Involve adults too through ‚Parents Days‘
At the end of every school year, Club P.A.N. hosts a Parents’ Day, where all village members are invited to watch their children perform and discuss their sessions. This ensures that not only children, but also parents and villagers are also exposed to conservation education in a fun atmosphere. This also creates pride in the village for their younger generation and the children in turn feel proud of what they have learned and are more eager to share their knowledge.
Invite local authorities (ministers) to these events and give them the possibility to speak in front of the audience so that they can show the value of the program and their governments support for the participation of the parents and villagers in the program.
Send invitations early, so that the audience is as big as possible. It is also advisable to plan a small budget for the invitation of local authorities and ministers to provide food and drinks after the celebrations, to thank them for their support and presence at the event. They will appreciate this extra effort and in turn be more likely to support future events.
Dialogue between fishermen groups and MPA officials
When the region was set to be designated as a Reserve Zone, a Fishermen’s Association united 16 fisheries groups that had been using marine resources in the area for decades. To reduce conflicts between local people and the protected area authority, it was made clear that pre-existing rights, such as the fishermen’s, would be respected. In the technical document presented to the government for the declaration of the Reserved Zone, it was clearly stated that groups organized through the fishermen’s association historically used the area’s marine resources. During the Reserve Zone categorization process, the government defines the final category and extent of the protected area based on conservation objectives and imposes natural resource use restrictions. In principle, this is when local participation, dialogue and scientific data have to be considered to decide the future management scheme of the protected area. Several meetings were held with each of the fishermen groups and their association to explain the different protected area categories provided by the legal system. Thanks to the participatory process, San Fernando was declared as a National Reserve and the local fishermen felt involved and heard in the process.
The vision and commitment of people involved and leading the dialogue process remained consistent, which built trust in relationships among those involved. In case the people in charge change, previous agreements must be respected and it becomes particularly important to have them written down.
The processes of establishing, categorizing and zoning the San Fernando Reserved Zone shows that participatory processes take longer but lead to more legitimate agreements which are more respected by those who participated in the process. It is important to record agreements, taking minutes of the meetings and if possible of the positions of the different parties, in order to document consistency of the different actors’ positions. Discussions and negotiations of complex issues must take place at appropriate locations. A General Assembly open to the public is ideal for generating a sense of openness and to disseminate general information. Ideally, preparatory meetings are held prior to the Assembly, with the representatives of the associations so they have advance information and their positions are known to each other. Do not create expectations that cannot be met. Be transparent with information.
Targeted communication products and outreach
After developing several communications products geared to different audiences, we released the valuation findings at the International Year of the Reef Symposium in Belize City in November 2008. We also distributed findings in a six-page summary pamphlet for decision makers; several local partners also incorporated the results into videos shown to the Prime Minister and other officials at the gala event that evening. At the request of the Protected Areas Conservation Trust (PACT), we also produced a one-page document aimed at policymakers and have distributed it through PACT and other local partners. We also made Excel-based tools to facilitate replication of our valuation methods and data collection. These tools and users’ manuals, along with the full technical report and summary, are all freely available for download at our website. The Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, along with WWF, WCS, Oceana, and many other local NGOs, have used the economic valuation findings in their efforts to negotiate for tighter fishing regulations, new mangrove legislation, a ban on offshore oil drilling, and other conservation and sustainable management goals.
- Partnership and stakeholder engagement: A strong collaboration with dedicated partners ensured relevant and effective communication with decision makers. In most instances, our Belizean partners led outreach and dissemination. - Critical access to decision makers through Belizean partners. - Strategic packaging of results: We compared the value of Belize’s coral reefs and mangroves to national GDP. - Timeliness: The release of results coincided with important events and activities in Belize.
Use different communications products (e.g. long paper, short summary of key findings, video, presentations) and channels (e.g. public events, private targeted meetings, through partners and their networks) to reach your key audiences. In particular, encourage your partners to make use of and promote your findings and recommendations.
Management committee
The national authority begins the process to create a protected area management committee by inviting interested local stakeholders. Members are registered, and a council and a President are elected by the General Assembly. The management committee itself becomes a space for dialogue and allows issues to be discussed before tensions turn into conflicts. It also facilitates support from local stakeholders to the protected area management authority to carry out specific activities. The Fishermen’s Association and collectives are also members of the management committee and are active in the general assembly. A representative from the Fishermen’s Association was elected as President of the Management Committee, legitimizing the association as one of the most powerful and relevant actors in the protected area. This made communications between fishermen and government authorities more fluid and management decisions are made based on formal processes.
The management committee is a legally established by the National Law for Natural Protected Areas and its Regulations. The National Protected Area Authority promotes the creation of management committees for all protected areas as a way to create a space for dialogue and involve local stakeholders in management decisions.
The creation of the management committee gave the fishermen confidence that they would have a formal space to have their voices heard. It was also a space to resolve tensions and hear other perspectives. By assuming the Presidency of the Management Committee, the Fishermen’s Association was empowered, but at the same time they had to consider views and decisions that could be against their own. Therefore, more democratic decisions were reached.
Community identification and selection
As the Wet Tropics Management Authority works with more than 20 Aboriginal communities in the Wet Tropics region, it was important we use a transparent and fair process to select a group to undertake a P3DM. An expression of interest was developed and distributed outlining parameters of the project, its potential benefits and what would be required of the community. Written applications were assessed, and applicants interviewed against a series of questions. Selection was based on a combination of the written applications and interviews.
Strong relationships with, and knowledge of, Aboriginal peoples of the Wet Tropics enabled a quick and simple advertising and selection process. A staff member with previous experience in P3DM and GIS allowed clear debriefing on the nature of the work - risks, advantages, timelines, potential outcomes
Using all established community networks and systems of information dissemination will the broadest range of communities to become interested in, and learn about, the value of P3DM to their community. Additionally conducting desktop research into similar international Indigenous communities that have already completed a P3DM assisted in selling a concept, P3DM, that can be difficult to adequately illustrate.
Updating the Reserve’s Master Plan
The triggering factor that started the updating process of the Reserve’s master plan, were the inhabitants’ concerns about floods affecting them. In response to this, CECON is leading a process of gathering, updating and analysing information to propose management actions and strategies to be included in the updated master plan. Additionally, final discussions with stakeholders and elaboration of the final version of the updated master plan to be presented and approved by CONAP are ongoing.
• Availability of information. • Ability of the institution in charge of the protected area management to generate widespread interest amongst different stakeholders. • Stakeholders are committed to participate actively in the process.
• The Reserve by itself will not be able to control the risk of floods inside its territory, without interventions outside of its limits. • Updating a management plan is not just a specific event in time, but a powerful process to establish permanent stakeholder engagement, and to link a protected area with its surroundings.
Destination Positioning
Through a series of workshops and research, each Landscape uncovers their “unique point of difference” - what it is that makes their Landscape stand out from the rest of the country, and the rest of the world, the experiences that make them world class. This piece of work, known as Destination Positioning, forms a template for the delivery of their unique visitor experiences and informs a strategic framework for planning, regional tourism development, and marketing. The National Landscapes approach demonstrates the critical role an appropriate consultation and planning framework (through the Destination Positioning and Experience Development Strategy) can play in cultivating the necessary partnerships and ensuring a truly collaborative approach, is applied to regional tourism planning.
Ensuring all stakeholders participate in the planning process and ensuring the right governance and business principles are applied, means that the appropriate local knowledge and expertise has informed planning decisions and also means that if a proposal gains endorsement, stakeholders will be confident it has the endorsement of all relevant stakeholders.
Develop the right framework The right consultation and planning framework is one supported by an annual action or implementation plan that can identify the priority projects for the next year, give focus to the work of those responsible, help build stakeholder support and draw attention to successes. Once the first project is successfully completed, it provides valuable credibility to the approach and can assist in demonstrating the ‘”shovel readiness” of the priority projects and assist in leveraging further interest, investment and resources for subsequent projects. For example, several priority projects have been delivered that successfully linked indigenous aspirations and regional economic development opportunities for indigenous communities.
Experience Development Strategies
Each Landscape must develop an Experience Development Strategy (EDS). This is a tool for focused destination management planning, driven by each Landscape’s Destination Positioning. It provides a framework where regional partners collaborate to consider new tourism projects, infrastructure needs, conservation impacts and marketing to improve the stock of world class experiences and their delivery to the target market. Each EDS includes an implementation plan identifying priority projects; sustainability initiatives; business opportunities; visitor management, infrastructure proposals and more. Wherever possible EDS’ link or integrate with other regional planning processes. Implementing these strategies to develop new or improved visitor experiences creates new opportunities for international standard product to be marketed domestically and internationally.
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Integration into state and regional planning processes Landscapes taking a strategic regional view and integrating the EDS into state and regional planning processes, have been most successful at completing major projects and leveraged most financial support. One Landscape attracted $100,000 and matched it with funds from stakeholders to start construction of an interpretation centre. The planning and regional stakeholder engagement involved in this initial project helped leverage an additional $550,000 from within the region to complete the project. Integration of EDS priorities into regional planning processes has also allowed large projects to succeed across multiple boundaries. After one landscape engaged all key stakeholders to capture priority projects within the state level strategy, $500,000 additional implementation funds were leveraged to complete a project crossing State Crown, Resort and Natio
Signature Product
The collection of 16 Landscapes represents world-class nature and culture in Australia. Signature Product criteria have been developed to identify the best iconic experiences within each Landscape, those featuring outstanding natural and cultural values which showcase conservation outcomes and commitment to quality. Signature products are promoted through Tourism Australia’s digital, social and public relations channels to inspire consumers (in particular the “experience seeker” target market), to visit Australia, and include the National Landscapes in their itineraries. New signature products, being delivered within the Landscapes, are already demonstrating how great visitor experiences can provide opportunities for learning about Australia’s natural and cultural values while adding to our understanding of those values. They are providing an opportunity for visitors to play an active role in conserving those values for the future and demonstrating that they can also be commercially attractive.
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The right approach can cultivate best practice in tourism standards Australia’s National Landscapes provides an incentive for improving standards of performance among nature tourism operators and ensures that product promoted is contributing positively towards conservation outcomes and protecting the natural and cultural values in the area in which they operate. In order for a product to qualify as a National Landscapes Signature Product, operators must demonstrate that the product meets a high benchmark of excellence in ecological standards of performance (operators must become certified under an endorsed eco-certification program or demonstrate how they meet specific conservation criteria). Operators who have attained this level of excellence qualify for promotion through Tourism Australia’s digital, social and public relations channels. More than 200 products now meet this standard.
Establishment of plot rendering
Plot rendering is based on a strong partnership between a municipality, the association of farmers in the county (or pastoral Group) and the Pyrenees National Park. The town, which owns the land, extends and provides the plot. The Pastoral Group is responsible for the plot. It supplies the plot with dead carcasses naturally in its operations, and cleans it regularly. The Pyrenees National Park follows the population of vultures, initiated the project, and technically and financially supports the development of the plot.
The ongoing dialogue between all partners (community, pastoralists, government agencies and National Park) has clarified the need for health monitoring and identified constraints to take into account when planning the plot. The establishment of this plot, accepted by all partners and managed efficiently, took nine months of negotiations. French regulations strongly regulate the fate of animal carcasses. One key to the success of this project lies in the support of the state and taking into account the population of vultures in this area.
The local context of interactions between livestock and vultures was complicated, with several complaints about interventions of vultures with livestock. The 9 months of project development have highlighted the fact that it is essential to rely on an existing group. It would have been unrealistic to create the breeders’ association to manage the plot rendering. This is the first plot in France managed by a group of farmers. The plots are highly regulated (type and quantity of deposits, health monitoring ...), and collective responsibility can be cause for concern. In this case, although adjustments were necessary, the empowerment of actors has been a success. The last lesson of the project was the strong involvement of the community, the services of the State and National Park, otherwise the project would not have succeeded.