Effective One Health Response and Interventions to Wildlife Events

WildHealthResponse: Translating relevant health data into actionable real-time information supports stakeholders and decision-makers to structure and implement an effective multi-sectoral response—which in turn will optimize the health of wildlife, people, and livestock, and help prevent pandemics. Harnessing local knowledge informs decision-making and translates a global One Health vision into locally relevant solutions to halt species extinctions and threats to human and animal health and well-being.

- Effective networks in place through building blocks 1-3 for communication of results and coordination of effective response

- National strategies in place that ensure relevant personnel know their role and the processes for responding to different scenarios

- Good communication and collaboration between multi-sectoral response teams

- External financial support for LMICs and MICs until national budgets can support effective surveillance and response

Taking the time to put in place the initial three building blocks and national strategies enables the translation of relevant health data into actionable real-time information to support multi-sectoral stakeholders and decision-makers to implement an effective multi-sectoral response. This in turn will optimize the health of wildlife, people, and livestock, help prevent pandemics and demonstrate the benefits of wildlife surveillance networks, increasing local government buy-in for future self-investment.

Technology for Wildlife Surveillance Data Collection, Sharing and Management

WildHealthTech: WildHealthNet develops and employs innovative, appropriate, and user-friendly technologies for surveillance. With proven, globally distributed, open-source software (e.g., SMART for Health) and hardware like handheld cell phone devices for data collection and diagnostics, WildHealthNet supports effective and timely communication of data for improved reporting of wildlife health and rapid response.

- Cell-phone network accessibility and cell phone provision

- Human personnel to monitor network and data at the central level

- Access to a server

- Diagnostic capacity for safely testing wildlife samples for pathogens of concern (Point-of-care for some pathogens; in-country laboratories; regional laboratory networks, and agreements to support rapid and biosecure export, testing, and data sharing)

- Technical and analytical support

- Financing to enable technical support and capacity development for data platforms and data analysis

- Early detection of wildlife morbidity and mortality events facilitates a timely and appropriate response to disease threats; the inability to detect and identify the causes of mortality events is a major limitation in the protection of wildlife, livestock, and public health.

- Employing an already proven open-source and cell-phone-based technology through the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) platform used by rangers in close to 1,000 biodiverse sites across the world,  leverages an unprecedented network of globally distributed boots-on-the-ground and eyes-in-the-field that can act as sentinels for unusual events in remote areas. 

Supporting Skills Development for Surveillance and Monitoring of Wildlife Disease

WildHealthSkills: WildHealthNet conducts capacity bridging and building with in-person and virtual trainings for all actors in the network, from field-based rangers to laboratory techs to national coordinators. The goal is to develop and share science-based protocols and best practices, and implement strong curricula so that each actor is empowered to fully participate.

- Long term financial support for technical expertise and input

- Government and local stakeholder awareness of the links between wildlife health and human health and well-being

- Government and local stakeholder interest and engagement in capacity development for wildlife surveillance and wildlife health monitoring

- Adequate human personnel without too much turnover, in order to maintain network

A foundational understanding of the links between wildlife/ environmental health and human and domestic animal health and well-being ensures better interest and buy-in for One Health competency training such as wildlife surveillance. Stakeholder-specific trainings (e.g. Event detection and reporting for forest rangers; Necropsy and pathology for laboratory staff/ veterinarians; Sample collection and handling for rangers & confiscation teams; Technology for network coordinator and rangers), multi-lingual training packages, with core competencies and evaluation tools enable broader reach and buy-in for capacity building and maintenance and continued expansion of the surveillance network national, regionally and globally.

 

 

 

Multi-sectoral network building for monitoring wildlife diseases for One Health

- WildHealthBuild: Building partnerships and breaking down silos across the human health, animal health, and environment/ wildlife sectors is an essential first step in planning and implementing wildlife surveillance for One Health intelligence, improving coordinated result sharing and response and the likelihood that networks and sustainable and used to guide science-based policy and disease control mechanisms going forward.

- Long-term funding from international donors

- Support and buy-in from national government actors at local, provincial, and national levels

- Support and buy-in from central government across human health, animal health, and wildlife/ environmental sectors

Convening regular multi-sectoral meetings for open discourse on the challenges and opportunities to monitoring and management of disease at the wildlife-human-livestock interface, and improving communications and trust between and across sectors, is critical in the joint development of functional, long-term wildlife surveillance networks for One Health intelligence, and adoption of associated policies. This takes considerable time and a sustained effort, often, unfortunately, outside of the normal funding cycles of donor agencies.

Biodiversity communication

The creation of the series came about because we identified the need to communicate differently about biodiversity.

During our expeditions we have recorded several species in high quality videos, and in our networks we published those videos, but we saw that there was little interaction from people who did not know about the birds or those who were interested.

In that sense, we came up with the idea of making a digital series, with the intention of making a different way about the biodiversity of the Alto Mayo. We had to design the series, evaluate possible recording scenarios, select fauna, build stories, plan logistics, make alliances with audiovisual production companies, expert professionals, audiovisual production, and post production.

  • Planning
  • Story creation
  • Experts (in biodiversity and audiovisual production)
  • Quality wildlife audiovisual recording
  • A lot of learning about the development of an audiovisual project
  • New ways of communicating about biodiversity
  • It has been important to reflect on the importance of sites that carry out conservation actions.
Biodiversity communication

The creation of the series came about because we identified the need to communicate differently about biodiversity.

During our expeditions we have recorded in high quality videos several species, and in our networks we published those videos. However, we saw that there was little interaction from people who did not know about the birds or those who were interested.

In that sense, we came up with the idea of making a digital series, with the intention of showing the biodiversity of Alto Mayo in a different way. We had to design the series, evaluate possible recording scenarios, select fauna, build stories, plan logistics, make alliances with audiovisual production companies, expert professionals, audiovisual production, and post production.

  • Audiovisual production planning
  • Creation of nature and conservation stories for each episode
  • Experts (in biodiversity and audiovisual production)
  • Quality wildlife audiovisual recording
  • A lot of learning about the implications of developing an audiovisual project.
  • New ways of communicating about biodiversity and conservation
  • It has been important to reflect on the importance of the sites where conservation actions are carried out.

Biodiversity awareness

We were aware of the local biodiversity, and at the same time we knew what we were looking to show in terms of biological importance and possible national and international audience interest.

In addition, we consider the product to be very valuable in terms of photographic record.

- Presence of endemic and/or restricted birds

- Fauna and flora monitoring

- Constant field trips

- Relevant photographic and video recordings, in good quality.

- Equipment and materials available

The dedication we had in the wildlife observation activity was important. Also the previous wildlife records were important, thanks to the fact that we had adequate equipment and informative material to build the stories.

Another important lesson was to provoke interest in all participants. It is important to remember that the series was recorded in different spaces and our work was also to integrate the people who work here in the making of the series, their participation was key.

Joining Science and Communication

Scientists are often criticised for their inability to communicate research expeditions and outcomes to public audiences, both in the nations where they operate and also internationally. Nekton was founded on the principle of bringing science and story-telling together to amplify host nation scientists as leading voices and ambassadors. During the expedition, the first descents were undertaken by Seychellois scientists. Through partnership with Seychellois media, content was produced, published and broadcast within Seychelles. In partnership with Associated Press and Sky, content from the expedition was published and broadcast in 140 countries globally including 18,000 articles (in print and digital) and over 4000 video broadcast packages. These included the first live subsea documentary series, newscasts and Presidential Address by the President of Seychelles, Danny Faure.

  • Flexibility in planning daily activities
  • Mutual understanding of science and media needs and activities
  • Narratives owned by the host nation country
  • Partnerships with host nation and international media partners.
  • Pre-familiarisation of science and communication team is imperative to ensure an easy workflow
  • Science and Communication plans need to be co-produced together to identify and then create content that reflects these ambitions.
Inclusive approach to transnational cooperation

The purpose is to have a good transboundary understanding of the national nature conservation systems and how the people and organisations involved work together on a trilateral level. This deep understanding supports the improvement of the implementation of coordinated management and the linking of national to trilateral (and vice-versa) policies, plans, and activities.

In the Trilateral Governmental Cooperation, each country has its own political culture and priorities. This has an influence on the governmental and civil society structures and thus on decision-making processes, which in turn influences nature conservation and management.

The national nature conservation structures clarify which are the different public organisations and the different geopolitical levels that are responsible for planning, policy-making, and implementing nature conservation activities on the ground. Also required was a definition of nature conservation site managers, their roles, and competences per country. These elements are key to consider while developing a transnational integrated management plan (SIMP).

All the groups with competences in nature conservation are represented in the trilateral governance structure. Some at the decision-making body the Wadden Sea Board, and others in the different working groups.

It is in the interest of governmental organisations involved in nature conservation to express and clarify their roles and competences at the national level. This helps to manage and adjust expectations as well as for designing a trilateral structure including the relevant non-governmental organisations and groups.

  • It is not always easy to understand the management structures and processes because of the different political cultures in the three countries. It is good to have people that can “translate” structures into a “common language”.
  • Good to have the correct, clear, and complete structures to make sure that in the process of developing the single integrated management plan we are involving the right organisations at the right stages in the transnational iterative and participatory process (see BB1).
  • Understanding the structures also supports the understanding of the process of policy making, management plans related to EU Directives, and the update of national strategies and agendas, easing the spotting of important moments to consider nationally trilateral policies, strategies, and plans with the TWSC members help.
  • Understanding the national nature conservation structures and processes also helps to improve the understanding of how other national and regional commitments (a.o. EU Directives and Strategies) are being implemented in each country.
Iterative and participatory nature conservation planning process (site management and policy levels)

The purpose is to achieve a successful transboundary management plan integrating the levels needed for effective management. An exercise to imagine what would make the SIMP a success was useful to manage expectations, and guide and adapt the process.

  1. Preparatory phase: the trilateral Task Group World Heritage, overseeing the SIMP development, agreed on the purpose to improve management coordination at the trilateral level. Considering the suggestions from site management and policy levels and the Operational Guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, a roadmap and content were agreed upon.
  2. The content development in the TWSC: draws upon the existing governance of the cooperation. The working groups supported the drafting of the SIMP’s content in regard to climate change effects and adaptation, education, sustainable tourism, research, monitoring, assessment, etc. Preliminary content was iteratively reviewed and enriched by the TWSC groups, the site managers, the trilateral Task Group World Heritage, and the Wadden Sea Board.
  3. Consultation beyond the TWSC: external stakeholders, and members of advisory boards in each of the German Federal States, Denmark, and the Netherlands, reviewed and commented on the draft SIMP.

A similar process is foreseen for assessing the progress and adapting activities.

  • The existing governance structure of the TWSC includes working groups on relevant topics to the Wadden Sea World Heritage and therefore the single integrated management plan (SIMP). The mandate to develop the SIMP (involving site management and policy level) was given in the Trilateral Governmental Declaration as a response to the request of the World Heritage Committee.
  • Existing engagement of the Task Group World Heritage.
  • Resources commitment from the parties and an additional staff member in CWSS as SIMP project officer.
  • Give enough time for participation: take into account that each country has its own participation habits and structures and that each involved group has its own rhythm and processes to follow. Learn about those and integrate these the best as possible.
  • Plan for discussions among the involved parties: some aspects require more time and background information to understand positions and propose solutions. The Trilateral Task Group World Heritage was a great platform with members that are the liaison to the policy and site management level.
  • Effective, easy, tailored communication is key at all levels and all phases in order to convey the key messages. Here we learned along the way and improved but more improvement is possible.