Staff training and coaching

In order to meaningfully deploy the solution, it is essential to undertake training for all project and non-project staff that will be engaged. In the project, two groups were targeted for training; system administrators and field-based users. System administrators consist of management staff who would maintain the software and configure devices and additional applications while offering continuous training for field-based users. A training of trainers (ToT) was conducted for this group on the structure of the software, customization and implementation. The field-based users were the rangers who conduct daily monitoring routines and the would-be bearers of the mobile applications. Training for this group entails efficient use of mobile devices, mobile applications and submitting data.

  • Collaboration - The collaboration with SFG was of great benefit with respect to building the capacity of system admins at OPC to develop data collection models and train rangers on the use of SMART mobile.

  • Team spirit - The solution target teams were very receptive of the proposed technology and this made it easy to train while enhancing uptake

  • Flexibility - While planning for training, consider multiple sessions to allow flexibility in the event of a disruption. In this project, training activities were affected by COVID19 containment measures. The intended one session for over 50 participants had to be split into four in order to achieve required spacing requirements

  • Piloting before actualization - At the design stage, it is necessary to trial available solutions where possible in order to identify training needs, intensity required and frequency of refresher training.

  • Training of trainers - It is innovative for project managers to make use of beneficiaries at different levels to implement parts of the project. In this project, five members of staff were initially trained with advanced aspects of the technology and what aspects to be passed on to the users of mobile applications.

2. Identification of the key areas of concern (Data Collection/ SAGE process)

The main SAGE workshop started with pre-workshop orientation of participants and facilitators followed by two days assessment. During these sessions participants were provided with an initial overview of the SAGE process through presentations, followed by printed score cards for each of the 39 SAGE questions based on the ten principles of good governance and equity, from which each stakeholder group discussed the question, scored the results and presented to the plenary. The major differences in opinion between the different stakeholder groups could likely indicate governance challenges therefore these differences were well noted and justifications of their scores were provided.

 

This process continued by provision of ideas for action from each stakeholder group on the areas where the major differences occurred. For example, differences of opinion on benefit sharing among different actor groups may occur because the different stakeholder groups may have different information or different understandings of the available information. Therefore, for this to be easily resolved, recommendations for better transparency and sharing of proper information among stakeholder groups could be identified as a recommended solution as well as the plans for its implementation put in place.

Assessing the governance and equity at the site level can be a complex task that requires careful consideration of several factors so as to ensure its success. Based on the SAGE assessment done, consideration of the following made the SAGE process successful;

 

  • Proper identification and engagement of key stakeholders.
  • Openness and transparency of key stakeholders during the whole assessment process.
  • The willingness of key stakeholders to address the identified disparities and inequities, and be willing to take the necessary corrective measures.

SAGE methodology covers a gap in the conservation toolbox, providing self-assessment, multi stakeholder opinions, and a platform to iron out strengths and weaknesses of protected areas in a safe and participatory manner

 

SAGE provides information for planning, strategy, reporting and policy development at system, national, and global levels. Honeyguide has incorporated SAGE as the main tool to initiate discussions, assess, diagnose and inform governance capacity building initiatives of WMAs in Tanzania

 

Like any other participatory approaches, advanced planning is required to make SAGE useful and successful. This includes advance invitations and follow-ups, careful venue selection, as well as choosing appropriate facilitators with a balance between experience, credibility, language, familiarity of the local context, non-conflicts of interests and other logistical planning

 

We also learned that the success of the assessment depends much on the familiarity of the facilitators to the assessment questions. Sufficient time needs to be invested in preworkshop orientation of facilitator

Partnership and collaboration

Since the software being deployed (SMART) was not being developed but rather an implementation, there existed other organizations that have used it. It was necessary to adapt and capitalize on the experience of other partners for a smooth process. This project engaged Space for Giants (SFG) who monitor large mammals in the landscape to provide guidance, templates and training. The training of trainers was conducted by SFG who also offered support in the development and configuration of necessary databases, online platforms and data collection models.

 

Two years before the project was conceived, a collaboration between Ol Pejeta and Vulcan Inc. through the Tech Lab saw the creation of an online visualization platform, EarthRanger that has since been used to integrate reports from various sources within the organization and from partners.

  • Landscape level information sharing - Organizations in Laikipia have partnerships which facilitate collaborative monitoring of particular aspects of biodiversity and preparation of landscape reports. This enables easy collaborations in capacity building and innovation.

  • Common goal - OPC has established a Conservation Technology Lab for developing, testing and monitoring technologies for the benefit of all players in the landscape. SFG also provides a centralized database for wildlife monitoring to some conservancies in Laikipia.

  • Collaborations help reduce costs - The partnership with SFG in this project significantly reduced the cost of developing SMART data collection models and training of staff which would otherwise require the hiring of a consultant(s).

  • Past and current partnerships have future benefits - The collaboration with Vulcan Inc which was developed 2 years earlier became beneficial to this project where SMART was integrated with EarthRanger to enhance visual analysis and sharing.

Capacity development activities such as training and materials and equipment provision to facilitate collection of baseline data through monitoring and surveillance.

The following activities enabled delivery of the outputs defined in Building Block 1. Prior to being deployed into the field to engage in monitoring, surveillance and data collection, the ranger team needed to be equipped and trained as demonstrated by the activities below.

Activity Implemented 1.3 - Procurement of equipment and supporting hardware and software for use in monitoring of targeted areas within PSEPA

Activity Implemented 1.4 - Conduct training of surveillance personnel in the use of monitoring equipment

The following activities enabled delivery of the outputs defined in Building Block 1. Prior to being deployed into the field to engage in monitoring, surveillance and data collection, the ranger team needed to be equipped and trained as demonstrated by the activities below.

Activity Implemented 1.3 - Procurement of equipment and supporting hardware and software for use in monitoring of targeted areas within PSEPA

Activity Implemented 1.4 - Conduct training of surveillance personnel in the use of monitoring equipment

Implementation of this project provided a few important lessons:

  1. The benefits of this project to the Saint Lucia National Trust would have been more apparent to internal and external stakeholders if a well-defined communication programme had been developed and built into the project design. While there was mention of communication and knowledge materials, the processes for generating them were not well defined, given the fact that the project implementation process focused on addressing the human resource needs and functions. Well- designed communications actions add value to projects and provide avenues and tools for documentation, celebration and for continuous growth and development.
  2. The COVID context, especially the prohibitions on travel and face to face contact, limited training opportunities and activities. Most of these activities, and they were conducted towards the end of the project and this did not allow sufficient time for practice of desired skills. Those skill sets that were softer and easier to internalize and reproduce were successfully transferred, but some that require practice are still ongoing.
1. Stakeholder Engagement

The SAGE methodology uses a stakeholder-led, self-assessment process to assess the quality of governance and equity.

 

The initial activity started with the identification of the key actor groups who have significant interest in the WMA or have power to influence conservation activities likely to affect conservation either positively or negatively e.g benefit sharing, livelihood projects supporting conservation and environmentally damaging activities whereby five different actor groups were identified and engaged as participants in the SAGE process. These actor groups represented members of the AA (Authorized Association), the board, representatives from men and women community, representatives from government, investors and other partners working in the same area.

 

Engagement of these key actor groups was the very significant success of the SAGE process because they have the better knowledge of the local environment and all the underlining activities going around in their WMA and they provided the right assessment and recommendation of their WMA.

 

The identification of the key actor groups to be engaged in the SAGE process was done successfully following the information obtained through the meeting held at the WMA offices before the SAGE workshop whereby the WMA management, members of Authorized Association and the board, key influential people, partners and government official were able to identify other important actors within communities who should be engaged in the SAGE process including traditional leaders.

The involvement of different partners working in the same area or have worked in the same area, village leaders and government officials assisted in the provision of important information which widened our scope of identifying and engaging important key actors in the WMA.

Provision of basic needs and income generating alternatives

This building block concerns bring tangible benefits of the project to direct beneficiaries. The household basic needs like energy saving stoves, rain water harvesting gadgets and protected springs were meant to reduce access and amount of pressure to the wetland and its resources. The alternative income generating items like fish cages and fish ponds, bee-hives were meant to support individuals, households, groups or associations to enhance their economic livelihoods, so as to shift from wetland resource extraction for commercial purposes to extraction for domestic use only.

This involved a process of identifying/selecting direct beneficiaries, in the form of individuals, households, groups or associations which was done with the help of local council leaders, and attendance lists of members attending several sensitization and education workshops. Local council leaders were helpful mostly in identifying the vulnerable or marginalized households like the handicapped, elderly, poor youth and women.

  • The grant budget included all the supplies.
  • There was never enough to cover all the members of the villages.
Capacity development

Field missions associated with IMET only take a few days to conduct. It is therefore important that the project team be adept at using the IMET prior to the field mission. Building the technical capacity of the team will enable smooth implementation and reduce the risk of overrunning timelines. In our project, we underwent a series of capacity development sessions. During project design, we underwent several online training sessions organised by BIOPAMA. These meetings provided the knowledge and skills needed to conduct the data collection and analysis within a short period of time. Equally important is ensuring that the computers to be used  are up to date in terms of specifications. Thus, capacity development includes technical and logistical aspects of the project.

Trained IMET coaches were on hand to provide support during project design and implementation. In addition, BIOPAMA was flexible enough that they allowed us to upgrade the computer that was used in the assessment. This was important because IMET is a computer based tool that requires advanced computer specifications.

Before implementing IMET, find out the capacity levels of your team. If no one on your team has experience using IMET, reach out to others who do. If you are sourcing funding from a grant scheme, find out from the funder if they have an arrangement with coaches who can support your project or simply include training consulting in your project design.

Infrastructural development

Installations such as electricity provision, servers and computers are necessary to rollout such technological solutions. In the current project, 35 ranger outposts were equipped with solar chargers and inverters to keep the mobile phones charged; a server and air conditioner were purchased and installed at a central server room; and two computers were purchased to support data processing and configuration of mobile devices. Further, the servers and computers were configured to facilitate creation of SMART databases (desktop and connect) and enable the rollout of data collection using SMART Mobile, submission through the server, processing at the desktop and sharing over SMART Connect.

  • Existing infrastructure - Establishment of infrastructure related to the project was complementary to existing installments such as, server room where the server was installed and usable buildings in ranger outposts for solar powering

  • Internal capacity - The organization had capacity in information technology (IT) and electricity to undertake installation without contracting external party

  • Take inventory and analyze gaps at the planning stage - To avoid gaps in equipment and facilities, it is necessary to have a complete list while designing the project. In the current study, additional costs were incurred to acquire electricity  inverters which were not included in the original plan for solar power provision in ranger posts.

  • Internal capacity - Where possible, organizations can continuously enhance their capacity to absorb technological innovations. This reduces costs of installation and maintenance while ensuring sustainable management of adopted technologies.

  • Piloting before actual implementation - Most technological solutions will evolve based on gaps identified in the course of implementation. It is therefore important to conduct a trial to identify such gaps in time for appropriate action. In this project, internet coverage was found to be inadequate and a decision was made to use the GSM network by providing data bundles through SIM cards in the mobile phones.

Community involvement and outreach

Involving people directly in the reef restoration effort and being actively part of the solution is crucial for its overall success. With the help of local dive operators, Reef Renewal Bonaire trains volunteers that participate side-by-side with the staff in day-to-day field activities. Trained divers are pivotal in sharing RRFB’s vision with the wider community and becoming natural ambassadors for reef preservation and restoration. 

Educational programs and tailored experiences are organized for schools, youth groups, local businesses, and authorities aimed at involving them in different levels of restoration efforts, while allowing them to see the results of the project, firsthand. 

Furthermore, located in shallow water, the nurseries and outplanting sites are easily accessible by divers, snorkelers, and surface explorers, becoming an attraction not only to visitors of the islands but also to local community groups.

 

  • A community recognizing the value of coral reefs and caring for their preservation.

  • Dive operators are willing to work together for a common cause, setting aside competitive aspects of the business.

  • Strong support of the local dive operators and overall the local diving community (ie. providing scuba tanks for volunteers).

  • Involve the stakeholders well in advance and methodically gauge their involvement, participation and satisfaction.

  • Find ways to keep the volunteers motivated and engaged.

  • Consider that volunteer coordination takes time and patience.

Education and training of direct beneficiaries
  • This was meant to give hands on knowledge to the beneficiaries in accordance with the activities engaged in. The main targets were those who would benefit from alternative sources of income. already existing practitioners in aquaculture, apiary etc and the new ones alike were taken into consideration. Individuals, homesteads, member groups/associations were trained in categories; Fisheries, Apiary development, and Crop growers. different training sessions were organised for each category.
  • This helped members to know what awaits them, how to plan and manage it sustainably to improve their livelihoods.
  • Education and training was a continuous process throughout the implementation cycle of the project.
  • The technical team of the project included experts or officers in the respective areas/fields namely, The Entomologist for Apiary development projects, the Senior Agricutural Officer for crop growers and the Fisheries Officer for the Aquaculture projects.
  • The grant budget had sections of these trainings well facilitated.
  • There were already existing organized groups and individuals in the respective categories and some members were already involved in the ventures like aquaculture and apiary development.
  • Some members attended the meeting out of curiosity knowing that the project activities may negatively impact on their activities in the wetland since they were involved in illegal and destructive activities.
  • Expectations in terms in the beginning were so low, and the mood changed gradually after learning of the several benefits that the project was coming along with, including alternative sources of income.
  • There was a considerable number of individuals who showed interest in joining groups if there were any or just sharing on the benefits on individual benefit.