Transboundary sustainable tourism
To encourage nature-friendly behavior of visitors and to create consciousness of locals about ecosystems and the region’s common history, multiple measures were taken to foster TB cooperation in the sustainable tourism sector: 1) Wooden tourism infrastructure (walkway, viewing hut, tower) was set up, allowing visitors to experience nature without disturbing habitats. 2) Walking and cycling routes, which benefit from and emphasize the common cultural and natural history, were expanded and matching bilingual maps were published. 3) Training of TB nature and culture guides ensured valuable TB guided tours for every audience on various topics. 4) To foster common projects and to improve coordination of local tourism, workshops for local tourism stakeholders were organized. These measures resulted in combined tour offers that attract visitors, give an understanding of the regional history and modern ecosystems and landscapes, and benefit local businesses. 5) Finally, outcomes of a better coordination of TB public relations included a common logo, travelling exhibitions, a bilingual homepage and informative signs along the trails to elevate the visibility of the TB National Park Region.
From the beginning of the Middle Ages to the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815), the region at the Dutch-German border has been the common property of 12 parishes. The Meinweg reflects this common history still today, which combined with attractive landscape features (e.g., terraced landscapes) and the cluster of Natura 2000 protected areas provides a suitable landscape for sustainable tourism.
For many stakeholders the cooperation means a shift in their usual reasoning, which concentrates mostly on attracting the most visitors possible to their own organisation or municipality. It turned out to be the most motivating to integrate tourism-focused stakeholders from the start as partners, which increased their identification with and commitment to the project. Similar considerations applied to cooperation of guides, hotels, and restaurants: even though there were some beneficial outcomes, maintaining collaboration required constant motivating actions and cooperation turned out not to last in several cases. In future, a more detailed concept for these stakeholders should be established at the beginning of the project. Regarding the elaboration and publication of hiking and cycling maps, it turned out to be very useful to cooperate with an editor from the start to ensure the maps are published/reprinted even after the completion of the project.
Coordinated transboundary measures to improve and connect biotopes
The project included TB nature and landscape management measures to improve habitats and the biotope network. TB management measures included: > Support of heathland and myrtle bogs development, which included removal of emergent alders, pines, spruces and birches, along with removal of shrubs along streams. To better connect people and nature, interested locals helped park staff to free the dunes from pines and black cherry to allow the heathland to develop. > Management of habitat for reptiles and amphibians (e.g. adder [Vipera berus], sand lizard [Lacerta agilis], northern crested newt [Triturus cristatus], common spadefoot [Pelobates fuscus],) by connecting and enlarging biotopes (via mowing ferns, cutting small sods, removing lumber and copes) and restoration of aquatic breeding sites (habitat of crested newt [Triturus cristatus]). > Part of the project was the implementation of the water management plan of the National Park de Meinweg: >35 ponds and temporary water bodies were renaturalized and/or restored.
Before the project began, there was already a water management plan (including guidance for restoration and enhancement of water bodies and biotopes) drawn up for the National Park de Meinweg. This plan enabled coordinated water body management during the project.
Having a good basis for cooperation and personal contacts between the protected areas is a key ingredient to ensure mutual understanding, agreement, and improving the condition and connectivity of native biotopes.
Transboundary working group for nature conservation
In the scope of the project, a TB working group for nature conservation was established for the first time. Members are representatives of private and governmental nature conservation groups who coordinated the preparation and implementation of measures for landscape and nature protection across the border. This working group has also coordinated and further developed the expanded recreational zonation for the national park region. An improved cooperation resulted in more effective and better coordinated conservation measures and the realization of biotope connectivity among Natura 2000 sites. Workshops on cooperation regarding maintenance and development of the Dutch-German Meinweg region also took place. The participants (representatives of forest organizations, forestry authorities and nature conservation organizations) discussed possible strategies for short- or long-term conservation of natural processes (on at least 50% of the area) and developed a concept for the use of the TB natural region. Experts gave information about forestry management options for both sides of the border.
Collaborators can easily communicate and work together, as Dutch and German are similar languages. All park staff can understand both languages, and some can speak both. In addition, there exists strong mutual cultural understanding. Expertise on the occurrence of species, types and development of landscape enabled the drawing up of a common concept for nature conservation in the region.
The working group and workshops were essential for the implementation of nature and landscape protection measures, as it was very important to work collaboratively and to exchange ideas and experiences. These workshops helped improve understanding about the perspectives of each participating organization, especially regarding cultural views and professional opinions regarding biotope management measures.
Awareness raising on invasive species
Education, information and outreach programs help to enhance public support and participation of local communities in invasive lionfish control programs.
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The earlier appropriate outreach activities are implemented, the more they are taken up.
Promotion of active participation
The development of the capacity of fisherfolk to manage their organization, through training activities in leadership, business, communications, advocacy and representation is important in contributing to strong fisherfolk organisations and appropriate representation and participation in fisheries governance. This capacity development is based on identified needs, focused on priority areas and conducted in collaboration with appropriate partners.
• Strong partnerships with fisheries administrations, academia, NGOs and FAO. • Committed fishers. • Existing policy/legal framework. • Funding opportunities to conduct training activities, and provide resources.
• Requires consistent, ongoing effort. • Capacity development is a long term undertaking and requires solid partnerships. • Small-scale fishers and their organisations are unable to support required training activities and benefit from dedicated partnerships.
Unconventional strategic partnerships
To promote sustainable fishing, it is necessary to create partnerships that promote behavior change, even if they are at opposite ends of the market. A partnership of fishermen and buyers brings mutual benefits such as better prices and higher quality products. This incentivises fishermen to respect catch limits and no-take zones.
- Define objectives: What is to be achieved and where? - Finding common objectives between the partners - Identifying strengths, weaknesses, capacities and own range in a critical and realistic way - Impartiality – Working with different actors without political or ideological distinction to reach common objectives - Fluid and continuous communication between all stakeholders
- Including different actors - some with a thus far unrecognized impact - allowed to identify focal points which triggered the first important step of the project and that gave the participants a sense for possibilities and success - One organization cannot do everything, the sum of efforts and powers is needed to achieve solid and long-term results - If new to a place, it helps to work with actors who are well-known in the community in order to understand values, motivations and interests of a fishery and draft common objectives - Trust is fundamental to establish strategic alliances. Time to develop and strengthen them must be invested, especially when they are set up for the first time - A broad network of strategic alliances diminishes the risk of the project failing. Depending on one single actor can threaten the results and long-term viability of a management system - Alliances enable more control about actions, follow-up and evaluation in achieving the agreed objectives
Use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
ICT allows for communications channels, such as cellular phone and internet services, to facilitate collective planning and fisherfolk meetings. These are relevant and effective in situations where participants are from different areas and countries, and where opportunities for face to face meetings are limited. The Caribbean Network of Fisherfolk Organisations (CNFO) uses phone features such as calls and text to communicate as well as email, VOIP services and website.
• Cell phone technology and widespread usage. • Widespread internet access. • Communications tools that are free, including Skype and Google hangouts.
• ICT presents a low cost way of communicating. • Current technology can facilitate many activities. • Fishers most readily respond to cell phone. • Collaboration with ICT partners required to derive greater benefits.
Establishment of fisherfolk organisations
Fisherfolk organisations are initiated and developed from collaborative efforts of fishers, existing fisherfolk organisations, academia, NGOs, donors and fisheries management entities. These fisherfolk organisations facilitate participatory representation of fisherfolk in fisheries governance and management by bringing fishers concerns, interests, knowledge and experience into the management considerations. Being linked at national, regional and global levels allow for these organisations to effectively participate in fisheries governance, facilitates communications, capacity building and representation.
• Access to information. • Communication channels such as cell phone, internet and print media. • Strong and motivated leadership. • Committed fisheries management regimes. • Existing policy/ legal framework.
• Multiple communications tools/channels required to reach fishers. • Building fishers leadership abilities is important. • Consistent and ongoing effort required. • Global climate of stakeholder participation important. • Capacity development is a long term undertaking and requires solid partnerships. • Representation requires funding and a seat at the table. • Small-scale fishers and their organisations are unable to support required activities and need dedicated partners. • Challenges faced by Caribbean small-scale fishers are varied and numerous with powerful interest groups advocating for other interest.
Technology transfer
An alliance between General Community Council Los Riscales, MarViva Foundation and Laboratorio Accionar Foundation allowed the establishment of the Collective Communication. The aim of the Collective is to transform social practices, strengthen local governance processes and to build participatory scenarios of political advocacy. Through announcements in the communities, a group of "monitors" responsible for performing the communication tasks was chosen. In the process of transfer of community communication techniques and capacity building for young people, it was crucial to facilitate self-teaching attitude and the ability to generate own projects and content. The Collective was also provided with basic equipment, such as inexpensive cameras for video photography, audio recorders and computers. Through mobile laboratories in community radio and video communication, the Collective was trained in content development and equipment handling techniques. Each community chose the topics they wanted to work with, according to the interests and priorities in each community. The members of the Collective have had, since then, the possibility to practice, explore and produce autonomously their own content.
The existence of a media vacuum in the region ensured the success of the initiative. Being able to perform activities with low-cost and easy-to-handle equipment provided young people with the means to create audiovisual products. Focusing on issues relevant to each community and not on general topics of national importance allowed rapid identification of communities with the products.
Collective communication techniques are easily incorporated by young people from the communities. Inexpensive audio-visual equipment is very effective in generating information of interest to the communities. Content should focus on issues in which each community is interested. This ensures greater participation and commitment. The generation of videos and radio programs allows communities to influence policy decisions on management of marine resources in their region. Collective communication processes consolidated social leadership within communities.
Research and monitoring
Scientific baseline data of species behavior and environmental impact is used to design appropriate tools for control. The use of these tools is continuously monitored, enabling their assessment and adjustment in an adaptive management process.
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