A meeting tour with the communities of each village whose representatives were present at the December 2022 consultation workshop was carried out to discuss the implementation of the convention for access to the PNC in the context of the adoration of sacred sites, and to proceed with its signature. The tour was attended by the OIPR/DZNE (the North-East Zone Director, the Project Manager, the Riparian Measures Manager, the Chiefs of the sectors and rural animators concerned) and the Biodiversity and Forests Expert from GIZ/Pro2GRN. There was a massive response from the local population, with village and land chiefs and their notabilities warmly welcoming the delegation.

The visit to each village lasted a maximum of 2h30mn, and the main activities included a welcome, installation and presentation of courtesies, a reminder of the context, objectives and rationale of the agreement, a reading and explanation of the agreement's content, the adoption and signing of the agreement by both parties, with a copy being given to each village, and discussions on other aspects of relations between the OIPR and local communities. Some twenty agreements were signed during the tour.

Pre-validation of the agreement model with the community representatives concerned during the consultation workshop and their presence during the tour facilitated exchanges and understanding of the content by all the communities, which in turn facilitated their support and the signing of the agreements by their representatives. Sites in other sectors (Tehini, Dabakala, Kong) need to be inventoried in order to sign new agreements with these villages.

2. Validation of a model agreement on access to sacred sites in the CNP with communities in the presence of local authorities.

The workshop to validate the agreement on access to the PNC as part of the worship of sacred sites was attended by a number of players, including the prefectoral authorities, GIZ, the villages bordering the Bouna and Nassian sectors, and local radio stations. This meeting required perfect coordination between the DZNE and its partner GIZ/Pro2GRN.

This phase required a preparatory phase, which involved drawing up and validating the terms of reference and the draft agreement for access to the sites. The OIPR-DZNE team presented the draft agreement to all participants. Two (2) working groups were set up to scrutinize the agreement already drawn up for comments (Suggestions and recommendations).

Each group presented the results of its discussions. The suggestions and recommendations made during the plenary sessions on the draft convention were presented and discussed.

The workshop thus enabled the model convention for access to the CNP in the context of the worship of sacred sites to be reviewed in its entirety, the opinions of the stakeholders were collected and taken into account in accordance with the management rules of the National Parks and Nature Reserves of Côte d'Ivoire, and the model convention for access to the CNP in the context of the worship of sacred sites was validated.

The study carried out to identify sacred sites in the CNP identified riverside villages with existing sites in the protected area and a need to revive these practices. This facilitated the mobilization of these villages for the validation of the model agreements.

1. Information and data collection through studies on the contribution of socio-cultural practices to the revival of ecotourism in Comoé National Park

The first stage focused on carrying out a study to identify cult sites in the PNC and surrounding villages.

OIPR's North-East Zone Management plans to boost ecotourism in the Comoé National Park (CNP). To this end, a strategy has been defined to promote the traditional practices of local residents for tourism purposes. Taking into account the history of the creation of the PNC, it is known that it inherited sacred sites in the interior, for which little information is available. With this in mind, a study by the Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny entitled "Contribution des pratiques socio-culturelles à la relance de l'écotourisme au Parc national de la Comoé" (Contribution of socio-cultural practices to the revival of ecotourism in the Comoé National Park) was initiated, with the aim of gathering information on cultural sites and attractions that could contribute to the revival of ecotourism in the CNP.

One of the success factors was the willingness of land chiefs and traditional guarantors to provide information during the study surveys.

The results obtained show that the CNP contains a diversity of sites, and that the populations of its peripheral zone (ZP) have cultural attractions that can contribute to the revival of ecotourism in the CNP. In the Bouna sector, thirty-six (36) sacred sites have been identified, twenty-one (21) of which are in the park and fifteen (15) on its periphery, and thirty (30) sites in the Nassian sector, twenty-two (22) of which are in the park and the other eight (8) on its periphery.

However, problems linked to their devaluation have been identified. To meet this challenge, objectives have been defined, and to ensure that these practices contribute to the revival of ecotourism, two strategic axes have been identified. These are (i) the collaboration and motivation of local residents and (ii) the promotion of cultural tourism by the manager.

Local communities remain strongly linked to Comoé National Park through the cult sites that exist there, and are committed to preserving and enhancing them.

Biodiversity Monitoring

The establishment of the Golden Monkey Monitoring and Research Base at Northwest University and the Zhouzhi Substation for the National Field Scientific Observation and Research of Biodiversity for Giant Pandas and Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys, in collaboration with various institutions such as the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Northwest A&F University, Beijing Forestry University, and Northwest University, serves as an internship base for graduate and doctoral students. These partnerships facilitate joint efforts in wildlife surveys and other scientific endeavors, thereby promoting high-quality development within the region.

Research projects have been implemented to conduct extensive surveys, resulting in the creation of a comprehensive database of rare and protected species such as the Giant Panda, Golden Snub-nosed Monkey, Golden Takin, Himalayan Yew, and Kingdonia uniflora. This has led to the compilation of 13 specialized survey and monitoring reports, including the "Giant Panda and Its Habitat Monitoring Report" and the "Golden Snub-nosed Monkey Survey Report," earning two second-place awards for scientific and technological advancements from the Shaanxi Forestry Department.

Since 2012, infrared cameras have captured approximately 40,000 photographs and 5,000 video clips of rare wildlife activities, including Giant Pandas and Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys. Remarkably, the Zhouzhi Nature Reserve has recorded three leopards foraging together on three occasions, as well as footage of two wild Giant Pandas playing, and the first recorded appearance of a brown Giant Panda. Additionally, images of the Asiatic Golden Cat have been documented in various areas within the jurisdiction. In 2019, footage of the Golden Takin garnered the "Best Video Award" on CCTV's "Eyes of the Secret Realm." In 2023 alone, the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation efforts has been reported 16 times by provincial and national-level media.

Conception of one action plan with the Regional Directorate of Fisheries and Blue Economy (DRPEB) of Diana

In close collaboration with the Regional Directorate of Fishing and the Blue Economy of Diana, with whom we developed an action plan for the implementation of all the activity, mutually approved and signed.

It is always necessary to establish synergy with the partners concerned in order to be able to implement the planned activities effectively and efficiently.