Seedling selection

The windbreaks were replanted in Shiraki valley to combat wind erosion. Robust trees and bushes were identified during almost ten years of testing with a wide range of species. Local species that survived the humid and the extremely dry and hot years were selected for Shiraki. Local nurseries provided their seedlings (containerized). The list of species with a good survival rate in Shiraki are provided below:

Bushes for outer rows: Amygdalus communis, survival rate: 40-80%; Koelreuteria paniculata, survival rate: 50-90%; Elaeagnus angustifolia, survival rate: 35-70%; Pistacia mutica, survival rate: 70-90%; Pyrus caucasica, survival rate: up to 80%, Prunus armeniaca, survival rate: 65-75%.

Trees for central row: Robinia pseudoacacia, survival rate: 50-75%; Fraxinus excelsior, survival rate: 40-55%; Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (syn. Celtis caucasica), survival rate: 50-80%; Ulmus minor, survival rate: 50-80%.

Most of these trees and bushes are fruit-bearing, drought-tolerant and often planted to combat soil erosion in arid regions.

Young seedlings should be watered at least 2-4 times per year with 5-10 litres each within the first two years. 

 

Seeds are collected from larger rehabilitation areas (preferably from trees and bushes that had survived recent droughts) to ensure appropriate provenance and adaptation to the site-specific ecological conditions.

The seeds should be professionally prepared for planting in a nursery. 

The experiments with growing almonds and wild apricots by sowing were successful. Less successful but still recommendable was the growing of pistachio by sowing.

In case, seedlings are to be transported over long distances they should be grown in special containers to ensure good root system development and minimise transport damage. If they are grown close to the planting site and the transport time is short, seedlings may also be bare-rooted.

Experience shows that most plants are safe and completely self-sufficient after four years.

Selection of sites and principle design

The planting scheme should be adapted to the local site conditions as well as the location, length and width of the windbreaks. The windbreak may consist of three to four rows of different tree and shrub species with a total width of 10 m and a distance of 400-500 m between them. While the middle row consists of large trees (black locust, common ash, Caucasian hackberry, field elm), the outer rows, include smaller trees or shrubs (almond, China tree, Russian olive, pistachio, wild pear, wild apricots). The distance between trees and shrubs is 2-3 m with 2-3 m between the rows in chess order.

The seedlings should be planted in autumn according to the well-designed plan as it is described in the graphic attached. This allows the root to rest for a while and enhances the chance for sufficient precipitation, rain and snow. The planting sites are prepared to ensure water flow. It is advisable to set protective tubes during the winter. They provide good protection against wind and animals with an increase of the survival rate by more than 70%. 

 

Intercropping of vegetables, such as onions and potatoes in windbreaks can bring good results and encourage people to maintain and protect windbreaks from fire.

GIZ
West Asia, Middle East
Hanns
Kirchmeir
Selection of sites and principle design
Seedling selection
Maintenance and protection
GIZ
West Asia, Middle East
Hanns
Kirchmeir
Selection of sites and principle design
Seedling selection
Maintenance and protection
GIZ
West Asia, Middle East
Hanns
Kirchmeir
Selection of sites and principle design
Seedling selection
Maintenance and protection
Watershed baseline survey to develop hydrological maps

The baseline  survey on the Kikuyu Escarpment watershed to develop hydrological maps for the area was conducted. The survey identified hotspots that needed intervention and also the hydrological maps showing the linkage between upstream and downstream, moreso indicating the catchment areas for major rivers used by most water service provider. it aslo identified potential bussineses target for the PES schemes.

 

 

KENVO long experience working at Kikuyu Escarpment Forest and collaboration with key stakeholders such as government agencies, research institutions, private sector and other development agencies to inform, educate and build the capacity of the communities to embrace appropriate  conservation practices.

That It is important  to think more critically about how to justify the water as ecosystem service  by carrying out baseline survey. This means understanding the status of water resources and areas targeted for intervention before start of the PES

 

One also need to understand the drivers of degradation that affect the service being sold , which is vital for designing intervention activities  convincing the potential buyers of the ability of the sellers to deliver the promised services.

Awareness and formation of a revitalization group

Through this stage, we sought to sensitize the regional community about the importance of revitalizing watercourses through the implementation of efficient public policies capable of involving regional managers, command and control entities, community, partners and representatives of the 6 municipal governments. This action resulted in the holding of Regional Events and Meetings to discuss the theme with those involved, allowing contributions from partners and the creation of the “Ribeirão Quilombo Revitalization Group”, coordinated by the Consórcio PCJ.

Agreement of those involved in the promotion of revitalization actions of the Ribeirão Quilombo, indicating the Schedule of Actions to be undertaken by each of the municipalities to meet the existing demands in the areas of macrodrainage, forest recovery and sanitation.

For the Pactuation of the agents involved in the revitalization of the Ribeirão Quilombo it was necessary to create the “Ribeirão Quilombo Revitalization Group”. For the creation of this group, discussions were held with the rulers of the municipalities involved by the Ribeirão Quilombo Sub-basin as well as with the regional community, alerting them of the importance of revitalizing the river for the region. This process required several meetings, coordinated by the Consórcio PCJ, with the government, sanitation companies and civil society.

It can be highlighted that after the formation of the “Revitalization Group” the municipal governments started to have a different look at the Basin. Each municipality, aware of the importance of the revitalization of the Ribeirão Quilombo, to guarantee quality water for the population as well as to preserve the local nature; began to invest both human and material resources in actions aimed at the recovery and preservation of the river. For this, the agents of each municipality could be guided by the Diagnosis of the Ribeirão Quilombo Basin, previously elaborated.

Diagnosis and action plan

The Diagnosis of the Ribeirão Quilombo Sub-basin, including information on the macrodrainage situation, forest recovery and quality of environmental sanitation in the region (three important aspects of the Sub-basin's recovery), indicating the actions to be taken carried out by each of the municipalities involved in the Ribeirão revitalization project. Based on the characterization of the scenarios of existing low water availability, in addition to the increasing difficulty of obtaining new sources to supply the growing demand, studies were carried out to obtain a diagnosis of the current situation of the demands and recovery actions of the  Ribeirão Quilombo Sub-basin, for the definition of future alternatives that enable the expansion of the water capacity of the water producing systems, enabling the recovery of the quantity and quality of water of the creek in the six municipalities involved.

In order to obtain the Quilombo Ribeirão Basin Diagnosis, it was necessary to survey several environmental studies in the region, in order to filter the most relevant ones from the point of view for the revitalization of a river. Was selected data regarding the macrodrainage situation, forest recovery and quality of environmental sanitation in the region. Identifying what each action would be necessary for each municipality of the basin.

With the conclusion and consolidation of the Ribeirão Quilombo Basin Diagnosis, it was possible to identify, quantify and present to the members of the Group and the Municipalities involved what the demands to be reached within the scope of the revitalization of the Ribeirão Quilombo.

Within the theme of macrodrainage it was possible to verify the recommended reservoirs for flood control in the Ribeirão Quilombo basin that had not yet been executed. As if they presented problems related to the use and occupation of the land and the estimated cost for the execution of the works.

Regarding the theme of forest recovery, the diagnosis made pointed to the need to plant up to 584,763 native tree seedlings in the region; as well as the cost and indication of the quota part of each municipality.

Regarding the actions of quality of the environmental sanitation of the Basin, the elaborated diagnosis pointed the most critical municipalities by the generated sewage treatment index, allowing to identify the points that most demanded investments for improvement.

Business engagement and soliciting financing commitments

To engage the bussineses, KENVO sought strategic commitments from  downstream users of water resources to support upstream catchment management and protection by the community.The community institutions and businesses were brought to negotiate and agree on their respective roles and responsibilities. Each of the parties had to commit to his or her contribution.  

 

In addition, a business platform through which the upstream community engaged downstream communities was established. In this platform, the communities negotiated agreement with businesses to commit to protect and maintain ecosystem values of an agreed acreage of 3,000 hectares annually. 

Willingness between community and businesses to reach a compromise
Availability of funds from business

 

Businesses hesitate to commit to long term financing through contractual agreements but are willing to contribute on unsustainable basis

 

Relevant policies to support PES is crucial to making business support the scheme

 

Businesses are willing to fund CFAs and WRUAs that demonstrate financial management capability and delivery of planned targets

 

CFAs and WRUAs are an asset for forest restoration as they have enough labor to do the work

 

 

 

Media and Marketing

Nature Seychelles marketed the program through placing agencies websites, paid social media ads, own websites, online magazine, and mass media through local and international newspapers, magazines and Television. Two in-house marketing videos have been produced. Information boards targeted at tourists have been erected on the island; wardens who lead the tours use them to explain the program. The program is under review and an integrated business and marketing plan rooted in the realities and practicalities of Cousin Island and Seychelles, with the ultimate goal of attracting more participants to this immersive conservation experience, is being developed.

  1. Core staff with exeprience in media and marketing
  2. Existing assets such as websites, blogs and social media platforms for targeted marketing
  3. Funding for paid advertising and for media and publicity materials production.
  1. While marketing has been partially successful, Nature Seychelles does not believe it's reaching its customer base for the program. A review of current and previous marketing efforts and related results is underway.