Managing Scheilg Michíl as an evolved cultural landscape

The landscape setting of Scelig Michíl are vital components for the conservation and protection of the Outstanding Universal Value of the site, for this reason the site of Scelig Michíl is not managed separately as an archaeological site and a natural protected areas but it is managed as an evolved cultural landscape made of cultural and natural values that have been shaped over more than 1300 years of history.

The management of the site requires a careful balancing between natural, cultural and socio-economic values; and the use of the place. The management strategy looks not only at the conservation of the built heritage and the physical fabric of the site but also at the conservation and enhancement of the setting of the place through cooperation among cultural and environmental bodies (institutional, governmental and non-governmental).

The conservation of the cultural attributes of the site requires to consider an overarching set of possible challenges of geological, environmental, cultural but also climatic nature.  Additionally, the conservation of the setting of the landscape and the way in which the place is experiences is further enhanced by the limited accessibility to the island, which is required for reasons of security, carrying capacity and for the adequate conservation of bird breeding grounds.

The management strategy is enabled by the recognition of Scelig Michíl as a cultural landscape created by the interaction between humans and this extraordinary sea- and landscape.

The management plan has been developed and is being implemented through a consensus-based committee led by the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Geltacht (DCHG) and comprising experts from the Office of Public Works (OPW), the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), the National Monument Service (NMS).

The work towards the management of Scelig Michíl as a cultural landscape considering both natural and cultural values has been a work in progress that has built on the experience made in the past five decades of management and conservation of the place.

This conservation approach requires a thorough cooperation and coordination among natural and cultural institutional and governmental bodies, the values of the site have to be adequately shared and understood to allow for decision to be taken with the consensus of all relevant stakeholders.

Identification and consideration of both natural and cultural values for the management of Sceilg Michíl

Scelig Michíl was inscribed on the World Heritage list for its unique cultural values as a striking early example of remote monasticism.  In the management of this site, the significance identified in the OUV is complemented with a deeper understanding of the the interconnected nature-culture significance of the site and management and conservation decisions are met also considering natural, intangible and socio-economic values. In order to fully understand significance of Scelig Michíl as a cultural landscape and as an example of early remote monasticism, there is the need to acknowledge and consider the intrinsic natural values of the place and its role as a striking setting for this monastic archaeological site.

The management plan has committed to further explore the natural heritage of the island, which is internationally recognised and protected as a Special Protection Area and a Nature Reserve, looking at further strengthening the cooperate on between the site management team, the National Parks and Wildlife Service. This includes the preparation of adequate assessment when maintenance and conservation works are planned for the archaeological remains on the island and the inclusion of site-specific conservation objectives and counts for the bird and floral species on the island.

The management plan 2020-2030 builds on the experience and lessons learned from the previous cycle of management planning (2008-2018) and the long experience and involvement of key stakeholders in the management and conservation of this site.

The building block is further supported by the existing cooperation between cultural and national agencies at the national and local level (from the national ministries to Kerry County Council).

The conservation of the World Heritage Status and the Special Protected Areas requires a comprehensive understanding of the multi-layered significance of Scelig Michíl as a bird breeding ground, as a biodiversity area and as an archaeological site.

In order to fully understand the significance of Scelig Michíl as a unique example of remote monasticism, one needs to fully understand the spectrum of values that build the significance of the site from both a cultural and natural per perspective. Additionally, the long-terms conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of is directly dependent with the conservation of the natural environment of Great Skellig and the Skellig SPA.

Research/Risks and Gaps Analysis

The research that Ecotrust and the Kiiha partnership undertook was quintessential in understanding the context they were operating in and the risks that the company faced, which allowed them to frame their business engagement approach, argument, strategy and actions more efficiently.

  • Knowledge about the context in which the company operates
  • Work with various stakeholders to retrieve the necessary data

Preliminary, thorough research helps to better define a business engagement approach for efficient impact: knowing which strategy will produce the desired effect.  Research and subsequent results, can be powerful tools to demonstrate a company’s impacts and dependencies on nature, and the necessity to broaden its biodiversity actions beyond their initial target area of intervention, especially if this research considers dialogue highlights and issues.

A conducive environment

The Kiiha partnership initiated by the Ugandan Directorate of Water Resources Management, which gathered the department, GIZ, Kinyara, and Ecotrust, helped to create a dialogue platform that fostered research. This in turn helped inform discussions, recommendations and solutions to address sustainability risks to sugarcane production and development while considering different needs and perspectives. The partnership also helped Ecotrust engage more easily with Kinyara. In addition, the Kiiha Catchment Management Plan provides an obligation and roadmap for businesses in the target area to ensure that their practices are sustainable, and allows for further potential collaboration between civil society and business.

  • Parties willing to engage in dialogue and expand their knowledge on biodiversity issues and solutions, and consider other stakeholders’ needs and perspectives
  • Trust-building between the various parties

Dialogue helps to consider various needs and perspectives, and raise questions and issues that can better guide research, which in turn can demonstrate need for action. 

Indigenous people’s representative at the World Heritage Management Board

The World Heritage Management Board was established in 2012 and is composed of 8 members representing the main stakeholder groups in the World Heritage property: 5 mayors of the 5 municipalities - Røros, Tolga, Holtålen, Engerdal and Os-, 1 representative for each of the 2 counties - Trøndelag and Innlandet (regional level)- and 1 representative of the Sámi Parliament. The chair holds the role for 2 years and can be re-elected. The World Heritage coordinator acts as the Secretary of the board. Besides, there are 6 observers: the Director of Destination Røros, the Director of the Røros museum, the Director of Nord-Østerdal Museum (3 municipalities), the Director of Røros Municipality, the Cultural Heritage manager of Røros and the site manager of the Femundsmarka National Park who represents both national parks and the governors of the 2 counties. The board has regular meetings (4-5 times a year) and excursions where they process cases proposed by the coordinator, by the members themselves and by other stakeholders. The management plan, budget, new proposals to strengthen the values in the site, national and international collaboration and hearings of different suggestions from the directorates and departments are discussed. The decisions are taken by consensus.

The Femundsmarka National Park, located within the Circumference area, counted with a representative of the Sámi Parliament in their own board. This was a model for the World Heritage Management Board. Besides, in 2018, Røros municipality became a management area for Sami language, which also reinforces the importance of the representation of Sámi people in the decision-making processes of the World Heritage site.

1) The selection of the Sámi representative is done by the Sámi Parliament. This  is important to strengthen the authority and the links to the parliament.   

2) The participation of a Sámi representative in the board has influenced in how the new World Heritage  management plan is more inclusive of Sámi culture. This is supported by the administration and the politicians  in the counties, in the municipalities and in the museums  who were very aware of the question about how the Sámi culture should be featured in the current process around the management plan. 

3) The Sámi representative has become a focal point for Sámi questions.

Partnering between state, market and civil society (Intersectoral coordination)

CBR management consists of the coordination and use of locally available instruments, human resources and financial resources. It requires to consider shared benefits and responsibilities in natural resource management of agriculture, forestry, fishery, science, involving local and national authorities and the international community. The intersectoral coordination consists of bringing actors from the state and civil society together to achieve a mutual understanding on an issue and negotiate and implement mutually agreeable plans for tackling the issue once it is identified. For this, top-down and bottom-up approaches can be combined. The management board is composed by provincial departments of agriculture and rural development, natural resources and environment, culture and tourism, and science and technology. These departments are under guidelines from Central Government, especially regulations applied for core zones, i.e. top-down approach. Besides, there are associations including farmers, women, youth, business enterprises, private sector participating in the management board and decision-making process, i.e. bottom-up approach. The leader is the provincial authority chaired by the vice-chairman of the People's Committee.

 

International designation as a Biosphere Reserve.

In tackling development problems, intersectional coordination is a strategy that optimizes the respective strengths of different sectors while limiting the impact of their individual weaknesses.

Honouring the wisdom, vision, and ki ki no mah gay win (teachings) of the Elders to guide use of the land and respectful relations between each other and with the land

Elders and others with land-based knowledge (ki ki no mah gay win) are important for their role in guiding decision-making in personal, family and community matters related to use of the land. Knowledgeable Elders are respected for their role in ensuring continuity of Ji-ganawendamang Gidakiiminaan (keeping the land). Elders advocated for the community voice to be heard in defining strategic direction for Ancestral Lands, and in the nomination dossier and all communications and decisions about Pimachiowin Aki. Elders are part of Annual General Meetings, regular and special meetings of the Corporation, planning team meetings, and community-based lands working group meetings, to guide protection and management of Pimachiowin Aki in accordance with the principles of Ji-ganawendamang Gidakiiminaan. Adherence to these principles requires local community authority in protection and management and a continued presence on the land. Those with the greatest experience on the land (e.g. Elders, head trappers, trapline helpers and others with personal and family ties to specific family harvesting areas) are leaders in sharing Akiiwi-gikendamowining and ensuring compliance with the principles of Ji-ganawendamang Gidakiiminaan

  • First Nations Accord.
  • Drafting the Nomination dossier.
  • Elders and Youth Forum.
  • Elders’ willingness to share their knowledge with the rest of the world 
  • Community-driven, Elders-led process.
  • Elders’ willingness to devote their time and energy in taking part in meetings outside the communities to ensure their voices are heard and understood.
  • Meetings of community-based land working groups.
  • Patience in land management planning and nomination processes to ensure Elders are engaged early and often.  
  • Giving attention to political imperatives but not allowing them to dictate schedule / deadlines.
  • Indigenous-led nominations or any other initiative must include Elders’ knowledge and voices at the forefront at all stages.
Creation of Pimachiowin Aki Corporation: a multi-level and multi-stakeholder partnership

First Nations started a process to define Ancestral Lands by completing land use and occupancy studies, archaeological research, moose habitat studies, historical documentation, and community-based land management plans. From 1999, they started the dialogue on the importance of Ancestral Lands, way of life, industrial threats and how they could work together and help each other. In 2002, the First Nations Accord was signed, a historical document describing the commitment to work together to protect Ancestral Lands. The impetus for creating a not-for-profit charitable corporation with a Board of Directors was to have a forum for continued and regular dialogue, consensus-based, non-hierarchical decision-making and a legal entity that could make contracts, raise funds, and develop a World Heritage nomination dossier. The Corporation was established in 2006 with a Board consisting of one representative from each First Nation and Provincial Government. An Executive Director oversees operations and provides support and advice. The mission is to acknowledge and support Anishinaabe culture and safeguard the boreal forest, preserving a living cultural landscape to ensure the well-being of Anishinaabeg and for the benefit and enjoyment of all people.

  • First Nations’ Accord signed in 2002 to work together to protect Ancestral Lands.
  • Interprovincial Wilderness Area (Manitoba & Ontario) MoU signed in 1998 to work together on planning and management of adjacent provincial parks.
  • IUCN call for WH nominations on boreal shield ecosystems in 2003.
  • Willingness of Manitoba & Ontario Governments and the four Pimachiowin Aki First Nations to work together on a nomination.
  • Provision of funds by the provinces to establish the Pimachiowin Aki Corporation.
  • Need for predictable levels of support -not only annual government grants- to contribute to financial sustainability and greater staff retention.
  • Importance of strategic planning and leadership development.
  • Need to enhance the organization’s ability to leverage financial and human capital, improve grant management, allow for longer-term evaluations, strengthen programs and reach out to donors who want to help build a program.
  • Ensure wide and frequent engagement/participation of all partners in defining vision, mission, charitable purposes, and duties of Directors.  
  • The Corporation is successful not only because certain procedures are in place to channel information and communication, but because it fosters a culture that values people learning from one another, and recommends ways of building capacity and creating opportunities in areas where challenges currently exist. 
Developing a multi-stakeholder network (farmers, community members, government agencies and the academe)

Involving all stakeholders in the conservation of the Rice Terraces cultural landscape required the strengthening of existing networks, where the traditional knowledge behind the construction and maintenance of the terraces, carried by the Ifugao people played a pivotal role for their recovery and sustainable conservation. As a community organization where 99% of its members are Ifugaos themselves and based on the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM), a national NGO working on community development projects, SITMo had strong foundations for the development of alliances. It developed partnerships with the national authority and the local governments in order to involve local communities in the process of recovering the terraces and develop sustainable strategies for their long-term conservation. SITMo focused on organizing farmers in the different World Heritage clusters to discuss issues confronting the terraces in focus groups with the communities. All along, archaeological and ethnographic research has been conducted continuously by SITMo in cooperation with academic institutions namely UCLA, the University of the Philippines, and Ifugao State University.

  • SITMo founded in 1999 as a grass-roots initiative to protect the terraces and recover the traditional knowledge and heritage of the Ifugao Indigenous People.
  • The inclusion of the Rice Terraces of the Philippines Cordillera in the World Heritage List in Danger by a request of the government of the Philippines in 2001, allowed for the mobilization of international cooperation to support the conservation efforts of the terraces.
  • Recognized need of involving local communities in the terraces’ conservation.
  • Importance of the establishment of long-term objectives based on a long-term strategy which was decided to be focused on education. 
  • Need of partnering with the Ministry of Education and other political actors.
Adopt Information Technologies for the Common Good of Society

For Defensores del Chaco [Protectors of Chaco], information and communication technologies are now a fundamental part of the fight against climate change and the sustainability of the planet.

 

Defensores del Chaco has a team of committed young people with creative skills. They use the latest technological tools to produce quality content, prioritizing what should be communicated and using the tools to create content and achieve calls to action. 

 

The products they produce involve the: 

  1. Creation of a video
  2. The preparation of a flyer
  • Preparation and training of young people in Paraguay
  • Low-cost digital media
  • Budget for the acquisition of communication equipment (cameras, drones, computer, etc.)
  • The growing awareness of the urgent need to take care of our planet.

You can have all the components to make changes in behaviour but if you do not adapt these components and use the latest technological tools, you will not achieve significant change.