In »jungle tours«, tourists are guided through the channels of the mangrove forest by boat. The trip includes environmental education and allows visitors to experience the interconnectedness of adjacent ecosystems such as mangroves and coral reefs.

Networking and linking up with other organisations to support fishers’ initiatives.

The Israel Marine Plan’s basic approach emphasizes that the marine space is essentially (ultimately) public. It aspires to view the different interests of all the stakeholders fairly and guarantee the provision of its ecosystem services over time. Through its goals, the plan offers way for informed and responsible management of the sea, applying an overall ecological approach. It aims to develop marine knowledge, to improve public awareness of what exists in the marine space, and to shape the way it is depicted spatially. Stakeholders are actively involved in the planning process and accompanied by local and international professional scientific advisory committees. The planning process is supported by the use of the interactive GIS tool that helps to visualize resource use, potential conflicts, and management scenarios and thus enables comprehensive planning.

Marine turtles, coral reefs and the pelagic ecosystem have been the conservation targets prioritized in Gorgona NP. The corresponding adaptation measures are being implemented, always taking into account local stakeholders’ participation, encouraging a capacity building process for the PA staff and providing the best information about a changing environment including possible scenarios for the area. Because adaptation strategies are integrated as part of the pre-existing management strategies of the PA, they are also in the “loop” of monitoring and effectiveness assessment.

Stakeholders (fishers, surveillance, MPA managers, processor of seafood, NGOs) are trained to respond to accidental capture.

After the first full year of data gathering, Trident Systems, the company that developed the observation tool, was asked to produce data sets based on the SNA1 Agreement including how many vessels moved on because they were catching undersized snapper and what volumes of small snapper were being caught by each fishing method. Specific information is confidential to each fisher, but an overall analysis is made public. This is the first time in New Zealand that inshore fin fishers can see the effect of their fishing practices on collective industry catching allocations. They start to recognize how they personally can contribute to sustainability of the snapper stock by changing their practices. New Zealand fisheries are data rich yet it is rarely used to build awareness and facilitate discussions between fishers to bring about change. Fishers involved in science projects are keener to understand the results of the work, are reviewing data and asking questions in a way that scientists are not used to. This review process is challenging and most often face-to-face. Scientists are reporting data to other scientists, but they are also bringing together fishers and providing advice and learnings on how to change fishing practices.

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are vital components of every Pride campaign, without which assessment of the effectiveness of the intervention cannot be conducted. M&E takes place in every component of the Theory of Change (please refer to the building block 'Theory of Change' for a brief description of each component). Monitoring keeps score on how effectively capacities are built, how effectively social marketing efforts lead to changes in behavior, and if those behavior changes lead to desired conservation outcomes. Monitoring basically tracks every component of the ToC. M&E of knowledge, attitude, interpersonal communications and behavior change is based on pre and post campaign surveys of the fishers, while threat reduction and conservation results use specific protocols validated by experts.

The tourism operators and park rangers are required to collect data on biophysical and economic indicators to ensure that the limits are not surpassed. This data therefore also allows adapting management actions in the park. Economic indicators measure income per each activity, employers generated and willingness to pay (tourist).

The community group identified in building block 2 together with a selection of village leaders is trained in bylaw formulation and implementation. Topics covered in the training include government structures in Tanzania and types of laws and regulations; concept and fundamentals of local government; management of natural resources at village level; Tanzania legislation related to waste management; meaning of bylaws; regulations that guide formulation of bylaws; process of local bylaw formulation; approval of formulated bylaws at district level; and implementation of approved bylaws (including opportunities and challenges). The training process enables the group to conduct a detailed analysis of the current status of waste management in their communities and understand the expected impact of poor waste management if it is not well considered in the bylaws. Understanding the process of bylaw formulation and approval also helps participants to recognize the existing management and administrative gaps between the district council, village council and community members so that an effective strategy can be put together to address the gaps and build a strong co-management approach.

The ASDA GIS (Asda = platform in Hebrew) tool for marine spatial planning supports existing layers of information as well as the products of the ongoing planning process in an inclusive, flexible, visual, transparent, and participatory way. It allows experts and professional stakeholders from different disciplines to cross-reference and analyze data, respond and participate interactively, hold dialogue, and exchange spatial and textual ideas and opinions relating to planning the marine space. This tool serves all participants and showcases the plan’s products at its various stages. It provides solutions in three areas of activity: planning, participation, and management. The planning component is designed for professional experts and advisors from different disciplines, enabling group dialogue among experts & flexible and visual exchange of information and ideas regarding marine spatial planning; the participation component is designed for the general public & stakeholders, enabling observation of & reaction to the marine spatial plan’s work products; the management component is designed for decision makers at various levels, enabling spatial and statistical analyses as well as information-based reviews of development scenarios.