Using manual labour allows for selective removal of invasive plants. This protects the other native vegetation in the area, allowing for the native vegetation and grasses to grow back in the following months whereas when using heavy machinery, the top layer of soil in addition to the grass and native vegetation are removed. Using heavy machinery also removes vital seed banks of native plants, which further facilitates the spread of invasive plants.

It is critical to remove the IAS before the seeds mature and disperse. Through this project, we aim to remove as much IAS growth as possible manually (inclusive of roots), before they shed seeds. The remaining plants, which are more difficult to uproot, will be removed via a ‘slasher’ and the roots will be removed manually, at a later stage, when the soil is moist and plants may be easily uprooted. FEO has observed regrowth of grass after a couple weeks of IAS removal and the growth of native vegetation inhibits the regrowth of invasive species in the cleared areas.

Federation of Environmental Organisations partnered with the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWC), the governmental department which oversees maintaince of national parks, nature reserves, and wildlife in wilderness areas in Sri Lanka. Lunugamvehera National Park is directly under their management, therefore granting of permission from the DWC was essential. Removal of the focal invasive plants was conducted under the supervision and security of the DWC.

In addition to our invasive species removal programme, part of the project focuses on developing sustainable livelihoods of the local communities. The hired labour was drawn from local communities who have lost their income sources due to the COVID-19 pandemic from local farming communities, and many of which were daily wage workers. This new partnership between the Park and the local community also fosters an attitudinal shift from one of conflict with the Park to one where they can financially benefit from and being involved in the protection of the Park. Local community members involved in the project were also given awareness training on invasive species control.

With wildlife appearance as a result of the relocation of communities from the encroached area, the opportunity of wildlife ecotourism is enabling. Wildlife becomes the assets of the communities from its value of alternative livelihoods. Communities become the wildlife guardians instead of attackers.

in order to be feasible, planning of protected areas and socio-ecosystems must have an impact on land use planning instruments.

In order to address the challenges faced by society in social, economic, environmental and cultural terms, commitments have been adopted at the global level and subscribed to by States in different agendas, each with particular intervention approaches (rights, ecosystemic, urban-regional, disaster prevention and risk management and/or climate change). which of these approaches is appropriate for effective territorial management of biodiversity and social inclusion? All. The reality of the territories is diverse, complex and has very specific problems and potentials, which require cooperative, concurrent, complementary and multi-scale work of social and institutional actors to harmonize and implement the actions proposed in the planning instruments, in such a way that they respond to the identified needs, in order to prevent and manage socio-environmental conflicts, advance in the conservation of nature and human wellbeing.Combining rights, ecosystemic, urban-rural, risk management and climate change approaches is necessary to manage territories in an integral and pertinent manner.

New forms of civil society are emerging in Cambodia including more informal social movements that are at the forefront of delivering change. New ways of communicating are explored by these groups who use a variety of new technologies, most notably mobile phones, Facebook, and Youtube. This is the case with PLCN as well.

Until recently, patrolling and documenting illegal logging was difficult and expensive due to the vast area with little infrastructure and lack of communication. To address this problem, an innovative partnership “Prey Lang: It’s Our Forest Too” was formed between PLCN, a social movement Community Peacebuilding Network (CPN), a peacebuilding organization Peace Bridges Organisation (PBO), the University of Copenhagen (KU), a Danish development organization (Danmission), and a local IT company (Web Essentials) in 2014. At a later stage, more organizations joined the initiative: The Cambodian Youth Network (CYN) as a youth activities support group and the Forest & Peoples Organization, an organization to support the data collection and dissemination as well as the communication of the results of the forest monitoring.  

The Village Savings and Loan Scheme is an IPaCoPA's sustainability strategy where members in their self-manage Groups meet regularly to save their money in a safe space and access small loans from the money collected among themselves to invest in livelihood projects at household level such as Agriculture and Solar energy. Because most individual members lack prerequisites to access loans from financial institutions, the VSLA scheme helps members to easily access finances and secure soft loans under group guarantorship. This supplements TUA's efforts to implement various aspects of the IPaCoPA initiative and to sustain the TUA's already supported projects such as looking after the trees planted and setting up kitchen gardens by households. With our external partners,  key of them who include the District Local Government, UNDP, SAI Group UK, and Jade Products Ltd, we have been able to get endorsements, Capacity trainings, Digital Platforms such as Project Management systems and access to e-commerce, Funding (forexample from UNDP-Y4BF to support 500 youth in commercial farming of Chilli), and other resources which makes IPaCoPA operate in complete ecosystem. 

Poaching poses serious threats to wildlife conservation and efforts at preserving wildlife through the establishment of protected areas are under threat by poaching of wildlife in the central High Atlas of Morocco.  The enforcement of the existing law against illegal capturing, empoisoning and killing of wild encouraged the authorities to participate actively in the protection of wild species and to enforce the law in certain cases. Raising awareness among residents and creating jobs in ecotourism and geotourism also participate in the fight against poaching. For example, in the Ouzoud site, the fight against poaching and the trade of macaques was one of the main factors responsible for the Barbary macaque population increase. We have actively participated since 2008 in collaboration with local authorities in the fight against illegal work (poaching, tree felling, etc.). We worked with some residents to obtain the necessary information on this work. in this context, we took part in stopping certain wild animal capture operations and we released a large number of animals in their original habitats.

Conduction of scientific research on the effects of human activities on wildlife allowed us to better understand the effects of humans on wild animal populations. Today, we are the only who carry out scientific studies on biodiversity in the central High Atlas. The solutions proposed consist in encouraging research institutions to participate in these scientific studies and to study other zoological groups.

Scientific research is essential for conservation as it helps establish solutions based on scientific results. For example, we have shown that hunting currently used in Morocco to limit the growth of wild boar populations has, on the contrary, a postive impact on wild boars and that the conservation of wild boar predators is the best method to regulate wild boar populations. We have also shown that poaching affects populations of the Barbary macaque, Cuvier's gazelle, and of other species. The prohibition of poaching and the sensitization of habitats were the main causes for the increase in  the Barbary macaque population in the site of Ouzoud, Morocco.

Encouraging development projects promote the local economy and participate in increasing the income of residents. We participated in the training of tourist guides to work in tourist places, especially in the Ouzoud site. Some locals who previously worked as poachers have become good tour guides. They acquired information on the local fauna, in particular the Barbary macaque. The training of guides was carried out in collaboration with associations and local and regional authorities. Other people were trained in the field of medicinal plants and they improved their income.