Global theme for a common purpose

The GAW campaigns are organized in such a manner that each year there is a common theme for all the participating countries globally. This enhances learning from each other as there are common resources that are shared by the coordinating agencies such as brochures and provision of a common platform for cross learning and shring amongst participating partners. There are opportunities that are provided for joint meetings to review the progress of the campaign and share experiences from various parts of the globe. This provides an opportunity to jointly evaluate what has been working and what has not been working for improvement and learning. Having a common theme around the globe enhances the level of achievement of the anticipated results from various continents. The campaign also takes place simultaneously around the world.

  • Having a joint theme for all participating countries
  • Having common campaign sites i.e. website and Facebook page for sharing and learning from each other
  • Having common coordinators of the initiative i.e SSNC and consumer international
  • Organized activities around the World Food Day makes the agenda of sustaianble consuption be implemented in a timely manner
  • There is need for cross learning and sharing amongst partners on best practices and successes for upscaling in different contexts
  • The concept of Green Action Week Campaigns is easily replicable in different localities and contexts with the selected themes being suitable everywhere
Strengthening PELUM Kenya Zonal Networking

Following the Devolvement of Kenya in 2010, PELUM Kenya devolved itself in to six networking zones namely: Central Rift Valley Zone, Lower Eastern and Coastal Zone,  Nairobi/Central Zone, Upper Eatern and Northern Kenya Zone, Western Zone and Nyanza Zone.

PELUM Kenya has therefore been focusing on a zone during implementation of the Green Action Week campaigns as a way of promoting horizontal networking. The members of a zone are involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the campaigns with one of the member organizations being the lead member organisation and in close coordination by PELUM Kenya secretariat and zonal staff. This provides a platform for learning and sharing among Member Organizations

  • Joint planning and implementation of the campaign activities
  • Coordination by a lead member organization
  • Cross learning and sharing among the Zonal Member Organizations
  • Creation of synergies to enhance achievement of results
  • There is need to engage in early planning for all the activities that include a number of member organizations working together
  • There is need to undertake effective joint planning including levelling of expectations and capapcity building on the intended results from the inititive to foster joint learning and understanding on the campaign results

 

Multi-Stakeholder Approach

The campaign employs a multi-stakeholder approach by ensuring that relevant stakeholders including the relevant Government Ministries, Schools, Private Sector, Farmers, Media, PELUM Kenya member organizations and othe CSOs are involved in the campaigns as a strategy of enhancing sustainability of the project beyond the project period.

The project targets the wider public through mass awareness creation so as to raise awareness on the need to grow and eat organic foods.

Media is embraced to reach to the wider public through both electric and print media methods. This includes continuous update of PELUM Kenya’s social media sites with organic food and farming messages. The media practioners are also invited to cover and air the various activities.

It also targets to build capacity of small scale farmers to further embrace organic foods and farming for healthy environments and people. This is done through exchange visits to successful organic enterprises and organic exhibitions.

As a way of enhancing the spirit of networking within PELUM Kenya network, all the member organizations of PELUM Kenya in the focus areas are involved in all aspects of this project.

  • Various stakeholders have different roles to play in enhancing the plight of organic food and farming. Relationship building, partnerships and networking is also key for ensuring that anticipated results are achieved.
  • Our mission as a network is to promote Ecological Land Use Management (elum) practices, which include organic farming and foods. A majority of PELUM Kenya member organizations promote organic farming as well. Green Action Week therefore compliments well with our mission as an organization
  • The global campaign gives added value to national activities as it exposes the efforts of other stakeholders in promoting sustainable production and consumption of organic products; it also helps in creating awareness to the public beyond what the national team would do.
  • Undertaking joint activities with all the implementing partners and stakeholders in activities yields results faster than when a single organization does it and also provides a learning and sharing forum
  • There is need for early planning and engagement to reach a broader scope of stakeholders- schools, tertiary colleges, government departments, business people, and farmer organizations
  • Target and organize special meetings with decision makers in efforts to popularize the idea among relevant authorities and to bring them on board using advocacy strategies that are friendly and not activitism
Creating a relatable "brand image" for the Reserve through effective targeted communication

Effective communication has been a key factor in enhancing ecotourism and protecting Jabal Mousssa. The Reserve enjoys today a nation-wide recognition as a young, yet professional ecotourism destination. Public support has played a key role in putting pressure on the violations that have long been taking place.

Thanks to effective communication, Jabal Moussa is also today a reliable brand name: whether food and handicraft products, hiking packages, or tree seedlings, people are increasingly fond of the Jabal Moussa products, tagged with our logo and registered trademark.

Our mascot, the Rock hyrax (or "Tabsoun" in Arabic) a previously unknown peculiar animal, is the hero of 2 books of a children's book series. Whether the real-life animal or the costumed mascot, it is becoming increasingly popular among children and adults.

APJM keeps a close relationship with media stakeholders in Lebanon, and APJM team uses a variety of communication tools to reach its partners: annual report; social media; website; email communication; direct conversations; group meetings; feedback sheets...

While the message is unique, the form is adapted to the audience: locals, children, visitors, donors...  Honesty and transparency are among the core NGO values.

Over the years, APJM has built strong relationships with the media stakeholders, who are always the first to be updated and invited to events.

Loyal, consistent and personal communication with all partners (experts, donors, supporters).

The existence of staff members partly dedicated to communicating (written; social media...) is essential.

Professional media companies have at times supported APJM in perfecting the communication.

APJM has also made use of technology to enhance marketing and facilitate a two-way communication.

Personal emails, and written letters, are more effective than mailing lists, and group sms.

Being responsive to inquiries, comments and feedback is essential.

People APJM collaborates with are its biggest supporters (donors, experts, local beneficiaries...); it is important to stay in touch with them after the collaboration is done.

Audio-visual support of good quality is highly important: pictures speak louder than words.

 

Striving to be locally rooted, participative and adaptive, while globally connected

The "helicopter approach" has become part of our philosophy and is an important key to success in Protected Areas. As an NGO, we constantly hover between local and international, and we aim to be rooted locally, while universally connected.

We thrive to balance between local assets, skills, and needs, with international concepts and expertise, without the need to stop at any "intermediary".

We seek to be adaptive and collaborative in our management of the Reserve: we seek the guidance of locals to adapt techniques and recommendations to our local context.

Our staff and board members are predominantly local residents; we have direct links with local stakeholders, and we advance personal relationships over numbers in large scale surveys. On the other hand, we aim at adapting the international concepts of the Man and Biosphere Programme, and we seek to have an active role in regional and international networks, and to build partnerships with multilateral donors and international foundations.

We believe that by having been locally rooted, and internationally connected, we became trustworthy partners on both levels.

Having a local team, knowledgeable of the area, is a prerequisite. Engaging in a transparent communication and a direct relationship with stakeholders of diverse backgrounds, was essential and took the team farther than relying on "intermediaries".

The willingness to learn from and contribute to regional and international networks, and having a team specialized in different aspects (development, conservation, communication...), as well as having encouraging counterparts (UNESCO and IUCN secretariats), allowed us to be connected internationally.

The process of building and maintaining relationships on all levels can be wearisome and time consuming. It is however important to invest in it, for, on the long run, it is rewarding to all parties involved.

Being present on field is as important as being present at conferences: learning from the people on the field, and learning from other experiences is crucial, and can be achieved through thorough communication between team members.

The more targeted we are with our process, the more successful we get. For instance, we attempted to work once with the local farmers (non-targerted), inviting through bulk messaging to several important, yet non-targeted training sessions. The participation was modest, and the relationship with the farmers was not maintained.

In contrast, when we worked with beekeepers, we first started with individual visits to each of the 51 beekeepers, noting their needs, their scale of work, their techniques. A relationship was built. This led to the implementation of several successfull interventions, and the personal contact is regularly maintained.

Designing projects for sustainability through integration into the organization's strategy and analysis of local context

It has always been at the core philosophy of APJM, and as means of sustainability, that every project should generate impacts and be sustained beyond the life of the project, or its funding.

Therefore, while NGOs might fall into the trap of designing projects based on the donor's needs, APJM's projects are designed to directly answer the gaps identified locally. The needs were first identified in 2009 during a socio-economic survey describing the socio-economic profile of the local communities, or during scientific research done by experts, and were later on updated by APJM staff or experts.

Activities are subsequently planned to answer APJM's mission and vision, and fit into APJM's Management Plan and Strategy. The project management structure is designed to fit into the organizational chart of APJM. As activities often target or are implemented in partnership with local stakeholders, activities also build on existing local skills and know-how, and aim at their leverage.

Most project activities are therefore sustained beyond the project funding, on both financial and operation levels, and projects turn into programs, or sub-activities of programs.

- Existing advanced surveys in different areas (socio-economic; natural heritage; cultural heritage)

- Willingness of local communities to be part of APJM's projects and activities

- Local staff familiar with the local context

- Clear management vision set by board members

- Thorough survey (socio-economic, fauna, flora, cultural...) are essential prior to the development of any project

- Project activities should be developed to meet the NGO mission as well as the socio-economic needs

- Sustainability concerns should be addressed during the planning phase

- Project activities need to generate either income or any other type of benefit for the NGO as well as the local communities to be able to sustain it

Governance at all levels needs to buy in

In this project we worked closely with government at all levels.

 

National level: it was important to obtain political support on priorities and to agree on where restoration would be useful and where protected areas could established

Regional level: Regional buy in is very important - to convince regional government of the need for and positive consequences of establishing a protected area; key arguments were linked to social issues and income from the landscape – establishing a linkage between biodiversity protection and the development of income alternatives with the villages

Local level: Buy-in here focused on practical level decisions linked to resources for the villagers.

If not all levels agree then there is a danger for a “paper park”

That’s why it was important to bring all on board.

There is need for building trust and relationships, particularly when working at regional and local government level. We did not have relationships with the villages before. The time invested and relationship building allowed us to engage people and develop activities. Positive signals from government were key here. 

  • Strengthening local governance structures enables more stakeholders to take decisions which are necessary for the long-term success of FLR. It leads to real engagement of landscape stakeholders.
  • For building relationships linked to governance we need to have people in strategic places to be able to engage with communities.
  • National parks have limited resources – therefore it is important to create a win-win situation from this. Advantages for communities can lead to conservation benefits that also are supported by governance structures at all levels.
  • Funding of such projects requires long term thinking
  • Restoration outside a national park can work well and can happen at low cost with the help of the community
People are part of the solution- over the long term

The region in Madagascar we worked in was very complex with different needs of people in the landscape. As communities were key drivers of degradation and deforestation via slash and burn agriculture, we had to take a long term approach to build relationships and trust and to get community buy-in towards adopting alternative income opportunities and sustainable agriculture approaches. This included offering training, building capacity and awareness. In return we got them involved in restoration activities.

Communities have to take real ownership of the solution. The project gave the communities a joint vision and positive alternative to their previous way of living and working in the landscape. Achieving that buy in village by village takes time. The project area was large, with a Protected Area at the core, surrounded by many villages. Without a social component and cooperation, the chance for deforestation and degradation to continue is high.

For any project that deals with restoration and community engagement, giving it time is of big importance to ensure sustainability and long term effects.

  • It is important  to understand the diversity of the people – the social dimension in the landscape
  • Needs involvement of people with affinity to social issues – studies showing real alternatives raise credibility
  • Social monitoring is important
  • Build relationships – need to be present in the landscape to raise trust and build partnerships
  • It requires time, both social aspects and forest restoration
  • Build an exit strategy into your project design (or indicators to properly decide when exit is possible) 
  • Forest landscape restoration has both an ecological and a social dimension, and the social one is fundamental to long term success.
  • Take time to build relationship and be present in the landscape
  • Ensure community takes real ownership
  • Build capacity to support Forest Landscape Restoration
  • Solid knowledge of the socio-cultural, political and ecological features of a landscape is important to better design and implement FLR interventions that are suited to local conditions.
  • Integrate your activities within a landscape-scale plan.
  • Restoring forested landscapes is a long-term process and much flexibility over the course of such an endeavour is needed. Periodic reappraisal is paramount.
Native Plant Nurseries and Afforestation

The objective of implementing native plant nurseries is to promote forest plantations in thickets and/or agroforestry, which contribute to carbon sequestration, do not degrade the soil and do not consume much water as eucalyptus or pine. This will contribute to water regulation and protect the soil from erosion. In turn, these species have economic value and are of practical use to the community because they are an important source of wood for carpentry, construction, firewood and charcoal, as well as being melliferous (used by bees to produce honey), medicinal (they cure various diseases, such as digestive, respiratory, renal, etc.) and useful for dyeing fabrics (they give different colors). In addition, Polylepis forests are in danger of extinction and currently form relict forests in patches. Thus, the community plants to produce trees and shrubs; they know and practice good management and value the importance of Jalca's native trees and shrubs. The process goes from the collection of vegetative material for propagation to the planting of the seedlings produced in the selected sites. They are implemented by combining traditional and technical knowledge and with communal work such as mingas.

  • Local prioritization. This is an integrated conservation and development project identified and prioritized in the MTP.
  • Collective work. It brings together and integrates the community, with activities developed by women (young people), such as nursery cuttings management techniques. In general, everyone contributes with their labor and the support of the community.
  • Participatory decision-making. The decision of the areas to be afforested or reforested, whether it is in clumps or in agroforestry, or the plants that will be distributed, requires a communal agreement.
  • The high capacity of Polylepis forests to store carbon, as well as their vulnerability and endemism, makes them attractive for forest conservation projects, such as REDD projects, and generates massive interest in presenting proposals at higher levels (local, regional). On the other hand, there is a need to find substitutes for the firewood and charcoal extracted from them.
  • Research is needed on carbon sequestration in the case of native soils and grasslands in the high Andean zones, where Polylepis forests are located. Protection activities are necessary in order not to lose this capacity.
  • The Queñual has an 80% yield, for which in the first months of propagation it should not lack irrigation; the elder has a yield of 90%, which indicates its great capacity for vegetative reproduction.
  • The projects/activities in the area, which were remunerated and provided the peasant family with an economic income, conditioned the minga work to limited days and restricted participation.
Specialist Skills: Niche Tax Expertise

The nature of this Project sought to create a biodiversity finance solution for South Africa's protected areas that was built on tax law. In order to succeed in this venture, it was central to have a tax specialist undertake the Project. Previous attempts to introduce biodiversity tax incentives in South Africa had failed due to incorrect tax structuring and lack of practical tax testing. In both the amendment of national tax legislation, as well as the actual appropriation of the tax incentives on behalf of landowners, a skilled tax practitioner, who understood both detailed tax law as well as the environmental policy and legislation that the tax incentives linked to, was required. The very unique nature of this work required a niche skill set to ensure its effective and efficient implementation. This biodiversity finance solution could not have been introduced without a tax specialist. 

The use of niche tax skills was enabled through catalytic funding secured to employ such skills to undertake this Project.

Key lessons learned from the niche skill set building block include:

  • Cross-sector bridges: attracting different skill sets into the mainstream conservation sector was a catalytic step in being able to introduce this innovative solution for biodiversity conservation.
  • Thinking outside of the box: the utilisation of a skill set uncommon in conservation, created an out-of-the-box solution;
  • Niche expertise are vital to achieve specific and intricate deliverables: the use of a very specific skills set and expertise regarding tax law was vital to achieving this innovation. The idea was insufficient and key skills were required for successful implementation.