Monitoring | PANORAMA

Desarrollo de metodología acorde al cultivo

Doble malla para recolección de frutos

Maria Juliana Montenegro Calvo

Es importante contar con una metodología que responda a las características y comportamiento del cultivo. Que permita establecer lotes, transeptos, árboles -ver BB 3- y tratamientos para la evaluación del efecto del servicio de polinización de manera objetiva. En el caso del marañón, se establecieron dos montajes por árbol: 1) Control absoluto: exclusión total de polinizadores con mallas que encierran las ramas seleccionadas, 2) Polinización: ramas marcadas y totalmente descubiertas. Al finalizar el periodo de floración y posterior fructificación, se comparan las diferencias entre los dos montajes para a) porcentaje (%) de cuajado de frutos, b) tamaño y peso de la manzana, c) tamaño y peso de la nuez, d) tamaño y peso de la almendra.

Es indispensable tener personal en campo que diariamente pueda trabajar en el cultivo. Ellas/os son quienes mejor capacitados deben estar en cuanto al estudio, sus objetivos y metodologías. Se recomienda hacer un acercamiento con los vecinos de los predios para asegurarse que posibles aplicaciones químicas no vayan a interrumpir con el estudio y generar alta mortandad de abejas. -ver BB1-

La metodología debe ser adaptada a las necesidades de cada cultivo. Por eso es importante conocer muy bien los tiempos y formas de cosecha establecidos. En marañón por ejemplo tuvimos que enmallar una rama adicional -después de estar expuesta a los polinizadores- para que los frutos formados no cayeran al suelo confundiéndose con los demás. Como en este cultivo lo que se aprovecha es la nuez y no el pseudofruto, se deja que estos caigan al suelo y después se recogen manualmente. Que los frutos se mezclaran en el suelo habría ocasionado una sobrestimación de producción.

Implementation

Monitoring

Local

Estandarización de variables para muestreos

Montaje en lote

Maria Juliana Montenegro Calvo

Al momento de realizar ensayos en campo, se busca que los cultivos a evaluar tengan la mayor similitud para que los resultados sean más precisos. Por eso la distancia a centro urbano, la distancia a bosque nativo, la cercanía a fuentes hídricas, la variedad clonal y la edad de los árboles son variables que se deben considerar al momento de seleccionar las fincas. Así como la selección de colmenas con reina de buena postura y con alto interés de pecoreo (conducta de abejas obreras para salir a recolectar polen y néctar de las flores).

El interés y participación de los productores de marañón es fundamental para seleccionar los predios idóneos para el estudio. También es importante tener claridad de las edades y variedades clonales, así como estudios de suelo. Contar con un histórico de producción anual en el predio es un dato relevante.

No consideramos la calidad de los distintos suelos, razón por la cual no era correcto atribuir el aumento de producción entre lotes/predios exclusivamente a la visita de abejas gestionadas. Condiciones edafoclimáticas pueden también influir en la productividad de marañón.

También sería importante realizar en lo posible el estudio en un área aislada. De esta forma se controla mejor que las colmenas gestionadas efectivamente están visitando en mayor proporción el cultivo objetivo.

Implementation

Monitoring

Local

Desarrollo de capacidades en la comunidad local

Capacitación en Los Amores

Maria Juliana Montenegro Calvo

Práctica de laboratorio

Maria Juliana Montenegro Calvo

Es importante que las personas involucradas entiendan los principios de la polinización; ¿qué es la polinización gestionada?, ¿qué implica?, ¿cuáles son los posibles riesgos y los resultados esperados? Para esto se realizaron una serie de capacitaciones.

El nivel de apropiación e interés en el proyecto es un factor determinante para su desarrollo y continuidad. Toda la información es valiosa y las partes involucradas deberían tener claridad desde lo que es un calendario floral y las características de floración del cultivo, hasta la estructura y funcionalidad de la abeja. Asumir que las personas ya cuentan con cierto conocimiento puede generar accidentes o resultados poco satisfactorios en la polinización gestionada.

Se requiere la disposición de la comunidad local a aprender y participar. También una persona o grupo de personas expertas no solo en apicultura y polinización sino también con la destreza de enseñar y llegar a múltiples públicos. El espacio en que se realizan las capacitaciones debe tener buena acústica, sombra y ventilación.

Es bueno concertar los días y horarios de las sesiones de capacitación con la comunidad para que no interfieran con sus labores diarias. El material audiovisual debe ser muy claro y concreto con alto uso de ilustraciones. La mejor forma de aprender es haciendo, por eso sesiones prácticas en campo y laboratorio son las que la comunidad más aprovecha y recuerda.

Implementation

Monitoring

Documentation and dissemination of results

Local

Protect biogenetic resources and related traditional knowledge

The protection for wild genetic resources has been formalized, and 20 protection sites for chrysantha have been constructed; guidance is provided for demonstration enterprises to expand the nursery of Siraitia grosvenorii and Camellia nitidissima, which cover an area of 2,000 square metres and 500 square metres respectively.

The project helped to increase the area allocated for growing seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii and Camellia nitidissima genetic resources, and planted Camellia nitidissima in the wild.

Reducing the utilization of wild resources is key to project success.

Conduct a baseline survey on biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge

The project team investigated, collected, and summarized the protection, development, utilization, and benefit-sharing of 30 exemplar genetic resources in Guangxi, carried out case investigations and research on the development and utilization of traditional knowledge related to genetic resources of five ethnic minorities in Guangxi Zhuang, including Zhuang, Yao, Maonan, Mulao and Jing ethnic groups.

The establishment of a database for biogenetic resources and their related traditional knowledge in Guangxi, together with the Survey on the Status Quo of Biogenetic Resources and Their Development and Utilization in Guangxi and the Management Requirements, Guangxi Traditional Knowledge Case Study Report and Guangxi Traditional Knowledge Cataloging Report.

The provision of scientific guidance is required for the proper protection, development, utilization and sharing of biogenetic resources in Guangxi.

Improve the construction of the access and benefit-sharing system for biogenetic resources

Guangxi establishes a cross-sectoral coordination and cooperation mechanism and a stakeholder coordination mechanism. A management mechanism for access and benefit sharing of biogenetic resources is established under the comprehensive governance of the department in charge of ecology and environment and the supervision of the departments related to development and reform, agriculture and rural areas, forestry, etc. The project management is carried out at the provincial, municipal, and county levels so joint efforts can be made in ensuring the access and benefit-sharing of biological heritage resources.

Experts from 31 universities, research institutes, and other relevant units, such as Minzu University of China, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Guangxi University, were hired to form a provincial technical expert team to provide consultation and technical support for the access and benefit-sharing of biogenetic resources in Guangxi.

It is necessary to improve the construction of the access and benefit-sharing system for biogenetic resources.

Documentation and dissemination of results

Local

Subnational

National

Pre-action monitoring

Monitoring session at the pools

Photo by Leonardo Vignoli

Pre-action monitoring activity is needed to define the baseline and quantify the impact of the distinct tasks of the project on the conservation status of the targeted species. In our case, the two study populations were monitored by capture-mark-recapture method from 2005 to 2013. We assessed a population size of 18 individuals (nine per deme) that remained stable with only three new individuals entering the population in nine years of monitoring. Each site consisted of one or two small ephemeral pools where the toads spawned from late March to late September

Pre-action monitoring should be defined prior the begining of the project. Monitoring must consist of standardized methodologies (i.e. same effort and approach), thus enabling replicability along time and space, that allow a quantification of selected metric that in turn allows to quantify the impact of the concrete conservation actions

Our pre-action monitoring was performed by the same staff during the entire course of the of project. This means same effort and efficiency and reduces the inconsistencies among samplings and years.

Monitoring

Local

Team determination

Some team members

Tengeneza Generaration

Our work involves self-motivation and self-financing. TEG team determination to support the conservation of biodiversity and empowerment of youth living adjacent to nature reserves includes organizing online exhibitions and online behaviour change campaigns. With or without external support, TEG staff have volunteerly engaged with donors, government officials, and communities in designing the program, fundraising, and implementing it.

TEG founders and Alumni internal support in skills development trainings, in conducting baseline surveys and reflections on issues relating to conservation, in connecting with stakeholders, and financing of some of the activities.

As a youth organization we have been growing by first willing to invest in ourselves, in our credibility and capability before attaching donors and partners. TEG Team and TEG alumni’s determination was our only asset to do that.

Documentation and dissemination of results

Video Capturing and Fish Recognition Module

Camera recording

Berlevåg Jeger- og fiskerforening (BJFF)

With underwater HD cameras deployed in the rivers, the video streams are fed to an edge device. The edge devices are physically close to the rivers, with the benefit of reduced latency. A highly optimized AI inference software is implemented for real-time fish recognition.

By presenting the AI module with tens of thousands of labeled pictures, the algorithm quickly comes up to desired level of accuracy. As more and more species of fish passes through the system, the algorithm learns even more and becomes better and better

Having the edge device close to the sorting mechanism proves to be highly efficient. Currently the species of fish is recognized by the algorithm within 8 milliseconds. Different light and background colors impact the capabilities of fish recognition. Light colored background, but not completely white proves to be best. Midnight sun has a positive effect, making the recognition able to run 24/7

Implementation

Monitoring

Local

An economically viable Nature-based Solution

A cost effectiveness assessment of the planned intervention and an options appraisal was undertaken during the planning phase. The proposed options were assessed on their costs and benefits, technical viability and environmental outcomes. This allowed for comparison of alternatives and selection of the solution that would provide the greatest environmental, social and economic benefits. Economic benefits derived from the Nature-based Solution, include around GBP 91.7 in economic benefits (including GBP 13.5 million in environmental benefits). The coastal realignment contributed to the protection of more than 300 residential and commercial properties as well as infrastructure. An estimated 22,000 people visit the area annually supporting the local economy.

The availability of baseline data, time for thorough planning and gaining the support from the local community affected by the intervention for the chosen option were all essential. Local community support was particularly critical to ensure acceptance of the proposed solution as well as to ensure its long-term success.

Understanding the options available to make an informed and evidence-based decision on the most viable option was a key success factor. While not considered at the start of the intervention, local businesses turned out to benefit substantially from the increased attractiveness of the area for recreational and touristic purposes. Thus, highlighting the socio-economic benefits for the local community can further generate support for a Nature-based Solution project.