Asset Balance Sheets

Asset balance sheets log the stocks of assets and their values in the national accounts. Whereas flows of economic production--goods and services--have been used as primary indicators of the "health" of an economy, these measures do not take into account depreciation or degradation of the asset base form which these flows stem. Changes in the asset balance sheet would reflect, for example, the reduction in value of depleted fisheries stocks. 

An asset balance sheet is useful for natural capital accounting and assessing the blue economy requires periodic assessments of asset stocks that are systematically collected and comparable. This would mean regular assessments of fishery stocks, undersea ocean and mineral deposits, and port infrastructure to name a few. Monetary accounts require prices for non-market natural capital assets. 

  1. While monetary accounts are the ideal, physical accounts (e.g. kg spawning stock biomass) can be useful where market prices do not exist. 
  2. Tracking changes in the asset balance sheet are more important than a comprehensive asset balance sheet compiled as a one-off exercise. These data must be collected with regularity to be useful for tracking the sustainability of the blue economy.
Co-investment to achieve fishery sustainability

To achieve success in the sustainability of fishery resources, there must be active participation of various stakeholders: fishing communities, government sector, academia, civil society organizations and the market, among the most important. In 2019, COBI began monitoring the costs (monetary and non-monetary) associated with the implementation and development of fishery improvement projects. From this exercise, it was documented that generally at the beginning of the projects, philanthropy makes the largest economic investment through CSOs, while fishing communities make it in a non-monetary way (e.g. by making their boats available for the activities), and other actors also participate (e.g., government agencies or academia). The objective of community co-investment is that over time the fishing communities become organized and committed to continue paying the expenses associated with this type of project, and achieve greater financial autonomy. COBI and the fishing communities developed a written strategy with a five-year term, in which the communities commit to maintain a gradual percentage of economic contributions to achieve co-responsibility and autonomy of the project.

  1. Stakeholders are aware of project costs and have a gradual financial strategy for co-investment.
  2. Stakeholders have transparent and accountable processes in place to build trust and sustain fishery improvement projects over the long term.
  1. Mapping the stakeholders in the co-management of the fishery from the beginning. This makes it possible to make visible all those who can/should participate in the financial contributions of improvement practices and project monitoring.
  2. Integrating and training all actors involved in the value chain on the importance and benefits of being co-investors in fishery improvements.
  3. Consider monetary and non-monetary contributions (e.g. human capital, time invested, data/information generation, infrastructure-meeting space). This allows valuing, recognizing, and making visible the contributions and commitment to sustainable fisheries from each sector.
  4. Achieving co-investment is not a simple process, as it involves financial issues. For this reason, it is necessary to train participants and make them recognize its importance.
Securing the genetic resource base of Indigenous plants species: A Community Biodiversity Conservation Initiative

The project provided alternative sources of propagation, (home gardens for 500 households in 5 villages) increasing diversity around forest community while reducing pressure on the forest for these species. 175 Varieties of 35 crop species were saved in the community seed bank. Seed exchange and multiplication activities influenced the increase in cultivation of new varieties. Seed bank produced and sold over 10 different varieties of local tomatoes, yams and garden eggs. Proceeds was used to set up a Community Biodiversity Management Fund.

Our project is restoring indigenous plant biodiversity around forest communities in Nigeria where they have been depleted over time due to over-exploitation as well as contributing to preserving traditional plant varieties and wild gene pools for Indigenous people. Our project has provided alternative sources of propagation, increasing diversity around forest communities while reducing pressure on the forest for these species. 

We have shown a link between Good Nutrition which these indigenous plants bring and health of the Environment and Forests around these communities. Irrespective of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our food systems, seed saved in the Community seed bank was able guarantee continuity in the supply and distribution of seeds which represented major boater to creating resilient local food-systems at the community.

Securing the genetic resource base of Indigenous plants species: A Community Biodiversity Conservation Initiative

We have developed a manual which can help smallholder women farmers replicate the solutions in the South West of Nigeria. At the national level, collaborating with policy makers to include indigenous food plants as key components of in the School feeding programs as well as the Anchor borrowers programme for micro-credits. Our Seed bank Open day programmes provide avenues for exchange and display of seed diversity as well as a model for local seed bank scale up to a national project for the conservation of a larger number of wild crop relatives in Nigeria. We are currently advocating at the National legislature to provide legislative laws on the inclusion of Indigenous food plants to the Nigerian Food policy programme. These initiatives when pulled together will contribute significantly to indigenous Plant Species Conservation.

With limited access to land, women are still custodians of Biodiversity with Knowledge to bolster food security. 65% of the participating community members were women. 53% ages 40-65, 47% ages 18-39. Women participation was supported by their husbands. This saw more women take decision on dietary requirements for their families and strong participatory roles in management and benefits sharing. 

Households created small/medium-sized enterprises for steady economic growth which put less pressure to their surrounding forest. As a result of less pressure on the forest for livelihood, new revenue streams are up and running. Local base ecosystems have facilitated growth not only within the Forest Community but beyond, creating opportunities for decent work. Achieving social inclusion was to emphasize “local ownership”. Setting up spaces for dialogue that allowed for the active and inclusive participation of local people ensured that priorities were determined locally and that local concerns were at the core of all activities.

Inter-institutional working group for the creation of the Management Plan

Through alliances with different organizations and in coordination with the authorities, the development of the management plan was initiated.

In the first phase, work has been done to create the guiding document that will make it possible to implement the management plan by establishing roles and methods.

The organizations involved in the management plan are:

  • Instituto Municipal de Ecología de Hermosillo
  • Desert Walkers A.C.
  • Profauna A.C.
  • Ecological Collaboration.
  • Ecogrande A.C.
  • Naturally Fun

  • Involved conservation organizations with experience in Natural Protected Areas.
  • Support from the community living in the vicinity.
  • Governmental willingness.
  • Relevant stakeholders are already known.

  • It is necessary to know the terrain.
  • A good relationship and communication with the community is indispensable.
  • Use of electronic means of communication can speed up the process.
Citizen project with fund management

This strategy consisted of applying for a call for proposals called: "Fund to Support Sonora Projects for the Environment", which made it possible to implement a soil and vegetation cover restoration program for the Parque Central or Parque Johnson Natural Protected Area.

Through the on-site identification of areas of greatest impact, this fund was managed for the development and placement of hydrological infrastructure such as gabions and cisterns.

We had the support of a group of engineers: HEMEK Engineering, as well as the participation of the Sonora Silvestre Collective for training and advice on the installation of the gabions and the support of groups of citizen volunteers for both the preparation and subsequent maintenance activities of the gabions.

For the achievement of this strategy, there was ample support and donations in time and material from various organizations:

CEDES - Economic Resources

Hemek Ingeniería S.A. de C.V. - Engineering and execution of the project.

TE Conectividad - Donation of a 5,000-liter cistern.

Ayuntamiento de Hermosillo - Donation of 42m3 of stone for gabion filling.

Alejandro Robles Topography - Topography works.

The observable results in terms of facilitating the establishment of vegetation cover, mitigation of heat islands are in the process of development since they are observable results in the longer term, however, it was observed after the first rains, a stabilization of the terrain upstream due to the action of the gabions allowing to reduce the speed of water, which was reflected in the reduction of sediment in the streets of the colony that connect to the ANP.

It is important that for the management of funds for the implementation of projects or programs, the cost involved should be carefully calculated, since in our case the cost was higher due to the use of machinery, since the sandy soil of the access to the area does not allow the entry of dump trucks to unload the stone in the proximity of each gabion.

Improve the agreements with the actors involved since the delivery times of governmental institutions were not always as desired in order to meet the goals in the stipulated times.

Institutional and CSO partnerships

The strategy based on alliances allows connecting visions that lead to the development of actions oriented to a common objective, in this case, the restoration and conservation of the Central Park Natural Area and its zones of influence.

The activities that have made it possible to build this community network with actors from institutions and other CSOs have included on-site events related to their own projects, as well as training with expert advisors on restoration issues and practices outside the impact zone, but which make it possible to concretize and strengthen the technical learning necessary to continue with the project.

One of the most significant actions has been to collaborate with different social actors in the preparation of the Management Plan for the Natural Protected Area, which is a necessary and useful resource for conservation objectives and a multi-stakeholder action, as well as collaborations with transboundary associations such as the Arizona Desert Museum and Borderlands Restoration Network in an effort to improve the consequences of the impacts of exotic plants and implement restoration actions.

Extend the collaboration network beyond the local area, which allows for increased opportunities to support the conservation of the area.

Extend the reach of the results so that more people, both citizens and representatives of institutions, become interested in supporting the strategies.

This strategy has made the project visible to more support networks.

It is important to have sufficient time to meet the requests of the different stakeholders involved in the partnerships.

To have a follow-up strategy for each of the partnerships and commitments undertaken.

Participatory environmental education strategies

The objective of this strategy was to strengthen participatory management activities through environmental education. Tours of the natural area were conducted in which the general public was invited, as well as children's walks, theater presentations, family walks, night walks, and citizen science workshops.

These educational activities were led by actors from different areas: biologists, theater actors, members of the association, and naturalist tutors. All this to strengthen the links between specialists in the area of conservation but also to diversify the way in which specialized knowledge is presented to the general public.

The information and themes were aimed at informing about habitat conditions in the area, informing about the ANP, informing about invasive species as well as native species and strategies of minimum impact in natural areas.

  • Interest on the part of the participants in continuing to learn about the topics covered.

  • As a result of these events, more people from the conservation field were contacted to collaborate.

  • Neighbors in the area expressed interest in collaborating and even started organized groups for similar actions.

  • Designing learning activities that include a field experience represents a very significant learning experience, especially for children.

  • Disseminating the activities fosters a sense of belonging and promotes collaboration.

  • Importance of finding ways to measure the impact of these activities as well as the results.

Rangers remove the carcass and deal with poisoning
  • Once the ranger arrives on site, he has to prepare to remove the carcass from the field usually by calling for the INPA field truck. 
  • If there are injured animals on site these have to receive first-aid and veterinary care quickly.  
  • If the carcass is laced with poison it has be secured to prevent access by more animals.
  • The site has be searched for more animals further away.
  • The entire site has to be treated also as a crime scene so investigative and forensic evidence is maintained and then collected carefully.
  • Proper training or protocols for dealing with poisoning events
  • Proper radio or telephone system for all areas.
  • Tractor or 4X4 vehicle capable of removing animal carcass from the field
  • Veterinarians on-call in all areas to receive poisoned animals

Important to have proper training and practive of protocols for dealing with poisoning events.




     
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System links to Telegram app for sending alerts to relevant rangers

After the algorithms determine that an alert is needed, it sends out an alert only to nearby on-call rangers via the Telegram app on their smartphones.

  • integration of alert system with real-time ranger position and ranger's on-call status (active or off-duty)
  • integration with Telegram system
  • Integration with Waze or other GPS-based driving solution app

Telegram is best for sending alerts.

Focusing alerts nly to relevent rangers reduces unnecessary false alarms and improves effcieny of real responses.