Strengthening the community internal capacity to constitute as park managers

In order to be prepared for taking the responsibility of the management of the National Park, the community required to build capacities on legal, administrative and technical aspects. This approach also considered the capacity building of local park rangers, in charge of transmitting, promoting and safeguarding their heritage's cultural value. Ma’u Henua has become a space where diverse fields of technical academic specialization and local experts could develop their activities in a complementary and joint manner. This is one of the most important spaces for the application of cultural and technical methodologies that dialogue with the tangible and intangible heritage context.

  • The process of institutionalization of the Indigenous institution allowed the community members to get involved and learn about administration, developing new skills and reinforcing their knowledge.
  • Youth educated in the mainland was willing to engage in the management of the protected area and return to live in the island.
  • Creation of opportunities in the island and national policies for community development.
  • Agreement with the CONAF and the Ministry of Culture and Arts.
  • Rich local knowledge among Rapa Nui community members. 

(1) The island provides work opportunities on park management, tourist services, and other monitoring activities. These opportunities empower youth which recognize and learn about their culture and heritage, re-learn to appreciate it and protect it. World recognition of its value supports intergenerational transmission. 

(2) Importance of involving elders to pass on knowledge to youth. Citizen participation is essential for management and there is potential of capitalization on local knowledge.

(3) Permitting the locals to engage in park ranger roles produce jobs in the island, allowing the use of the knowledge of the Rapa Nui community to communicate the values of the island and to better monitor their conservation. 

(4) Establishment of culturally safe protocols and respectful alliances between the Ma’u Henua and State institutions for unifying criteria for heritage protection.

(5) Elaboration and implementation of an administrative structure that establishes procedures and protocols.

Creation of the Multi-Stakeholder Partnership

In the Dominican Republic, coral reef restoration became a popular alternative to try to safeguard this ecosystems. At the beginning, it started to grow rapidly lacking control and causing many nurseries to become abandoned. This concern triggered the creation of the Dominican Coastal Restoration Consortium (CDRC), a Multi-Stakeholder Partnership that works with along with the Ministry of Environment monitoring coral nurseries all over the country and leading the  nursery evaluations, as well as steering the restoration initiatives in the DR. 

  • Existing interest of several local organizations in getting thigs done the right way, without harming the environment. 
  • Willingness of local organizations and authorities to share knowledge and expertise.
  • The need of structure and a nation wide platform to coordinate and regulate coral reef restoration activities. 

 

  1. A common goal for the stakeholders must be identified, so that everyone benefits from the partnership and it will always be a win-win situation. 
  2. Specific roles and capabilities must be defined from the beginning. 
  3. Formal agreements must be prepared in time so that the implementation of the activities is not delayed. 
  4. Definition of a functional steering structure for the partnership is a must at the beginning. 
Established the sound management mechanism and working mode

The Guizhou Provincial Government attached great importance to the implementation of the "River Chief System" and established a sound management mechanism. Scientifically and reasonably integrated and distributed the powers, responsibilities and performance evaluation of water-related departments. Innovatively established a five-level “River chief System” and a four-level "Double River Chief System", set up an independent office, held joint meetings, and implemented multi-departmental comprehensive management, etc. Via segmented supervision, management, assessment, and accountability, integrated the execution of local governments at all levels. By the end of 2017, the establishment of the management mechanism of “River Chief System” was basically completed. Since 2018, the Huangguoshu Scenic Area management agency has been responding to the government’s request, using a systematic and comprehensive mode to strengthen overall coordination among departments and industries, and to restore and manage the ecological environment of water resources.

 

In addition, the hiring of Non-governmental River Chief has promoted the public especially the local communities and indigenous people to participate, so that the government and the public form a good working mode.

  1. Adhere to the systematic and comprehensive working mode, forming an effective cooperation mechanism between governments and publication.
  2.  Ensure that each river is contracted to an individual River Chief, with its own record files, to achieve “one river, one file”.
  3. Make breakthroughs and innovations according to local conditions, and persist in the problem orientation based on the general goals.
  4.  Held regular meetings to summarize experience.
  5. Form a special plan for popularizing science education to encourage public participation.
  1. Fulfill the special funds: Huangguoshu Scenic Area shall carry out fruitful experiments and explorations to provide financial support for promoting the "River Chief System", such as setting up a River Chief reward funding system, introducing social capital investment, promoting the ecological compensation mechanism, expanding the channels for obtaining special funds by market-based means, developing green credit business, etc.
  2. Strengthen education and publicity to encourage the public to participate more: Local governments at all levels need to further develop and expand the water conservation team by recruiting non-governmental voluntary river supervisors, and hiring river cleaners. The "River Chief System" management mechanism shall basically achieve a sound development, featuring full coverage of the river basin, smooth operation mechanism, and coordinate advancement of multiple subjects.
  3. Be more proactive: River Chief shall transition from compulsory "responsibility contract" to consciously performing duties to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the river chief system.
Authoritative Geodata and Map Services

The foundation of any SeaSketch project is geospatial information (maps) displayed as map services. There are no minimum data requirements. You can begin working with whatever you've got. Maps may be published as Esri REST Services (e.g., with ArcGIS Server or ArcGIS online) and open source mapping services (e.g., WMS, WMTS) and then imported into SeaSketch. Example maps include administrative boundaries (e.g., EEZ, territorial sea, existing MPAs), seafloor habitats, bathymetry, human uses, etc.

 

The maps you choose to include as Data Layers in SeaSketch depend on the goals of your process. If you are planning for marine protected areas, shipping lanes and aquaculture sites, you may want navigational charts, habitat maps, the distribution of fishing activities and other layers that may be used to guide users in the design of their plans. Protected areas are only meaningful if they effectively protect certain habitats, shipping lanes minimize collision and maximize efficiency, aquaculture sites are located in certain depth zones, etc. On a case-by-case basis, you will need to evaluate what data need to be viewed as maps, and what subset of these data need to be analysed.

 

In some cases, relevant map data may already be published as map services and discoverable in coastal atlases and other map portals. As long as they are in the correct formats (Esri map services, WMS, WMTS, etc), they may be imported directly into SeaSketch and displayed as map layers. 
 

In many cases, it will be advantageous to publish your own map services for display in SeaSketch. This will give you control over the cartography and performance of the maps.

Successful projects usually have a single GIS technician who is responsible for locating existing map services, acquiring data from providers (government agencies, NGOs, academics) and generating new map services using standard desktop and web-mapping tools. 

SeaSketch Software as a Service

In most cases, SeaSketch is used to support large-scale planning efforts where governments have mandated the establishment of a marine spatial plan and where broad stakeholder involvement is essential. In these cases, SeaSketch must be licensed by a lead agency or partner. SeaSketch may be used to visualize geospatial data as map services, collect to information via surveys, sketch and discuss plans. If plans are to be evaluated using analytics, geoprocessing services and reports must be developed in our lab. Note that a free license is available for educational institutions to use SeaSketch for strictly educational purposes.

 

In January 2022, we will release the next version of SeaSketch which will be entirely free and open source. Just as with the current version, many of the features within SeaSketch may be configured with minimal knowledge of or experience with GIS. The analytics and reports will be run on lambda and encoded using programming languages such as Javascript. Owners of projects may, therefore, set up their own SeaSketch project – from beginning to end – without intervention from our lab. It should be noted, however, that the geoprocessing and reporting framework, though free and open source, will require significant programming experience.

Currently the implementing agency (such as a government body, foundation or NGO) must purchase the license and contract for developing analytics. The current version requires an Internet connection, but the next version will include some offline capabilities. Successful implementation of SeaSketch will require some assistance from a GIS technician, for example publishing and importing map services. 

SeaSketch is extremely valuable in creating a transparent and collaborative atmosphere, maximizing stakeholder participation, and grounding decisions in science-based information. We see the best results when SeaSketch is used in combination with other tools such as desktop GIS applications, trade-off analyses, prioritization tools (e.g., Marxan, Prioritizr), and cumulative impact analyses. 

Partnership strengthens stakeholder linkages for Sustainable Growth

Partnerships with KMFRI and other relevant county departments have enabled the proposal development by the association to be review regularly and more effectively in order to submit a clear and non-ambiguous proposal to the World Bank and other funders. Handholding by partner agencies such as KMFRI, WWF, National Bank, Base Titanium, etc. has been essential in enhancing the knowledge on tendering, procurement of construction material, furniture and equipment.

  • Recognition that the project is addressing the need of the entire community.
  • Presence and participation of stakeholders from various sectors is providing effective technical knowledge and know how, as well as opening career opportunities for the youth.
  • Participation of community members in the activities of various stakeholders is creating job opportunities.

 

  • Appropriate timing for engagement of the local communities is crucial for success – the day, place and time of engagement must be agreeable to all otherwise the partnership will be skewed and might appear to be imposed.
  • Respecting and appreciating community culture and traditions is critical for smooth implementation of project activities e.g. ceasing to work during prayer time, or rescheduling to attend meetings (Known as Baraza) hosted by area Chief or Government representatives.
  • Culture of saving part of the income earned from daily activities is possible through discipline and good planning.
  • Antagonizing the community against fellow partner agencies should be avoided at all time.
  • All partner agencies working with the communities must stick to their roles and responsibilities at all time.
  • Sustainability of the community project is the most crucial aspect that will ensure the project doesn’t collapse once the champions exit or move on. New members must therefore be recruited constantly and trained on the ideals of the project through an internship programme.
Resources for decision making

A key component of the Soqotra Heritage Project is the ability to access information about the heritage of Soqotra to allow for decision-making. This was realized by incorporating all documented tangible and intangible heritage in the Soqotra Heritage Database implemented through the Arches Project. Although maintained externally, and although internet connections on Soqotra prevent access to such resources in any meaningful way, the local team have access to all information through the Arches Collector App which can be used to visualize information, and also to collect and add information in the field.

Updates can be verified and enabled at regular meetings at the Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage until a sustainable internet provision is enabled on Soqotra.

This has allowed stakeholders on Soqotra to access information for planning purposes, and to raise awareness with stakeholders about the importance of considering heritage components in development activities.

The building block required adequate provision and maintenance of the central database at a secure location as well as the ability to regularly update and access information.

Online solutions are not appropriate for Soqotra while the internet connections and availability is unsustainable and of low quality. This applies to ALL sustainable solutions on Soqotra and is not confined to heritage programmes.

Provision of an offline App is the first step, but requires routine updates that can only be accomplished at the expense of international travel and availability of flights.

Multidisciplinary partnership of the Soqotra Heritage Project

The Soqotra Heritage Project is a coordinated by the Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (part of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh) in cooperation with the Freie Universität Berlin, the Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage (ARC-WH), the Senckenburg Research Institute, the Soqotra Culture and Heritage Association, the Yemeni Environmental Protection Authority, the General Organisation for Antiquities and Museums (GOAM), Carey Tourism (sustainable tourism partner) and Stories as Change (production of visual storytelling and project' films). Additionally, the project benefits from the initial support of the UK Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport through the British Council Cultural Protection Fund. Further funds are being acquired for follow on programmes.

The key element of the partnership established for the Soqotra Heritage Project is its interdisciplinary character that brings together different experiences in the field of cultural and natural heritage conservation, including the intangible cultural heritage of Soqotri communities.

The partnership is a fundamental element of the project, which through its interdisciplinary character seeks to enhance the biodiversity focus through increasing knowledge about the not yet fully explored cultural heritage of the Soqotra Archipelago.

The Soqotra Heritage Project is possible through the financial support of the UK Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport and the British Council received through the Cultural Protection Fund, with subsequent funds about to be implemented.

Planning and communication have been key components in the success of the project activities. Furthermore, having an ARC-WH staff member on-site who is part of the local community with the necessary indigenous language skills tremendously facilitated the successful implementation of the project.

The element of multidisciplinary partnership is the backbone for the implementation of the Soqotra Heritage Project. Bringing together institutions and organisations with different foci and experiences in the fields of cultural and natural heritage conservation, including the intangible cultural heritage has been of key importance for the successful implementation of the project.

Having ARC-WH’s Project Coordinator for Socotra on-site, facilitating and able to communicate in the local Indigenous language has allowed for a more effective communication with the participants in the project and local Soqotri.

Lastly, the simplification of the project management process has made the implementation of the project more straightforward. The multidisciplinary partnership has been based on agreed roles and responsibilities which were established at the beginning of the project.

Capacity building on financial management

Committee members were trained on book-keeping, basic audit process, budget planning and selection of tenders for constructions. Using partners such as the National Bank of Kenya (NBK) to train new committee members and regularly provide refresher courses for existing members has been essential to enable the Bank to grow more independently, save cost, and retain modern banking operations. Youth, especially local students, were involved to assist in drafting proposal writing and record keeping, applying what they learn at school.

 

The Association members were trained on writing and submitting applications for World Bank funding through HMP, which is critical for future funding or to obtain development loans. They also learned to develop their Strategic Plan 2018-2022. This strategic planning has enabled the Association to have clear focus of where they want to go. Although., there is need to start developing a new Strategic Plan for the next cycle, where partners including Base Titanium, relevant County Government department and NGOs operating in the area can be mobilised to assist in the process.

  • Capacity building and infrastructure support has been provided by partners.
  • The need to have a local bank nearby in order to reduce the cost of travelling long distance for banking.
  • Opportunity is being created for local students and youth to appreciate banking as a profession and to consider it as a career in the future.
  • Obtaining loans no longer require a laborious process with long distance travel to a major town such as Kwale or Mombasa.
  • The County Government can now channel funds more effectively and fast to the local Community Cased Organizations via KKCSA.
  • Training of Trainers - Use locally built capacity to train others and replicate projects in the neighbouring communities.
  • When trainers emerge from among the community following effective capacity building campaigns, they are appreciated locally and emulated easily.
  • Knowledge learnt in various aspects of financial management and banking opens up new career possibilities for the young, which were previously obscure such as book keeping, of foreign such as Information Communication Technology (ICT).
  • Locally nurtured capacity through training of trainers is more effective because the lessons can also be conducted in the local language.
Mobilizing Community Members through Local Leaders

Kinondo community recognised the need and importance of coalescing around a common vision in order to attain self reliance and improve their livelihood. They realised that while it is important to retain a strong leadership in the top management of the Bank, it is necessary to rotate members of the Committee regularly to enable members to introduce new ideas.  The opportunity is available for any capable individual to join the leadership committee. This is done democratically by holding regular elections. In order for the bank to thrive, Committee members are encouraged to create awareness and to encourage local people and those from the wider Msambweni Ward to join KKCSA to save and obtain loans and related services.

  • Community share common values in culture, faith and tradition, and they are also affected by similar challenges.
  • Goodwill from the community living in Msambweni Ward and its neighbourhood.
  • Community engagement and empowerment.
  • Bank covers multiple needs for all categories of the local people.
  • Limited inclusion and involvement of political sentiments.
  • Knowledge of the local languages, culture and tradition is crucial for implementing processes.
  • Delay in approval processes is caused by limited number of experts from relevant departments in the County and National government.
  • Inclusion of the community project in the annual County Integrated Development Plans (CIPD) contributes substantially in ensuring project sustainability.