COMMIT TO IMPLEMENT AGREED ACTIONS THE ‘RIGHT’ WAY AND EVALUATE THE IMPACT

The Arakwal people and NPWS staff committed to work together to implement the agreed actions. NPWS included actions in the annual operations plan and worked with Arakwal people to create opportunities for them to connect with the orchid and its heath habitat. They recognised this as an important part of maintaining and strengthening the cultural values. Before this project, the heath had not been burned for 30 years due to the difficulty of getting approval for a cultural burn of bushland next to a suburban area. Even though the cultural burn required a lot of resources, NPWS prepared and approved a burn plan and Arakwal people undertook cultural activities such as seed collection ahead of the fire. Fortunately, in 2018 all the conditions were suitable for a small cultural burn. The health of the heath has been surveyed by Arakwal NPWS staff post fire with additional sightings of Byron Bay orchid have been reported.

As a result of this project a seasonal planning calendar which highlights how management actions are scheduled through year, factoring in seasons, opportunities, weather and traditional practices was co-created. The calendar brings together culture, ecology and management actions in an easy to understand form that is both a communication and a scheduling tool. 

Arakwal people and NPWS worked together to prioritise and undertake both cultural and ecological management activities with relatively small amounts of additional funding. Arakwal people were not constrained in what the money could be spent on as long as it was to support implementation which meant that cultural activities and bringing community members on Country could occur. 

Everyone involved in the project realised the importance of celebrating success as a way to inspire the whole team and to realise the value of monitoring. Celebrating success led to people looking for ways to improve and to look to the future and new opportunities.

By using a new method to review priority actions through a cultural lens, the Arakwal NP Plan of Management was examined anew which refocussed management actions to protect and restore the cultural and ecological health of the clay heath.

Infrastructural development

To prevent mismanagement of plastics waste from reaching beaches and the marine environment, the investment of litter booms, traps, and other technological solutions is and still a priority.

The litter booms and traps work efficiently when staff have been trained on the installation as well as maintenance including working with communities to manage waste at source to prevent river pollution.

  • Infrastructure maintenance is at the core of development.
  • Training and capacity building should be continuous.
  • Community engagement must be at the core of management.
Adaptive Management

BFD has started using SMART as an adaptive management tool in the Sundarbans which is among the key potential benefits of the approach.

Presentation of reports to SMART enforcement committee helped the decision makers of BFD to plan patrols based on data queries and interpretations from actual SMART reports. This with on-board mentoring observations helped BFD decision makers to take further management decisions.

BFD is using SMART patrol reports and assess how patrol plans have been adapted based on the results of previous patrols and how effective these adaptations have been in increasing the effectiveness of SMART patrols as evidenced by the area covered, number of arrests and successful prosecutions of criminals committing serious wildlife, fisheries and forest crimes such as poaching and poison fishing; confiscations of boats, weapons, snares and traps, and wildlife carcasses and body parts; and trends (increasing, stable or decreasing) in sighting rates of key threatened wildlife species.

Awareness of managers on adaptive management and role of SMART data on that front

BFD need to enhance capacities of managers to play with SMART data and project/forecast changes/trends and incorporate forward looking measures towards conservation

Building capacity to monitor and report impacts of coral reef conservation

As part of the regular government budget cycle, DECR submits a selection of output and outcome indicators to demonstrate progress and justify funding requests. Capacities to track the state of ecosystems are therefore relevant not only to support conservation, but also as means for the department to report on its performance.

 

This building block therefore focused on the development of capacities to monitor ecosystem health and use monitoring results to communicate the benefits of ecosystem management. These capacities were built with support from the BEST 2.0 Programme funded by the European Union, focusing on coral reefs in the Key Biodiversity Area of Princess Alexandra Land and Sea National Park, as a pilot project.

 

This included the implementation of a training program for DECR staff and partners in the use of the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) methods and the development of a tailored Reef Health Index (RHI) for TCI. The RHI itself and the underlying indicators were recommended as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for DECR to report on their activities. In addition, further KPIs were compiled for DECR to monitor social and economic outcomes that could be associated to coral reef health, and hence, to their conservation activities. 

  • Active participation of in-house staff and other marine protected area managers.
  • Availability of skilled staff and partners (i.e. experienced divers) that can implement monitoring activities beyond the training program.
  • Availability of equipment (e.g. dive equipment, boats and materials) to support on-site activities such as AGRRA training dives.

Ensuring participation of partners with a solid relationship of cooperation and in-house staff with career building opportunities within the organization is fundamental to ensure that the capacities built will have an impact in the long term. As some of the trained staff took alternative professional paths after the training, the capacity to follow up on monitoring was partly affected. In relation to this point, it is also key that capacity building activities are articulated in a long-term plan that ensures future follow up and implementation.

Peer Training

We recognized the need to build leadership for effective MPA management from within, and ownership and leadership of the approaches co-developed.

 

We convened a group of 18 regional and global experts to train the most engaged MPA practitioners across 3 nations as peer trainers in evidence-based (adaptive) management. The expert team first broke down adaptive management into 3 core components: marine monitoring, data summarization and management, and strategic decision making. We then invited applications from MPA staff and engaged community members in 3 national MPA systems (Kenya, Tanzania, and Seychelles) to become peer trainers in one of the areas, as we recognized that no one staff could likely train in all three.

 

We received 60 applications and invited 30 MPA members to participate in the peer trainer training in Seychelles in August 2019.  We developed a 5-day training course. We did 2-days of joint sessions, then each group had 3-days in their individual core areas. The final day was testing in the core concepts.  Of the 30 practitioners who participated, 11 passed as peer trainers or assistant peer trainers.

 

These peer trainers are now working in their respective nations to continue improving MPA management.

Existing leaders in the approaches through past in-country training events willing to become peer trainers.

 

Willingness of experts to volunteer their time to develop and lead the training.

 

 

Building ownership and leadership is key.

 

5-days probably not enough time for a peer trainer course - ideally, there would be three 5-day courses with time to practice skills in between, but this requires more funding than was available.

Ongoing monitoring

To ensuire the solution worked, we monitored nesting and hatchling dispersal for three consecutive seasons following beach rehabilitation, and determined that there were no impacts to nesting sea turtles or emerging hatchlings.

We had several years of baseline data with whcih to compare data post-construction. We also had access to the beach and the support of the reglator in conducting the monitoring activities.

Baseline data are crucial to determine impacts. Often industries develop infrastructure in the abence of basline data and this then precludes an assessment of impacts.

SUSTAINABILITY & QUALITY

MEET ecotourism products must satisfy a minimum criteria of sustainability and quality to be included in the MEET Catalogue. This criteria is measured and monitored against a specific set of indicators. The process is also supported by MEET tools such as the Ecological Footprint Calculator - used to measure environmental impact. MEET members commit to this monitoring on a continuous basis to ensure continued improvement of the products. MEET is currently expanding the criteria to also measure socio-economic, conservation, governance impact of ecotourism products. 

The MEET Ecological Footprint Calculator, developed during Interreg-Med DestiMED project, provides the necessary tool for protected areas and others involved to measure the ecological footprint of their ecotourism product. 

 

Furthermore, to support the use of this tool, MEET recently developed an online training module on using the calcultor. to This online training module is avaialble on www.consevationtraining.org. 

  • Ensure those involved understand the value of this measuring and monitoring from the start, as it can seem like a big undertaking initiaitlly. 
MAREA: a tool for the evaluation of marine reserves

MAREA (MArine Reserve Evaluation App) is an innovative open source web-based technology tool that automates analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of marine reserves, which must be evaluated over time. This tool uses as reference a framework with biophysical, socioeconomic and governance indicators. It also selects some indicators by default according to the objectives set during the establishment of the marine reserve or protected area, but the user can also customize the list of indicators that are of interest. For the analysis, the user must provide 1) biological, 2) socioeconomic and 3) governance data, as well as select the community, reserve and target species within the MAREA database. This will yield an overall evaluation of the reserve and an overall assessment for each of the indicators. The results will provide useful information to know the status of the marine reserves and contribute to decision making.

  1. The evaluation criteria should be aligned with the main objectives of marine reserves or protected areas.
  2. The evaluation framework should be based not only on ecological dimensions, but also on socioeconomic and governance dimensions.
  3. To promote the involvement of users in the management of marine reserves, accessible technological tools are required for their evaluation, using standardized processes.
  1. Having an automated and standardized guide and application facilitates the evaluation process of marine reserves (or protected areas) by the fishing sector and managers.
  2. In Mexico, the number of marine reserves has grown recently due to regulations that allow fishermen and fisherwomen to obtain legal recognition of certain areas (e.g., fishing refuge zones), as well as the interest of the fishing sector in conserving biodiversity and achieving sustainable fisheries. These regulations and the implementation of marine reserves are generally not accompanied by standardized guidelines for evaluating the performance of these tools.
  3. Consider the limited access to technological tools (computers) and the internet in remote communities and adapt implementation strategies, including offline versions.
Every fish counts - PescaData and mobile technology

PescaData is a mobile application that promotes and improves the collection of fisheries data, and encourages fisheries with a systematic record of their catches to move towards sustainable fisheries certification. PescaData provides the fishing sector with a tool to strengthen its administrative capacities, provide digital spaces for the exchange of products and services (marketplace) and connect with others in different regions. The objective is to share knowledge and create solutions aimed at adapting to changes in the short term and address global issues.

PescaData was created in collaboration with the fishing sector and by mid-2021, it has 681 users from 63 fishing organizations in Mexico and Latin America. It is available on the App Store and Google Play, and is free to download. PescaData has a section for registering fishing logs, the list of species and El Mercado, as well as a web page where information about the application, download links and informative blogs on relevant topics of PescaData and its implementation in the fishing sector are displayed.

  1. Participation of the fishing sector in the development and improvement of the application.
  2. To count on collaborations to achieve the economic sustainability of the platform.
  3. Advise the fishing sector on the importance of systematizing their information and the use of technological tools to create solutions.
  4. Create communication and adoption campaigns to scale the use of technological tools in general.
  5. Selection of digital innovators (influencers) in the communities to scale the application to other regions and fishing communities.
  1. Successful solutions to achieve good fisheries management and responsible appropriation of resources come from the fishing communities themselves.
  2. It is important to have financial planning to ensure the economic sustainability of the platform in the short and long term.
  3. Digital inclusion must be considered; there are fisherwomen, fishermen and communities that do not have access to internet or mobile data. The ideal is to create a platform that is freely accessible and can be used without internet.
  4. Digital tools offer a range of possibilities for small-scale fisheries. They contribute to improved fisheries management, encourage transparency, help increase the efficiency of collecting and analyzing fisheries data, build and strengthen administrative capacities, establish communication networks and foster the exchange of local knowledge. The priority for these tools is to ensure that they are available to all stakeholders.
Holistic management of grasslands and forests to improve the quality of life of communities

Holistic management can repair the cycles of water, minerals, organic matter and microbiology in mountainous territories. In addition, we can generate higher profitability, improve animal and plant health, and strengthen forest and grassland restoration in a more sustainable way. Well-managed livestock is the solution to many interconnected problems, starting with climate change, reducing the production of greenhouse gases and as carbon sinks. All of the above must be planned and developed with families in mind, since they are a fundamental axis for a successful implementation.

- Commitment of local actors who participated in the implementation and decision-making of the project

- Livestock work measures should take into account the impact that they can have on key ecosystem services 

- CONANP and communities coordinated work

- Strenghtening processes that extended the capacities of local actors and the protected areas personnel, so they could implement actions in livestock farming with an AbE approach. 

- Dialogue and awareness processes at the local level to improve natural resources conservation

- Commitment and willingness of all actors involved in order to establish agreements to create a sustainability process

- The relationship of the communities with the ecosystem services, as well as the social fabric in a community must be taken into account for a adecquate implementation

- It is necessary to create emotional awareness for the population and all the actors involved, seek coordinated work with the authorities, and dedicate sufficient time to strengthen activities through appropriate organization

- Communities have now various projects including those of dairy products, sheep production, reforestation, tourist proposals, among others.

- The support and accompaniment of institutions such as the CONANP resulted necessary to support the community in the management of the protected area and in the generation of alternative proposals that could generate income opportunities for families